"Matattu Rayukan": feedback a samfurin. "Matattu Rayukan" by Nikolai litattafan Gogol

Daya daga cikin manyan littattafai cewa N. V. litattafan Gogol rubuta - yana da "Matattu Rayukan". Reviews na da yawa Sahaban Nikolai, waɗanda suka san shi a hankali, sai ka ce cewa marubuci ne ba a ji na kai-da muhimmanci. Ya ga kansa, kamar yadda wani mutum wanda ake kira zuwa ga wasu manyan dalili.

A farko girma na waqe, kuma a kwafin

Shi ne wannan littafin da kuma ya zama babban taimako ga tarihin wallafe-wallafe. Litattafan Gogol aiki a kan shi ya fara a goma sha takwas shekara ɗari da talatin, bayan nasarar da littafan sa. Wannan shi ne wani lokaci na tsanani tattaunawa tare da marubuci Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym, wanda shawarar kaidin "Matattu Rayukan".

Nikolai ya katsalandan izni ga littafin na farko girma a cikin arba'in da biyu shekara na karni na 19th, ba tare da wahala. Wasu gyara da aka yi zuwa ga rubutu a Bugu da kari ga marubucin yake so. Canza sunan wannan waka ya. Duk da haka, littafin har yanzu zo ga mai karatu.

Sai aka buga a cikin Buga shagon na Moscow University. Marubuci da kansa ya kira littafin "Matattu Rayukan, ko The Kasadar Chichikov". Wannan ya ba da wasu daga cikin siffofin da kasada labari samfurin. Litattafan Gogol ya iya ko fito da look of your ɗaba'ar.

A binciken da library har yanzu kiyaye Pisarskaya kwafin, wanda shi ne bokan sanya hannu na Nikolai, wanda ya tabbatar da amincin rubutu. Kuma da republication na wani samfurin shi ne idan aka kwatanta da misali adana a cikin ganuwar da Moscow University.

A samfurin na "Matattu Rayukan". Reviews da zamani Genre

Tun da littafin da aka buga a karkashin lakabi "The Kasadar Chichikov, ko Matattu Rayukan", a mutunta mutane da yawa da shi, kamar dai shi ya kasance kamar wani kasada, wani haske labari cewa mai karatu ba kafa ga wani abu mafi girma. Wancan, da shi dakatar da waɗanda suka yanke shawarar canza suna.

A zamani da wallafe-wallafen masu bincike kan aikin "Matattu Rayukan" (sake bitar su yafi haƙiƙa fiye da da ra'ayi daga cikin Editocin, wanda ya zauna a wannan zamanin na litattafan Gogol), da farko na dukkan nuna cewa samfurin wajen sabon abu nadi - waka. Mai karatu na karni na sha tara amfani zuwa da cewa wannan salo da ya kamata a rubuta a cikin ayoyi kamar "Demon" ko "fursuna na Caucasus". Kuma Nikolai offers da litattafan. Kamar yadda Alexander baya bayar da babu kasa musamman halittar "Eugene Onegin", wanda shi ne wani labari, amma a ayar. Waɗannan ƙungiyõyi biyu ne na musamman ayyukan da suna da nasu, ko da abin da ba na son da salo.

Amma akwai kuma zamanin d waqe, da kuma addu'a bai daya akan littafinsa a cikin wannan salo, litattafan Gogol da aka mayar da hankali a kan tsoho model. A tunaninsa akwai wani babban-sikelin, duniya shiri na babban aiki wanda ya kunshi uku kundin.

Scale zane da kuma matsaloli na rayuwar yau da kullum haruffa

Don kwanan wata, da yawa saba da wannan gagarumin aiki da rubuta N. V. litattafan Gogol. "Matattu Rayukan" - a wajen girma, poetic halitta, a cikin abin da marubucin kokarin raira waƙa da dukan Rasha da ɗaukaka ta kasa ruhu. Ã'a, mafi yawansu duk buga da sãɓã wa jũnamai masu karatu abubuwa biyu: a daya hannun - wani babban-sikelin ikon yinsa, daga aiki, da kuma a kan wasu - wasu sayi 'yan kuɗi gida events na zamani da Rasha rayuwa.

Tare da juna kamar yadda idan bai dace. Ko farkon na waka buga wani m da kuma damuwa karkatarwa lokacin da mãkirci ne da tattauna wasu qananan cikakken bayani a kan ƙofar birni na littafin hali.

Ma'anar sunan da samfurin

Abin da underlies da take a littafin, wanda aka halitta da litattafan Gogol ( "Matattu Rayukan")? Bayan duk, rai ba zai iya zama matattu, ta ne m. Wannan lakabi daukawa mai paradox. Amma akwai wani muhimmanci sosai ga Nikolai muradi - An sayar da rai. A wannan yanayin, da zarar akwai wata kungiya tare da wata yarjejeniyar da shaidan.

Da jaraba, mugunta da kuma yin shaidanci a rayuwa - da cewa shi ne ba a cikin mafi talakawa events. Wannan shi ne abin da marubuci ya so ya jaddada a cikin "Matattu Rayukan", da abun ciki na wanda da farko duba ba saita mai karatu zuwa ga yin zurfin tunani. Domin fahimtar marubucin bane, shi wajibi ne don samun Masana kan hanyarsa na rubuce-rubuce.

A tsarin jari hujja, ko da baki na shaidan

Litattafan Gogol satirical yanayin da labari a "Matattu Rayukan" da aka sauri kama da Sahaban da zuriyarsa. Amma ga kaina Nikolai ne da farko wani sufi marubuci. Ga shi, da muhimmanci fiye da abin da ke faruwa a kan daidai ba gefen rayuwa.

Chichikov, lalle ya ne shaidan. Duk wanda ya sayayya wani rai. Kuma, misali, gonaki a "Matattu Rayukan", wanda kariminci warwatse ko'ina cikin littafin, su ne inconspicuous infernal haruffa. Ko "butar MUG" - wani magana da cewa jami'an teased a karni. Description quite a fili daidai siffar jahannama hancinsa.

Wannan yana da muhimmanci sosai. Litattafan Gogol ba kawai zarga jari hujja sani a Rasha, ya jaddada da cewa irin wannan tsarin - wannan shi ne kai tsaye kutse a cikin rayuwar mutane ta jahannama. Kuma da hotuna a "Matattu Rayukan" - a kai tsaye hujja.

Sale na matattu rãyukansu

All events faruwa a cikin aikin, kamar yadda idan ya bin Shari'ar. Wannan shi ne, har da wani sabon ƙidaya serf yawan bai faruwa, ba wanda ya san abin da wadannan mutane suke matattu. Saboda haka, suna da cikakken bin doka samu live.

Duk da rashin tausayi daga cikin wadannan hanyoyin, suna aikata dukan lokaci. Kuma da mutane suka tashi daga daya hannunka zuwa wani, kamar yadda abubuwa. Wannan shi ne abin da ake so ya jaddada litattafan Gogol. "Matattu Rayukan" - wani aiki ne ba tare da dalili sukar ba kawai rashin daidaito na mutane, amma kuma ginin da kanta ne ajizai ne, ba a wancan lokacin a Rasha.

Rashin dabaru, ko da phantasmagoric duniya

Da dama inconsistencies haifar da rashin dabaru a cikin abubuwan da suka faru. Daga farko page mai karatu yana nutsa cikin wasu phantasmagoric duniya inda riga shi ne tabbas ko akwai dokokin da dabaru, gaskiya, ko ba Rasha, da kuma ta inuwa. Wasu tushensu, otherworldly sarari inda duk recognizable kuma duk da haka juyawa. Saboda haka sami tabbaci grand zane cewa aiwatuwa a ya halitta, NV Litattafan Gogol. "Matattu Rayukan" sun ga kunshi uku kundin, kuma kowane daga cikinsu zai nuna wani dalĩli: Jahannama, A'araf da Aljanna. Kuma na farko girma - wannan na gidan wuta, otherworldly, purl Rasha gefe.

Haruffa m samfurin

Kuma da tambaya nan da nan taso: "Waɗanne irin mutane rayuwa a cikin irin wannan duniya?" Amsa masa quite wuya. Mutane da yawa daga cikin haruffa a wani aiki kullum ba su da sunaye, wasu suna da, amma suna magana, mu koma karatu ga comedy.

Litattafan Gogol ne gallery na daban na mutane. Kowace daga cikinsu wakiltar wani mutum hali hali. Alal misali, Manilow - daydreaming, kafafen hancinsa - a rollicking, m latitud, Plyushkin - yãƙi. Amma gidan haya a "Matattu Rayukan" gani yafi da basest halaye da suke ba a cikin al'umma.

A gaban da biography daga cikin haruffa aiki

Yawa litattafan Gogol dogara a kan ko akwai wani biography na gwarzo, ko ba. Daga wannan, na farko, da kuma ya dogara ga ta halaye. "Matattu Rayukan" yana da wata babbar yawan haruffa, amma kowanne na da prehistory.

Manilow Game da marubucin ya ce ya ke yi aure game da shekaru takwas. Game da Sobakevich kadan more, amma game da Chichikov da Iliya yana gaya a babban daki-daki. Ba wai kawai abin da suka kasance a yanzu, amma kuma game da su da kuma ko da suna yara shekaru. Sun fadi a kasa da sauran heroes of samfurin, amma a kan falsafar Nikolai Vasilyevich wanda ke nufin cewa ba za su iya har yanzu sami ceto, suna da zurfin. Yana da wannan da tabbatar da biography a cikin aikin.

Idan ka dauki wadanda masu karatu wanda farko samu matsahi na saba da aiki na "Matattu Rayukan", da sake dubawa kuma ra'ayoyin na yarda da cewa Chichikov hali ne mafi m. Ko yana da lafiya mai kasada, ko da personification infernal jaraba. Shakka yana da wuya a ce.

Digression a cikin halittar litattafan Gogol

Muhimmanci isasshen halin yanzu a cikin littafin na Nikolai lyrical digressions, kai tsaye magani na riwayan ga mai karatu. Kuma daya daga cikin mafi daukan hankali shi ne kawai a karshen na farko girma na "Matattu Rayukan".

Ga sauti da sanannen litattafan Gogol ta tambaya: "Rasha, inda kuke kawo!" Amma amsar wannan ra'ayi ba. Kuma wannan shirun ne sosai m tsirkiya a karshen samfurin. Bugu da ari hanyar Rasha ne m. Da kuma yadda shi ne mai yiwuwa a hango ko hasashen idan a kasar inda a jahannama, da sãlihai, da real da dama don haka intricately intertwined.

Wannan aikin sa mafi sabanin martani domin a Rasha a lokacin riga keenly ji bukatar for gyara, na kauda tashe serfdom da kofur azãba. Kuma Nikolai ce ƙarfi game da bukatar da halin kirki da ilimi na kowane memba na jama'a.