Carbon monoxide

A sakamakon bai cika konewa na carbon ko kayayyakin dauke da shi, shi Forms carbon monoxide (CO) ko carbon monoxide. Sauran sunayen da wannan mai guba abu ba da ciwon launi ko wari (da shi ne ya sa ba ta carbon monoxide, Organic abubuwa da impurities), - carbon oxide (II) ko carbon monoxide. Its yawa a 0 ° C daidai 0,00125 g / cm³. A zazzabi na debe 192 ° C wuce daga gaseous ga ruwa a jihar, da kuma a debe 205 ° C - m. Autoignition zafin jiki da 609 ° C. Oxide ne dan kadan mai narkewa a cikin ruwa (0.0026 g a 100 ml), amma mai narkewa a cikin chloroform, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, ethanol, ammonium hydroxide, benzene. Yana yana da wani matauni taro na 28,0101 g / mol.

Bugu da ƙari monoxide suna kuma aka sani da sauran carbon oxides. Mafi na kowa daga cikin waɗannan ne carbon dioxide ko carbon dioxide (CO2), wanda aka samar da cikakken konewa na carbon (free kuma mamaye). Yana da wani colorless iskar gas da wani dan kadan m iyawa, amma ba da ciwon da wani wari. Yana da matuƙar narkewa a cikin ruwa, sa'an nan ya kafa wani acidic carbon hydroxide CO (OH) 2 ko carbonic acid H2CO3. Carbon suboxide (C3O2) ne mai guba gas ba tare da launi, amma tare da wani kaifi gagarumin wari. Karkashin al'ada yanayi, shi ne mai sauki polymerize, kyakkyawan, don samar da kayayyakin da ba su narkewa a cikin ruwa da kuma stained a ja, rawaya ko shunayya. Akwai ma wasu carbon oxides wanda suke kasa da aka sani, kuma suna da wani mikakke ko cyclic tsarin. Dabarbari a cikin wannan jerin bambanta daga C2O2 zuwa C32O8. Bugu da kari akwai wata polymeric abu, kamar graphite oxide daga gare ta, wata kwayoyin hada da C da kuma Yã abubuwa da yawan biyu kwayoyin halitta su iya bambanta.

Carbon monoxide samu ta hanyar m hadawan abu da iskar shaka na carbon (a shoestring) ga carbon oxygen gas. Alal misali, a lokacin aiki da wutar makera ko ciki konewa engine a wani kewaye sarari. A gaban oxygen, carbon monoxide kona blue harshen wuta ta samar da carbon dioxide: 2Kor + O2 → 2CO2. Coke (ko kwal) gas, wanda aka yi amfani da ko'ina a 60s babi da ya gabata karni domin na cikin gida lighting, dafa abinci da kuma dumama, kunshe a abun da ke ciki har zuwa 10% carbon monoxide. Tun da konewa na CO, babban adadin zafi, irin wannan gas ne mai muhimmanci da man fetur bangaren. Wasu matakai a fasahar zamani (msl, alade baƙin ƙarfe) ne har yanzu tare da samuwar irin wannan ta-samfurin, kamar carbon monoxide. A duniya most tushen carbon monoxide halitta asalin ne photochemical halayen da ke faruwa a cikin troposphere da kuma samar da game 5 • 1012 kg a kowace shekara. Sauran halitta kafofin na carbon monoxide ne volcanoes, gandun daji gobara, da sauran konewa tafiyar matakai.

Daga cikin sinadaran ra'ayi, shi ne halin da carbon monoxide rage dũkiyõyinsu, da wata hali ya Bugu da kari halayen. Amma wadannan biyu nufi aka nuna ne kawai a dagagge yanayin zafi a wadda carbon monoxide za a iya alaka da wasu karafa, chlorine, oxygen da kuma sulfur. Da karfe da aka yi amfani da damar da abu ta gasa warke yawa karafa zuwa oxides. A dauki na chlorine generated phosgene gas: CO + Cl2 ↔ COCl2. An mai guba, amfani da kwayoyin kira, za a iya hankali bazu da ruwa bisa ga dauki lissafi: COCl2 + 2H2O → H2CO3 + 2HCl.

Carbon monoxide za a iya kai tsaye a haɗe a dagagge zafin jiki da kuma matsa lamba ga wasu karafa ta samar da karfe carbonyls da suke da hadaddun mahadi: Ni (CO) 4, Mo (CO) 6, Fe (CO) 5 da sauransu. Carbon monoxide (II) za a iya mayar da martani tare da ammonia a kan mai kara kuzari (thoria ThO2) a 500 ° C da samuwar na hydrogen cyanide: CO + NH3 HCN + H2O →.

Carbon monoxide ne mai guba zuwa mutane da dabbobi. Mai guba Properties na carbon monoxide saboda da ikon amsa mafita da haemoglobin a cikin jini, sa'an nan rasa ikon kawo oxygen zuwa Kwayoyin kuma tsokoki na jiki. Wannan shi ne, ya zo hypoxia hematic irin. In ba haka ba, shi ne ake kira (saboda ƙananan oxygen damar jini) jini. Har ila yau carbon oxide (II) ke taka rawa a cikin dauki, damun jikin kyallen takarda biochemical balance. Easy guba tare da ciwon kai, buga a haikalin, juwa ko jiri, kirji sha raɗaɗin, da kuma bushe tari, na ruwa idanu, tashin zuciya da amai, na gani da auditory hallucinations, reddening na fata da kuma mucous membranes, tachycardia, kara matsa lamba. A matsakaici drowsiness kuma sets (yayin da rike sani) motor inna. Mai tsananin guba ne halin da cututtuka kamar dilated almajirin, asarar sani, convulsions, coma, numfashi gazawar, involuntary sallama na tumbi da fitsari, bluish fata da kuma mucous membranes. Mutuwa ya auku saboda zuciya da kuma gazawar numfashi.