Maganin rigakafi ne latest ƙarni na-m bakan

Daga cikin kwayoyi zauna da muhimmanci wuri na karshe ƙarni maganin rigakafi aiki da yawa germs. Suna amfani domin lura da cututtuka pathologies, wanda rage muhimmanci da mace-mace da marasa lafiya daga banal zuwa kwanan pneumonias da pyelonephritis. Saboda maganin rigakafi ga yuwuwa da kuma kara dawo da a mashako, sinusitis, kuma ya zama zai yiwu a yi hadadden m hanyoyin. Ko rauni cututtuka an samu nasarar bi da tare da maganin rigakafi.

Broad-bakan maganin rigakafi (ABSHS)

Wannan category hada antimicrobial jamiái aiki da gram-korau da gram-tabbatacce kwayoyin. A farko ne causative jamiái na hanji cututtuka, mai kumburi pathologies na urogenital da numfashi tsarin. Gram-tabbatacce kwayoyin fiye sa rauni cututtuka da kuma sasanta da ya faru na postoperative rikitarwa a tiyata.

List ABSHS daban-daban saki lokaci

Wasu m bakan kwayoyin na latest tsara su ne aiki da protozoal cututtuka. Misalai sun hada da nitroimidazole Kalam - tinidazole, metronidazole da ornidazole. The mafi yadu amfani metronidazole saboda affordability. Ya aji analogue - tinidazole - irin bakan da antimicrobial aiki, amma ba amfani parenterally. A general, duk kungiyoyin na m-bakan maganin rigakafi aka gabatar kamar haka:

• halitta penicillins.
• ingibitorzaschischennye aminopenicillin.
• pseudomonas penicillins, ciki har da ingibitorzaschischennye.
• cephalosporins III tsara cephalosporins IV tsara .
• aminoglycosides kungiyar.
• tetracycline rigakafi .
• macrolide maganin rigakafi.
• yawan carbapenem maganin rigakafi.
• chloramphenicol.
• fosfomycin.
• rifampin.
• dioxidine.
• sulfonamides.
• quinolones, fluoroquinolones.
• nitrofurans kungiyar.
• nitroimidazole maganin rigakafi jerin.

Wannan jerin ba ba da sunayen kungiyoyin na kunkuntar-bakan maganin rigakafi. Su ne musamman don a kananan yawan microbes kuma suna tasiri a kansu. kunkuntar-bakan kwayoyi ba za a iya amfani da magani daga superinfection kuma ba su amfani da empirically. Suna amfani da matsayin farko-line maganin rigakafi a wajabta pathogen.

A jerin baya ƙarnõni ABSHS

The sama antimicrobial jamiái ciki fadi da dama da kwayoyi. Wannan shi ne cikakken jerin kungiyoyin na abubuwa da aiki da gram-tabbatacce kuma gram-korau kwayoyin. Duk da haka, da jerin ƙunshi biyu da latest ƙarni na maganin rigakafi da kuma a farkon wakilan kungiyar. Na wakilan da latest ƙarnõni na sama suna da wadannan kungiyoyin da kwayoyi:

• aminopenicillin da suke resistant zuwa beta-lactamase ( "Sulbactam", "Ampicillin", "clavulanate" "Amoxicillin");
• cephalosporins ƙarnõnin III da IV ( "Cefotaxime" "Cefoperazone" "Ceftazidime" "ceftriaxone" "cefpirome" "Cefepime");
• tsara III aminoglycoside maganin rigakafi ( "Amikacin" "Netilmicin");
• 14- kuma 15-membered Semi-roba macrolides ( "Roxithromycin" "Clarithromycin," "Azithromycin");
• Halitta 16-membered macrolide maganin rigakafi ( "midecamycin");
• fluoroquinolones III da IV ƙarnõni ( "levofloxacin" "sparfloxacin" "Gatifloxacin" "Trovafloxacin" "Moxifloxacin");
• carbapenems ( "meropenem" "Imipinem-cilastatin" "Ertapenem");
• nitrofurans ( "Nitrofurantoin" "Furazidin", "ersefuril").

Maganin rigakafi cewa an cire daga jerin

Wadannan baya kare antipseudomonal penicillins da m bakan da aiki, duk da haka, amfani da kawai da P. aeruginosa a cikin ra'ayi na bukatar rage m lamba da latest ranar da m kwayoyin. Wannan ya hana hadarin miyagun ƙwayoyi-resistant kwayoyin. A mafi girma inganci da Pseudomonas kamuwa bayyana "tazobactam." Lokaci-lokaci "piperacillin:" da kuma "clavulanate:" amfani da matsayin latest ƙarni na maganin rigakafi ga ciwon huhu ya sa ta asibiti damuwa da pathogen.

Har ila yau a cikin jerin ne babu maganin rigakafi karshe tsara kungiyar na halitta da kuma anti-staphylococcal penicillins. Tsohon ba za a iya amfani da haƙuri magani saboda bukatar da m igiyar jini ko intramuscular gwamnati. Siffofin da damar su yi baki, ba ya wanzu. A irin wannan halin da ake ciki ya kasance da cephalosporins. Tare da wannan bakan aiki a matsayin penicillins, su ba za a iya gudanar da baki saboda rushewa a cikin ciki.

Cephalosporins da penicillins parenteral amfani - shi ne latest ƙarni na tasiri maganin rigakafi domin ciwon huhu. NASB masana kimiyya sun yi nasara a tasowa a sashi nau'i na enteral gwamnati. Duk da haka, bincike ya ba tukuna saka a cikin yi, kuma da dama daga kwayoyi za a iya amfani da kawai ya zuwa yanzu a cikin keken kiwon lafiya cibiyoyin.

Sosai tasiri maganin rigakafi ga yara

Binciko latest ƙarni na maganin rigakafi, da jerin kwayoyi shawarar ga yara, quntata muhimmanci. A cikin shimfiɗar jariri, za a iya amfani da wakilan da dama aminopenicillins ( 'Amoxicillin: "," clavulanate: "), cephalosporins (' Ceftriaxone:" "Cefepime:"), macrolides ( 'Azithromycin: "," midecamycin: "" Roxithromycin: "," Clarithromycin: "). Fluoroquinolone maganin rigakafi, carbapenems da nitrofurans ba za a iya amfani saboda zaluncin da ci gaban da kasũsuwa, ashe, hanta da koda yawan guba.

Tsarin nitrofurans ba amfani saboda rashin kimiyya dake tallafa cikin aminci daga cikin magani. The kawai togiya ne "furatsillina", dace da gida da magani daga raunuka. Modern da inganci sosai maganin rigakafi ga karshe ƙarni na yara ne kamar haka: macrolides, penicillins, cephalosporins (sunayen da kwayoyi da aka bã sama). Sauran rukunin na antimicrobial jamiái suna ba da shawarar saboda guba sakamako, kuma kwarangwal cuta.

ABSHS ga mata masu ciki

Kamar yadda FDA rarrabuwa (US), kawai 'yan daga cikin latest ƙarni maganin rigakafi za a iya amfani da magani na mata masu juna biyu, wanda shi ne sosai kananan jerin. Sun kasance a Categories A da B, cewa shi ne hatsarin su ba a tabbatar ko babu teratogenic effects a dabba da karatu.

Abubuwa da unproven effects on tayin, kazalika da gaban da mai guba sakamako za a iya amfani a yanayin saukan ruwan dare na warkewa sakamako a kan wani gefe (category C da D). Shirye-shirye X category bambanta tabbatar teratogenic effects on tayin, idan ya cancanta, saboda su yi amfani da dole zubar da ciki.

A lokacin daukar ciki, da wadannan maganin rigakafi karshe tsara m-bakan Allunan: kare aminopenicillin ( "Amoklav", "Amoxiclav"), cephalosporins ( "Cefazolin" "Ceftriaxone" "Cefepime"). Macrolides ( 'Azithromycin: "," Clarithromycin: "," midecamycin: "" Roxithromycin: ") an yarda a yi amfani da na uku trimester na gestation saboda gaskiyar cewa su teratogenic sakamako ba a cikakken nazari, da kuma rashin ba za a iya ainihin magana. Har ila yau, mata masu ciki a amince yin amfani da penicillin maganin rigakafi in babu allergies.

A amfani da maganin rigakafi da magani daga mashako

All maganin rigakafi karshe tsara m-bakan, a ka'idar, za a iya amfani da mashako da kuma ciwon huhu idan su pharmacodynamic halaye mafi kyau duka don wannan. Duk da haka, akwai ganiya makircinsu na m magani daga irin cututtuka. Su la'akari da bambancin nasara haduwa da antimicrobials tabbatar da fadi da ɗaukar hoto na da ake dasu damuwa.

Nitrofurans, nitroimidazole Kalam kuma sulfonamides m amfani a kumburi cututtuka na numfashi tsarin. A mafi nasara hade da mashako ko ciwon huhu, huhu kwarara aka kare macrolide da aminopenicillin ( "Amoklav" + "Azithromycin"). Tsawo mashako ya bukatar saduwa cephalosporin maimakon aminopenicillin ( "Ceftriaxone" + "Azithromycin"). A wannan makirci, da macrolide iya maye gurbinsu da wani analog aji: for "midecamycin" "Clarithromycin" ko "Roxithromycin".

Dukkan wadannan latest-tsara maganin rigakafi ga mashako da pronounced sakamako, ko da yake na asibiti alamun cuta na iya ci gaba da zama ba. Da littattafai na tasiri na magani - bayyanar tari da phlegm hankali tsabtace da kuma zazzabi taimako. A COPD kuma raunana dyspnea, ci inganta, rage tari mita sha'awa.

Tasiri magani na ciwon hakarkari

Ciwon huhu da m bi da a kan tushen da mashako, amma tare da yin amfani da cephalosporin da macrolide. Lokacin matsakaici to mai tsanani al'umma-samu ciwon huhu na asalin nada cephalosporin ( "Ceftriaxone" ko "Cefepime") daga wakilin wasu fluoroquinolones ( "Ciprofloxacin" ko "Levofloxacin"). Wadannan maganin rigakafi na karshe-tsara m bakan da kashe-microflora al'umma tsiwirwirinsu, da kuma sakamako na amfani da shi ne m a rana ta biyu da magani.

Yau latest ƙarni na maganin rigakafi domin ciwon huhu (sunan da aka ba sama) shafar pathogen, ta harshen damo da suppressing ko ya kashe shi. A farko abubuwa da ake kira bacteriostatic, bactericidal da kuma karshen kwayoyi. Cephalosporins, kuma fluoroquinolones aminopenicillin - bactericides, kuma macrolides - bacteriostats. Bugu da ƙari, hade da maganin rigakafi yi nufi ga ba kawai fadada cikin kewayon ayyuka, amma kuma ya cika tare da dokoki na hada daya miyagun ƙwayoyi da bactericidal bacteriostatic daya.

Jiyya na ciwon huhu mai tsanani a HITD

A m kula, inda a can na iya zama marasa lafiya da tsanani ciwon huhu da kuma wahala ciwo a kan bango na maye. Babban taimako ga mai tsanani daga cikin yanayin irin wannan marasa lafiya da ke sa pathogenic microflora cewa shi ne resistant ga mafi antimicrobials. A irin wannan yanayi, nema carbapenems ( "Imipinem-cilastatin," "Tienam", "Meropenem"), ba su da inganci don amfani a cikin outpatient saitin.

Jiyya na sinusitis da kuma sinusitis

Yau latest ƙarni na maganin rigakafi ga sinusitis ko sinus amfani da su kashe germs. A irin haka ne, daya na iya amfani da wani bactericidal kwayoyin. Duk da haka, idan sinus babban tsananin nan akwai damar yin amfani da shafin na antimicrobial kumburi. Saboda haka, da aka fi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi cephalosporin. An misali ne "Ceftriaxone" ko "Cefepime." Yana iya ma za a gudanar da fluoroquinolone III tsara - "Levofloxacin".

Jiyya na angina zamani antimicrobials

latest ƙarni na maganin rigakafi domin ciwon makogwaro aka nada don wannan manufa. Bugu da ƙari, da kuma a cikin sinus, kuma wannan anti-da ake dasu jamiái za a iya amfani a tonsillitis. Iyakar abin da bambanci shi ne cewa a cikin hali na kumburi da tonsils kuma za a iya amfani da magunguna iri iri, misali, "furatsillina" - da shiri na yawan nitrofurans. Ko da yake angina aminopenicillins kuma za a iya amfani nasarar kare sulbactam ko clavulanic acid ( "Amoklav" "Amoksiklav" "Ospamoks"). Kuma kwayoyi ya kamata a gudanar for 10-14 kwanaki.

Jiyya na pyelonephritis da kuma cututtuka na genitourinary tsarin

Saboda samu na urinary fili da microbes, da latest ƙarni na maganin rigakafi a pyelonephritis zama dole ga su magani. A mafi girma warkewa darajar nan ne cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones da nitrofurans. Cephalosporins ake amfani a gwada kasa mai tsanani pyelonephritis, kuma fluoroquinolones ( "Ciprofloxacin", "Levofloxacin", "Ofloxacin", "Moxifloxacin") - at tabarbarewar a bango da far.

A mafi nasara miyagun ƙwayoyi, dace da duka biyu monotherapy kuma domin hade tare da "Ceftriaxone" shi ne wakilin wani yawan nitrofurans - "FURAMAG"). Har ila yau quinolone za a iya amfani - "Nalidixic acid". Recent haifar da babban yawa a cikin fitsari da kuma masu aiki a kan causative jamiái na urinary cututtuka. Har ila yau, wani lokacin idan gardnelleze dysbacteriosis farji da kuma amfani da "Metronidazole".

Drug juriya da kuma tasirinta

Saboda da m canji a cikin kwayoyin abu na kwayoyin, yafi kwayoyin cuta, da yawa antimicrobial tasiri ne rage muhimmanci. Samun jure kwayoyi, kwayoyin shirya ikon tsira a jikin mutum ta hanyar shiga tsakani ƙasƙanci daga cututtuka. Wannan ya tilasta masu bincike zuwa nemi da kuma saka a cikin yi sabon maganin rigakafi karshe tsara.

A lokacin da wanzuwar antimicrobial jamiái raya for game da 7000 da abubuwa a cikin wani hanya aka yi amfani da magani. Mafi yawansu ba su fita daga yin amfani saboda wani asibiti muhimmanci illa ko saboda da saye da ake dasu zuwa adawa su. Saboda a yau a magani amfani da 160 kwayoyi. Game da 20 daga cikinsu - shi ne latest ƙarni na maganin rigakafi, waɗanda sunayensu sau da yawa ya bayyana a likitanci litattafan da antimicrobial far cututtuka.