Lokacin da Gulistan zaman lafiya da aka yi?

Tarihi na Caucasus shi ne mai arziki a cikin ban mamaki abubuwan da upheavals sa da Arab-Iran fadada, da manufar wanda shi ne tilasta kãmun yankuna wannan sararin yankin. End shi alama da sanya hannu kan Gulistan zaman lafiya - yarjejeniyar kammala tsakanin gwamnatin Rasha da kuma Farisa (Iran) a 1813. Ya qaddamar da wani sabon lokaci a cikin rayuwarku ta Caucasian mutãnensu, shekaru da yawa don in cece su daga encroachments na m makwabta.

Rasha sansanin soja a kan Terek

Don cikakken gane muhimmancin cewa duniya da Gulistan (1813), ya kamata a yi don gano da tarihi da kuma sake zagayowar na Iran da kuma Turkiyya incursions cikin ƙasa na Caucasus. A farkon da shi aka sa baya a XVI karni, a lokacin da Rasha, bayan acceding zuwa Astrakhan da Kazan Khanate, kammala aiwatar da samuwar wani Karkasa jihar.

Duk da dukan matsaloli na wannan lokaci a 1567, Tsar Ivan Grozny samu wata damar gina a kan Terek dama birãnensu, sanduna hanyar Turkish kuma Persian invaders. A da farkon na aiwatar da kafa dangantakar abokantaka tsakanin Rasha da kuma mutanen Caucasus, daya daga cikin links of wanda aka sanya hannu a kan biyu da rabi ƙarni daga baya, Gulistan duniya.

A halin yanzu, da gina sansanin soja a kan Terek River ya sa tashin hankali da ya taso a cikin dangantakar dake tsakanin Rasha da Iran da kuma musamman Turkey, wanda ake shirin yada ta fadada zuwa kasarta na Arewa Caucasus. Rasha, bi da bi, ya kuma sha'awar karfafa matsayinsu a wannan yana kokarin muhimmanci yankin, da kuma akai-akai nuna da m na Ottoman sojojin.

Tunani akai arewacin maƙwabcinsa

A cikin zuwan nan da XVIII karni, da tashin hankali ko da more tsananta, zama wani sakamako na m gasar tsakanin Iran da kuma Turkey, kokarin ta kowane hali da ya lashe a kan na gida khans da haka samun fifiko.

A irin wannan yanayi, da jama'ar na Caucasus, da kuma musamman Dagestani yana da matukar wuya, kuma sun akai-akai a lokacin XVIII da XIX karni da suka biyo, ya roki Rasha hukuma don zo su taimaka musu. A nan gaba, wannan ya kasance da factor da wanda aka sanya hannu Gulustan zaman lafiya.

The so na Caucasian shugabanni a karkashin sandan na Rasha Tsars

Bisa ga buri na mazauna Dagestan kansu, ya kafa na Romanov daular, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, shekara guda bayan ya Accession zuwa kursiyin dauki karkashin Rasha iko Avar, erpelinskogo, Kazikumukh da kumykskogo khans tare da barorin da yankuna.

Daga baya, a lokacin da XVII karni, 'yan khans bi kwat da wando, bayar da tasu gudunmuwar da kara karfafa Rasha ta matsayi a cikin Caucasus. All gida shugabanninmu waɗanda suka yi aikin shiga Moscow karkashin sandan na sarki, ya dauki kansu da wajibi a gudanar da wani kariya daga Rasha yan kasuwa, da kuma shiga cikin sahu na yau da kullum da sojojin da su compatriots. Subject to wadannan bukatu ake samu daga baitul albashi, in ba haka ba, haramta.

Turkish ta'adi da shi da sunan addini yaki

Samun haka kafa zaman lafiya a Caucasus tabbatar da short-rayu. Tuni a cikin gaba karni XVIII kawo ɓarna a Turkey don ƙara da aikin. Wannan lokaci da dalilin fadada daga cikin samuwa karfe, a cewar ta kalamai shugabanni, mãsu bãyar da bãya daga wani adadin na Caucasian mutãnensu, musamman mazauna Dagestan, daga shari'ar musulunci. Furta da shi Hurumi jihadi yaki, da Turks kaddamar da wani bude ta'adi.

A gaskiya ma, farkon aiki tashin sa Turkey lura a cikin lokaci na weakening na Iran (Farisa), wanda ya zama wani sakamako na shafe tsawon tattalin arziki da rikicin akwai. Saboda wannan shi ne abin da gwamnatin dauke Istanbul a matsayin babban gasa, da lokacin da jũna mafi m ga Sultan na m bayani da yankin shawarwari.

Yankin rigingimu na XVIII karni

Duk da haka, da tsare-tsaren da tausasawa Ƙofar (haka sau da yawa aka kira Turkey) ya hana duk wannan Rasha, karkashin jagorancin cewa lokaci aka Peter I. Bayan da za'ayi a 1722. A Caspian yaƙi da shiga wata yarjejeniya da Farisa, ya shiga cikin Rasha Empire Baku, Derbent, Rasht, kazalika da yawan larduna, da'awar da Turkey.

Sa'an nan sarki ya dauki dan kasa dama sauran Dagestani mulkin gargajiya da sarakunanku. Ko duk da cewa da Ottoman sun iya lalatar Armenia, Georgia, da kuma wani gagarumin rabo daga Azerbaijan, da Sultan aka tilasta gane hakkokin Rasha a kan ta saye a cikin Caspian yankin. Duk da haka, sũ, 'yan diplomasiyya yarjejeniyar ba sa kawo karshen incessant yaƙe-yaƙe, tsage Caucasus a ko'ina cikin XVIII karni.

A sayi wata yarjejeniya da Turkey

Duk da cewa a cikin farkon shekarun da XIX karni da dukan Dagestan da kuma gabashin ɓangare na Jojiya ya hukumance kasance karkashin iko na Rasha tsars, da Turks, da kuma kasar Iran sun tako har da ayyukan sake, so ka dauki amfani da matsaloli da cewa an samu a cikin wannan lokaci Rasha.

Duk da haka, duk da cewa, wakilan na diplomasiyya kungiyar soja na Alexander I a 1812, ya iya gama da Ottoman Empire wata yarjejeniya kawo karshen Rasha-Turkish yaki, wanda dade for baya shekaru shida. A sayi wannan daftarin aiki a lokacin tilasta Turks ba up aiki a cikin Caucasus. Yana da aka warware duk al'amurran da suka shafi tare da Farisa (Iran), da kuma wani hali zarar gabatar.

A yarjejeniyar da aka kulla a Gulistan

A shekara, wanda dade na tsawon shekaru tara, na karshe Rasha-Persian yaki, a cikin abin da Farisa suka ci, da kuma babbansu, magaji a kan karaga, kawai tsere kama. Daidai da deplorable sakamakon soja yaƙi demoralized da yawan jama'a na kasar da kuma hukuncin Elite.

A sakamakon haka, Rasha kasashen sun iya yanayi m ga Moscow don shiga cikin Gulistan yarjejeniya (1813). Rasha da Iran sun rattaba hannu kan wannan daftarin aiki a kan 12 Satumba a cikin karamin kauye na Gulistan Karabakh, wanda ya ba shi da sunan da kuma ta haka ne suka gangara a tarihi.

A cikin rawar da mai shiga tsakani a tattaunawar da aka yi ta Burtaniya jami'in diflomasiyyar Sir Gore Owsley. A cikin Rasha gefe na Gulistan zaman lafiya, da sharuddan da aka buga a cikin articles 11, ya sanya hannu a Lieutenant-Janar N. Rtishchev kuma tare da Persian - Abul-Hassan Khan.

Aiki daga wani yarjejeniyar da aka gaishe da farin ciki da dukan al'umman da na Caucasus. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, tun da shi rigayi tashin mai tsanani gurgunta tattalin arzikinsu, inda dawo da kuma gudummawar da Gulistan yarjejeniya. Takaita da asalinta kamar yadda zai yiwu, ya mayar da hankali a kan asali arziki kunshe ne a cikin ta.

Abin da ya kawo tare da shi da wani kwangila tare da Farisa

Da farko, shi ya kira ga lõkacin fatara daga juna tashin da kafa zaman lafiya tsakanin Rasha da na Farisa. Bugu da ari, daftarin aiki a fili ta tanadi iyakar raba biyu da yaƙe jam'iyyun, da kuma jera da ya tashi zuwa ƙasar da Rasha Empire, wanda hada da Abkhazia, Imereti, Kakheti, Dagestan, Guria, Samegrelo, Kartli, kazalika da wani gagarumin wani ɓangare na zamani Azerbaijan. Bi da bi, Rasha ta shiga Gulistan duniya jajirce kanta ga samar da cikakken taimako ga Farisa.

Bugu da kari, a yarjejeniyar samar da ga dama daga kõwace ƙungiya zuwa taso kan ruwa da yardar kaina a fadin Caspian Sea da kuma musayar fursunoni kama a lokacin da karshe yaki. A filin na kara huldar diplomasiyya tsakanin Rasha da kuma Persian statehood jakadun da kuma ministocin da aka fayyace haka.

Tabbatar da bin doka da oda a fagen cinikayya

Na goma sha articles na yarjejeniya kasance uku dokokin cinikayya tsakanin kasashen biyu ma suna kunshe a cikin yarjejeniyar da Gulistan. Sharuddan yarjejeniyar bayar da 'yancin na kasuwanci' yan kasuwa a garesu a kan duka biyu da yankuna. Bugu da kari, mun ƙaddara da adadin da levied kudade, da kuma la'akari da matsalolin da suka shafi vnetamozhennoy cinikayya.

Duk da cewa duniya na Gulistan daidai kuma a fili kafa doka norms ƙyale mu mu fatan wani speedy karuwa a cinikin yawa tsakanin jihohin biyu, a gaskiya, da shi ya zo dogon jinkiri, da dalilin da suke ba komai haqqinsa jinkiri.

Laifi da Rasha jami'an kwastan Astrakhan kuma Baku more kan gaba shekaru biyar da aka caje fee wajabta dogon da suka wuce bayan rasuwarsa ta lokaci "prohibitive tariffs 1755" da kuma nuna biyan 23% na kudin shigo da kaya.

Kammalawa da bincike Gulistan yarjejeniyar

A halin da ake ciki bisa al'ada kawai bayan an hukumance promulgated Gulistan yarjejeniya a 1815. Yanayi, a takaice da aka ambata a bangarorin da suka gabata da wannan labarin, ƙirƙirar doka akai don kafa zaman lafiya dangantakar, wanda kyakkyawan jagorancin to m canje-canje a cikin kasuwanci Sphere. A sakamakon haka, da ta lashe dukan tattalin arzikin.

Duk da cewa da Gulistan zaman lafiya da aka yi da farko ga manufar daidaita dangantakar da ke tsakanin Rasha da na Farisa, kuma yana da yawan illa - biyu tabbatacce kuma korau. A daya hannun, ya tsĩrar da mutanen Transcaucasia daga Persian mamayar, kazalika da Baturke invaders, da gudummawar da kawar da ƙarni na mulkin gargajiya fragmentation da tasowar tattalin arziki, kuma ta haka ne dadin rayuwarsu don sabon Heights. Amma a daya bangaren, saboda su rapprochement na Russia da Caucasians sau da yawa sa rikice-rikice tsakanin su a kan kabilanci da addini, da filaye.

Wani sabon yaki da kuma wani yarjejeniya

Bugu da kari, duniya ta zauna a sakamakon ƙarshe na Gulustan yarjejeniyar da aka m. Tuni a 1826, Farisa, ƙawãta da United Kingdom, keta yarjejeniya kai kafin, kaddamar da wani sabon Rasha-Persian yaki da cewa dade shekaru biyu suka kuma ƙare a wani shan kashi da ita.

Lokacin da bindigogi fadi shiru, da kuma himma shige daga soja zuwa kasashen, aka sanya hannu a yarjejeniya, mai lakabin Turkmenchay. A cewar ta articles, Rasha rike dukan ƙasar hakura da wani to shi kamar sakamakon da hannu guda goma sha uku da suka wuce Gulistan yarjejeniya. Haka kuma, shi samu a karkashin ta iko Nakhichevan da Erivan khanate, kazalika da yankin Gabas ta Armenia. An sani cewa a ci gaba da sharuddan da kwangila da hannu a shahara Rasha mawãƙi, marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo da kuma jami'in diflomasiyyar Aleksandr Sergeevich Griboedov.