Mazugi tashi kara shuke-shuke. Educational zane

The shuke-shuke girma cikin rãyukansu, kuma wannan ikon halin bambanta su daga dabbobi. Babban rawa a cikin samuwar sabuwar harbe girma batu taka - musamman tsarin inda Kwayoyin suna kullum rarraba. Wannan sashi an located a kan fi na koda, kazalika a koli na babban tushe. Yadda shuke-shuke sarrafa su ci gaba da girma?

Mazugi Yunƙurin: abin da yake da shi da kuma abin da yake da rawar?

A da na fi tushe da kuma tushen shuke-shuke ne na musamman yankin division, wanda aka kafa meristem Kwayoyin. A fasalin da wannan shuka nama ne da ikon ci gaba da hanzari raba, wadda take kaiwa zuwa wani karuwa a dukan jiki gabobin a tsawon kuma kauri.

Educational zane ne ma located a kan fi na kore koda. A gaskiya, da dalilin da ya sa daya daga gare su, kuma akwai sabon harbe, wanda da damar da shuka don mika kan wani babban yanki da kuma samun karin hasken rana domin photosynthesis. Akwai iri uku koda: m, a kaikaice da adventitious. A farko located a koli na shuka, da kuma da batu na girma damar jiki zuwa girma a tsawon. Kaikaice buds ake samu a akwati da ke da alhakin sashe, watau samuwar gefen harbe. Adventitious buds suna dauke dormant da kuma kunna lokacin tsaya a saman da meristem raba.

Mene ne girma mazugi? Da fari dai, shi ne kafa ta sel da meristem, wanda raba hanzari da baya shibtar dukan sauran kyallen takarda. Abu na biyu, da ci gaban yankin dake kusa da rudimentary zangarniya, ganye da kuma rudimentary rudimentary toho, wanda zai samar da tushen ga samuwar wani matashi runaway.

Mazugi tashi tushe da kuma tushen

Educational nama ne mai karfi da farko a kan fi na shuke-shuke, da cewa shi ne a cikin koli na kara da tip na tushen. A kara ne kamar haka, a matsayin tushen, kara da tsawon saboda rabo daga mesodermal Kwayoyin. A karshen, bi da bi, shi ne a kan aiwatar da tabbatar da dalilin samar da sabuwar salula iri da kyallen takarda. A kara ne conductive masana'anta (xylem da phloem), ainihin masana'anta, da sutura, da sauransu. D.

tushen ci gaban auna yana da halaye. Tun da shi ne a tushen karshen kuma shi ne alhakin girma a tsawon, da m gona zai sauri halaka bakin ciki ganuwar ilimi nama Kwayoyin, wanda zai dakatar da fission tsari. Saboda haka, a kan division zone ne tushen hula, wanda Kwayoyin suna sloughed kashe tare da ƙasa, sa'an nan kare m sel mesodam da ya zama ruwan dare mucous abubuwa da taimakawa, wajen shuka Gabar tip karkashin kasa.

Meristem - shuka nama ilimi

Masana'anta, yin sama da girma na girma buds, mai tushe da kuma tushen, aka sani a matsayin "meristem". Wannan ilimi masana'anta da aka hada da kananan bakin ciki-hananna Kwayoyin, wanda da manyan kwaya da kuma da yawa kananan vacuoles. Meristem aiki - wannan m cell division da karuwa a biomass shuke-shuke.

Sarrafawa meristem kasu kashi apical, a kaikaice da intercalary.

• Apical meristems suna located a tukwici na mai tushe da asalinsu. Su main aiki shi ne kara tsawon na shuka.
• Side ilimi masana'anta zobe wakilta cambium a cikin tushe da kuma tushen pericycle. A wannan meristem herbaceous shuke-shuke da aka hanzari bace, da kuma a perennial woody shi ne cewa ya sa ya yiwu don kara da tushen ci gaban a fadin. A sakamakon kaikaice meristem kafa da ake kira shekara-shekara zobba.

• Intercalary, ko intercalary, meristem ne a yankin na herbaceous shuke-shuke nodes. Mafi alhħrin, irin wannan ilimin da aka bayyana a cikin masana'anta na iyali na hatsi, kamar yadda alhakin karuwa a tsawon na interstices.

Har ila yau ware rauni meristems, an kafa a wuri na inji lalacewar shuka jiki ta hanyar despecialization kewaye nama (yawanci parenchyma).

By lokacin abin da ya faru na meristem kasu kashi Firamare. A farko nau'i na amfrayo ta jiki, da kuma karshen an riga an lura a matasa shuke-shuke kafa.

Amfani da fasali na meristem a yi

Wani lokaci dabbobi ko gonar shuke-shuke fara girma cikin sauri a cikin tsawon, ba sashe daga cikin kananan gefen harbe. Don kauce wa wuce kima kara girma a tsawo, sun koma ga kaciya ta saman. A sakamakon haka, ci gaban mazugi vuya, da kuma shuka fara rayayye sashe saboda gefen gusset kuma kodan.

Idan, a akasin haka, shi ne zama dole tsawanta da aiwatar da girma a tsawon, datsa saman da kara a wani hali ba zai yiwu ba. Wannan zai kai ga asarar da ilimi nama cewa shi ne alhakin da karuwa a cikin shuka jiki.

ƙarshe

Mazugi Rise taka wata muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban da Flora. An kafa ta a cikin sel na meristem, ko ilimi masana'anta, wanda halitta wani sabon apical kuma a kaikaice harbe. Mazugi ne Yunƙurin a kodan, wanda kare meristem daga yanayi. A gaskiya, wani toho bada Yunƙurin zuwa wani sabon gudu bayan rabo da mesodam Kwayoyin.