Matsaloli na ainihi na dokar laifuka (APPM)

Duk da ci gaban da aka samu a tattalin arziki, matakin da ake yi a Rasha bai rage ba. Bayan shekara ta 2005 babu wani mummunan annobar aikata laifuka, amma duk da haka matakin cin zarafi a cikin Rasha bai bada fata ga fatawa ba. Ɗaya daga cikin dalilai na isasshen aiki a game da laifukan aikata laifuka shi ne ƙetare cikin al'amuran doka.

Matsaloli na gaskiya na doka ta doka za a iya raba zuwa manyan kungiyoyi masu yawa. Kowannensu yana buƙatar ƙarin bayani da tsaftacewa.

Matsalar batun manufar abu

Ana buƙatar matsalolin laifuffukan da ake bi don magance laifuka a matsayin tsarin rikici tsakanin jihar da 'yan ƙasa. Daya daga cikin mahimman bayanai a cikin wannan tsari shine aiwatar da bayanin laifin aikata laifuka a matsayin tushen dalilin cancantar laifin.

An tsara rukunan abin da aka aikata a cikin karni na XIX. Bayan haka, ayyukan AF Kistyakovskii, VD Spasovich da sauransu sun bayyana a cikin manema labaru, suna mai da hankali kan matsalar zabar abin da aka aikata. A halin yanzu, halin da ake ciki na aikata laifuka ya ci gaba da zama a matsayin kafa na hukumomin gwamnati, wanda, sakamakon laifin, ya haifar da lalacewa. Matsaloli na yau da kullum na laifin laifuka da kuma aikata laifuka ana kiran su don la'akari da rikice-rikice na kungiyoyi daban-daban na zamani. Daga cikin waɗannan cibiyoyin, mafi mahimmanci shine:

• Mutum, 'yancinsa da dama;
• Matsayin zamantakewa, amfani, bukatun;
• Masu zaman kansu, jama'a, mallakar jihar;
• Tsaro na jama'a da kuma tsari;
• Yanayin;
• Jihar da bukatunsa.

Cin da kowane daga cikinsu yana haifar da rashin daidaituwa tsakanin adalci, kamar yadda 'yan ƙasa suka fahimta, da kuma wajibi, kamar yadda jihar ke fahimta. Kuma maɓallin rikice-rikicen da ke tsakanin tsarin adalci da shari'a suna magana ne game da muhimman batutuwa na doka a gaba ɗaya. Gaba ɗaya, zamu iya la'akari da laifin aikata laifin cin zarafin duk wani hakikanin bukatun wanda aka azabtar a sakamakon sakamakon (ko rashin aiki) na sauran mutane. Amma musamman, ma'anar wannan abu yana da nasaba da ka'idar ka'idar. Alal misali, kare mutuncin mutum ta mutum ɗaya zai iya kallo ta hanyar tsarin rayuwar jama'a ko kuma ta'addanci. Yin amfani da karfi a tsare yana iya zama barazana daga ra'ayin dan sanda, amma mai tsare yana iya ganin wannan a matsayin cin zarafi. Akwai misalai irin wannan. Wannan lamari yana la'akari da lauyoyin da ke nazarin matsaloli na yau da kullum game da ka'idar laifuka.

Dokar da tsari

Matsalolin matsalolin dokar shari'ar na kara rage yawan aikin lauyoyi a cikin wadannan yankuna:

• Matsalar ta'addanci da kuma manufar ci gabanta;
• Amincewa da hanyar da ake tuhuma da dokokin duniya;
• Matsalar tara bayanai;
• Kotu a kotun; Dokokin fasaha, yanke hukunci;
• Hanyar neman hukunci na shari'a: hanya don yin rajistar cassations, roko;
• Sake sake dubawa game da aikata laifuka dangane da sababbin yanayi;
• Matsayi na nadawa da kuma gudanar da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, janyo hankalin likitoci na waje.

Yin aikin aikata laifuka

Kimiyyar shari'a ta zamani ta bada shawarar yin aiki mai karfi a cikin jagorancin jagorancin fikihu da kuma aiwatar da hanyoyi daban-daban da ke taimakawa wajen daidaitawa da yin amfani da dokokin da ke ciki, da takaddama da ka'idojinta, wanda ke wakiltar shari'ar laifin zamani. Matsalolin ka'idoji da ka'idoji na yau da kullum ana tattauna su a tarurruka daban-daban na shari'a, inda lauyoyi su sami wasu maganganu na musamman ga wata matsala ta musamman da kuma samar da hanyoyi masu dacewa don amfani da waɗannan maganganu a aikace.

Ƙayyadewa da ma'anar kisan kai

Tsarin al'ada na yau da kullum sun hada da raguwa da rayuwa zuwa ayyukan da ya fi sauƙi, wanda ke nufin cewa karin lokaci da ƙoƙari ya kamata ya kasance don rigakafin wannan laifi fiye da wani aiki. Da farko kallo, lissafin tabbatar da ƙi da kisan kai, amma ya gaske haka? An tsara matakan matsalolin laifuka don ba da amsa ga wannan tambaya.

Harkokin majalisa na yanzu suna riƙe da bayanan kisan kai a kan gaskiya, amma ba yawan wadanda ke fama ba. Saboda haka, kashe mutum goma za a rarraba bisa ga fassarar "a" da "e" na Sashe na 2 na Art. 105 (kashe mutum biyu ko fiye da aka aikata a cikin hanyar haɗari). A lokaci guda, kididdigar kashe-kashen ba su hada da mummunan rauni ga wanda aka kama ba, wanda ya mutu. Baya ga kulawar 'kididdigar' 'mummunan' '' ', akwai mutane da yawa wadanda suka shiga cikin labarin "mutane bace" da dai sauransu.

Yawan hukumomin tilasta bin doka

Ɗaya daga cikin rikice-rikicen da ya fi zafi a cikin al'umma shi ne adawa tsakanin hukumomin bin doka da aikata laifuka a general. Hanyoyin zamani na aikata laifuka a yau ba za su iya amsawa har kashi uku na laifuffukan aikata laifuka ba. Idan an yi rajistar laifuffuka don kowane sharadin da aka gano, tsarin zai lalata. Wannan rikitarwa za a iya warware ta ta hanyar ƙara yawan ma'aikatan masana'antar shari'a ta jihar - masu bincike, 'yan sanda, masu gabatar da kara, alƙalai.

Matsaloli mai yiwuwa ga matsalar

Amma ƙasarmu tana da matsayi mafi girma a duniya dangane da yawan ma'aikatan jami'an tsaro. Me yasa wannan tsarin baiyi aiki ba? Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin saɓani da aka dauka don sake magance matsalolin da ke faruwa a halin yanzu na dokar laifin Rasha, kuma wannan batun ya kamata a warware shi da wuri-wuri. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a magance matsalar ita ce fadada jerin 'yanci ga' yan ƙasa (wato, cewa doka ta haramta ciwo, wannan ba zai kasance ba). Wani madadin wannan zabin zai iya kasancewa rigakafi na laifuffuka - abin da lauyoyi suke yanzu a wasu ƙasashe na duniya.

Cinwanci da kuma alhaki

Matsaloli na ainihi na dokokin Shari'a na Rasha sun yi alhakin tambayoyin sirrin mai laifi. Gaskiyar ita ce, a ƙasashenmu na sirri na sirri an haɗa shi da irin wannan ra'ayi kamar cin hanci da rashawa.

Don halakar da wannan duumvirate ya kamata ya zama tsarin yin amfani da doka. A cikin shekaru 15-20 da suka wuce, yaki da cin hanci da rashawa bai wuce ba game da shi. Kudaden da ake kashewa a kan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, zaunar da su a aljifai na jami'an a uniform. Ci gaban cin hanci da rashawa, wanda ya kamata a rushe a farkon, ya shafe dukan cibiyoyi na gwamnati da iko. Wadanda aka kira su don yin yaki da kyau a kan rinjayar kuɗi da haɗin kai suna zuwa matsayi ne kawai don cika aljihunsu. Amma a yau za a iya cewa kasarmu ta rasa wannan yaki kuma tana jagorantar da jerin sunayen ƙasashe masu cin hanci da rashawa a duniya.