Marubuci Fransua Rable: biography da ayyukansu

Fransua Rable (shekaru na rayuwa - 1494-1553) - da aka sani humanist marubuci asali daga Faransa. Ya samu a duk duniya daraja godiya ga labari "Gargantua da Pantagruel". Wannan littafin - wani encyclopaedic abin tunawa daga cikin Renaissance a Faransa. Qaryata asceticism na tsakiyar zamanai, nuna bambanci da kuma yawan dauki, Rabelais a grotesque image na hali, wahayi zuwa gare ta almara, ya bayyana humanist akida halayyar ta lokaci.

firist Career

Rabelais aka haife shi a Touraine, a 1494. Mahaifinsa m mallaki gidaje. Around 1510, Francois zama novice a sufi. Ya kawo alkawuransu a 1521. A cikin 1524-mita a Rabelais da aka kwace Greek littattafai. Gaskiyar cewa ai da ilimin tauhidi a lokacin da baza Protestantism m na Greek harshe, aka dauke karkata. Ya zai ba da dama ga fassara da Sabon Alkawari. Francois ya je da Benedictines, mafi m cikin wannan girmamawa. Duk da haka, a cikin 1530 ya yanke shawarar kwanta su da mutunci, kuma tafiya zuwa Montpellier zuwa karatu magani. A nan a 1532 Rabelais buga ayyukan Galen da Hippocrates, sanannen healers. Har ila yau, a Montpellier ya ya'ya biyu daga bazawara. Suka halatta a 1540 da wani doka Paparoma Paul IV.

likita aiki

Rabelais aka yarda ka zama a wadanda mutane firist, a 1536. Ya fara aikatawa magani. François a 1537 ya zama likita da lectured a kan kimiyya a Jami'ar Montpellier. Bugu da kari, shi ne na sirri likitan Cardinal Jean du Bellay. Rabelais sau biyu tare da manyan a Roma. Francois rayuwa patronized da m 'yan siyasa (M. Navarre, G. du Bellay), kazalika da manyan malaman addinin daga Musulmai masu sassaucin ra'ayi. Yana ajiye Rabelais a kan da dama al'amurran da suka shafi da zai iya kawo littafin na littafinsa.

The labari "Gargantua da Pantagruel"

Rabelais iske shi gaskiya kira a 1532. Matsahi na saba da "m littafin Gargantua", François bayar a kwaikwayo na ta "ci gaba" Sarki dipsodov Pantagruel. The title dogon daga cikin ayyukan Francois haifa sunan Jagora Alcofribas wanda zato rubuta wannan littafin. Alcofribas Naze - wani anagram hada da haruffa na surname da sunan Rabelais. Wannan littafi da aka yi Allah wadai da Sorbonne for batsa, amma masu sauraro yarda da shi tare da babbar sha'awa. The labari daga cikin Refayawa dadin yawa.

A 1534, da humanist Fransua Rable halitta wani littafi da daidai da dogon suna, wanda ya gaya game da rayuwar Gargantua. Wannan aiki ya kamata bi dabaru na farko, kamar yadda Gargantua - mahaifin Pantagruel. A 1546 ƙaramar akwai daya, da uku littafin. Yana da aka sanya hannu ne ba a pseudonym, kuma da sunan kansa Fransua Rable. Sorbonne kuma yi Allah wadai da wannan aiki domin karkatacciyar koyarwa. Wasu lokaci yana zuwa boye daga zalunci Fransua Rable.

Tarihinsa alama ta bazawa a 1548 na hudu littafin, shi ne ba tukuna cikakken. Full version bayyana a cikin 1552. A wannan lokaci ya yi allah wadai da Sorbonne bai daina. Wannan littafin ya fito ban na majalisar. Duk da haka, labarin da aka ɓõye ta har wani tasiri aboki na Francois. Karshe, na biyar littafin ya fito a 1564, bayan da mawallafin ta mutuwa. Mai bincike jãyayya da ra'ayi cewa ya kamata a kunshe a cikin aikin na Fransua Rable. Mafi m, ya rubuta storyline ya kammala daya daga cikin dalibai.

dariya Encyclopedia

Roman Francois - a real kundin sani na dariya. Ya ƙunshi dukkan nau'o'in comedy. Mu ne ba sauki kimanta da dabara irony Malamai marubucin na 16th karni, kamar yadda wani abu na izgili dogon tun daina wanzuwa. Duk da haka, masu sauraro Fransua Rable, lalle jin dadin da labarin game da library na St. Victor, inda marubucin parody (kuma sau da yawa na batsa) doke da sunaye masu yawa da treatises na tsakiyar zamanai: ". Codpiece hakkokin", "The iyakacin duniya na ceto", "The kyau kwarai halaye na tripe" da kuma et al. da masu bincike lura da cewa na da comic iri suna da farko hade tare da jama'a al'adu. Duk da haka, da aikin akwai wadanda na su siffofin da cewa za a iya dauke "cikakkar", ya iya tada dariya a kowane lokaci. Wadannan sun hada da, musamman, kome game da mutum Physiology. Ya zauna guda a kowane lokaci. Duk da haka, a cikin shakka daga tarihin canje-canje alaka physiological ayyuka. A musamman, a cikin hadisin da na jama'a da al'adun dariya a wani musamman wanda aka nuna "da hotunan da na ƙananan sashen dutsen" (wannan definition ya ba Rasha masanin M. M. Bahtin). Creativity Fransua Rable sun fi mayar bi wannan hadisi, wanda za a iya kira ambivalent. Wannan shi ne, wadannan hotunan cusa dariya, iya "makabarta da kuma farfado" a lokaci guda. Duk da haka, a cikin sabon lokaci, sun ci gaba da zama riga a cikin filin na low comedy. Akwai har yanzu da yawa funny jokes Panurge, amma sau da yawa ba za su iya karanta ko fiye ko žasa daidai fassara da amfani da kalmomin da ban da tsoro amfani Rabelais.

A karshe shekaru na rayuwar Rabelais

A karshe shekaru na rayuwar Fransua Rable tana tattare a cikin asiri. Ba mu san wani abu don wasu game da mutuwa, amma epitaphs Poets kamar Per De Ronsard da Zhak Tayuro. A farko daga cikin wadannan, ta hanyar, sauti sosai m, da kuma sautin ba karin to. Duka wadannan epitaphs aka kafa a 1554. Masu bincike yi imani da cewa a cikin 1553 ya rasu Fransua Rable. Tarihinsa ba ya samar da bayanai masu gamsarwa, ko game da inda aka binne shi wannan marubuci. An yi imani da cewa ya rage ake binne a Paris, a hurumi na St .. Paul.