Mene ne boreal gandun daji? Coniferous gandun daji na taiga: description, Flora da fauna

The most halitta yanki a Rasha ne taiga. Coniferous gandun daji iya amincewa a da ake kira "huhu na Duniya", domin shi ne daga gare su dogara a kan Jihar iska, oxygen balance da carbon dioxide. Ga sun mayar da hankali da arziki da albarkatun katako, ma'adinai adibas, da yawa daga abin da suke bude wannan rana.

Location a Rasha

Wide tsiri da aka yada a kasar, da taiga. Coniferous gandun daji rufe da yawa daga Siberia (Gabas, West), da Urals, da Baikal yankin, Far East da Altai duwãtsu. Asalin da zone daukan kan Rasha ta yamma, shi ya zuwa Pacific Ocean - Japan da kuma Okhotsk tekuna.

Coniferous gandun daji na taiga da iyaka da sauran yanayin zones. A arewa, suna a hade tare da tundra, a yamma - tare da m-Leaved gandun daji. A wasu birane a can ne mahada daga cikin taiga da steppe da kuma gauraye gandun daji.

Location a Turai

Coniferous taiga gandun daji rufe ba kawai Rasha, amma kuma wasu kasashen waje. Daga cikin su - da kasashen na Scandinavia, Canada. A duniya taiga iri-iri zauna a sararin ƙasa kuma an dauki mafi girma a yankin a duniya.

A iyakar biome aka located a wajen gefen kudu na tsibirin Hokkaido (Japan). A arewacin gefen aka daure Taimyr. Wannan tsari ne saboda da manyan matsayi na taiga-mafi tsawo a cikin sauran halitta yankunan.

sauyin yanayi

Close biome aka located in biyu climatic zones - temperate da subarctic. Wannan ya bayyana iri-iri na yanayin yanayi a cikin gandun daji. A temperate sauyin yanayi na samar da dumi rani. The talakawan zafin jiki na da wata halitta yanki a lokacin rani ne 20 digiri a sama sifili. Cold Arctic iska rinjayar da kwatsam canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki da kuma rinjayar da boreal winters, iska iya nan za a sanyaya zuwa 45 digiri kasa sifili. Bugu da kari, da sokin iska lura a duk lokatai na shekara.

Coniferous taiga gandun daji ne halin da high zafi saboda da wuri a cikin marshland da low volatility. A lokacin rani mafi daga cikin hazo da dama a cikin hanyar kananan da kuma ruwa sosai. A cikin hunturu mai yawa snow - da kauri da ta Layer ne 50-80 santimita, ba narkar da shi ga 6-7 watanni. A Siberia akwai permafrost.

Features

Babbar, mafi tsawo da kuma arziki halitta yankin - da taiga. Coniferous gandun daji rufe goma sha biyar murabba'in kilomita miliyan na ƙasar yankin na Duniya! Da nisa daga cikin zone a Turai na 800 kilomita, a Siberia - fiye da 2 kilomita dubu.

Formation na taiga gandun daji ya fara a karshe zamanin, kafin da kuma narkewa glaciers. Duk da haka, cikakken bincike na halaye na yankin da kuma samu kawai a 1898 godiya ga P. N. Krylovu, wadanda suke fassara manufar "Taiga", da kuma tsara da manyan halaye.

Musamman arziki biome tafkunan. Ga fãra shahara Rasha kõguna - da Volga, Lena, Kama, Northern Dvina da sauransu. Haye taiga Yenisey kuma Likitan mata. A coniferous gandun daji na Rasha ta most tafki located - Fraternal, Rybinsk, Kama. Bugu da kari, a cikin gandun daji akwai mutane da yawa a karkashin kasa ruwaye, wanda ya bayyana da predominance na dausayi (musamman a arewacin Siberia da kuma Kanada). Godiya ga m sauyin yanayi da kuma isassun hydration, a nan akwai da saurin ci gaban da shuka duniya.

taiga subzone

Nature Area ne zuwa kashi uku sub-zones, waxanda suke da daban-daban yanayin damina, Flora da fauna.

• Arewa. Halin da wani sanyi sauyin yanayi. A nan, cikin matsananci winters da sanyi kuma lokacin bazaar. Babbar yankunan ƙasar shagaltar da marshland. Gandun daji a mafi yawan lokuta, undersized, akwai matsakaici-sized spruce, Pine.
• Average. Halin da moderation. A sauyin yanayi ne temperate - dumi bazara, sanyi, amma ba m winters. Bogs jam'i na daban-daban. High zafi. Bishiyoyi al'ada tsawo, mafi yawa tsiro spruce-bilberry.
• Ta Kudu. Ga can ne mafi bambancin Fauna da Flora, coniferous gandun daji. Taiga admixture ya Leaved itatuwa da kuma broadleaf jinsunan. A sauyin yanayi ne dumi, daban-daban zafi lokacin bazaar, wanda yana da kusan watanni hudu. Rage waterlogging.

gandun daji iri daban-daban

Dangane da ciyayi da dama iri taiga. Babban wadanda su ne haske coniferous da coniferous gandun daji. Tare da itatuwa akwai fadamun cewa ka fito a shafin na deforestation.

• Coniferous irin. Yafi rarraba a Siberia. Haka kuma an samu a cikin wasu yankunan (Urals, Canada). Located in a sharply nahiyar sauyin yanayi zone, halin da mahara hazo da kuma m yanayin yanayi. Daya daga cikin na kowa nau'in bishiyoyi ne Pine - heliophilous wakilin taiga. Wadannan gandun daji ne fili da kuma haske. Larch - wani na kowa irin. Woods tukuna wuta fiye Pine. da itatuwa bambanta rare, don haka irin wannan "thickets" ji na bude karkara.
• Dark coniferous irin - ya fi na kowa a arewacin Turai, da kuma dutsen jeri (Alps, da Altai Mountains, da Carpathians). Da karkararta aka located in a temperate dutsen sauyin yanayi, halin high zafi. Yana aka mamaye fir da spruce, shi ne ƙasa da na kowa Juniper, duhu coniferous Pine.

kayan duniya

Back a cikin farkon karni na 19th, babu daya shared halitta yankunan, da kuma su bambance-bambance da peculiarities ba da aka sani. Abin farin, to date, da labarin kasa da aka yi karatu a daki-daki, kuma duk dole bayanai ne akwai. Taiga coniferous gandun daji - itatuwa, shuke-shuke, shrubs ... Mene ne halayyar da kuma ban sha'awa Flora wannan yanki?

A cikin dazuzzuka - m ko babu undergrowth, wanda shi ne saboda rashin haske, musamman a cikin duhu thickets. Akwai uniformity gansakuka - kamar yadda mai mulkin, akwai za a iya samu ne kawai a kore bayyanar. Girma shrubs - currants, Juniper da Dwarf shrubs - cranberries, blueberries.

Forest irin dogara da yanayin damina. Don yamma na taiga ne halin da dominance na spruce kuma Siberian. A mountainous yankunan tsiro spruce-fir gandun daji. Don gabas kara da tari larches. Okhotsk Coast na arziki bambancin da nau'in bishiyoyi. Bugu da kari ga wakilan na conifers, shi ne fraught tare da taiga da deciduous itatuwa. Mixed gandun daji an hada da Aspen, alder, Birch.

A fauna daga cikin taiga

A fauna daga cikin taiga coniferous gandun daji ne bambancin kuma na musamman. Yana gida fadi da dama na kwari. Babu inda akwai da yawa furry critters, ciki har da ermine, Sable, zomo, weasel. Yanayin damina ne m ga mazauna gida dabbobi, amma unacceptable for banda kisan gillar tãlikai. A cikin gandun daji sanaki kawai 'yan jinsunan halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Su low yawan hade da tsanani hunturu. Sauran mazaunan sun saba da sanyi kakar. Wasu daga cikin su shiga cikin rashin himma, ko dakatar da tashin hankali, da su ikon zama braked.

Abin da dabbobi rayuwa a cikin coniferous gandun daji? Taiga, inda da yawa mafaka ga dabbobi da kuma wani yawa na abinci, halin da gaban yara kamar Lynx, ruwan kasa bear, kerkẽci, fox. Live nan ungulates - barewa, bison, Elk, barewa. A kan rassan bishiyoyi da kuma karkashin su zama hakori - beavers, squirrels, beraye, chipmunks.

tsuntsãye

A thickets gida fiye da 300 jinsunan tsuntsaye. A musamman iri-iri lura a gabashin taiga - shi ne gida da itace takaddamarsu, Hazel takaddamarsu, da dama jinsunan owls da woodpecker. Gandun daji ne halin da high zafi da yawa tafkunan, don haka a nan ne musamman m kowa waterfowl. Wasu wakilan coniferous expanses yi ƙaura a cikin hunturu zuwa kudu, inda yanayi ne mafi m zama. Daga gare su, Siberian thrush da gandun daji songster.

Mutumin a cikin gandun daji

Human aiki ne ba ko da yaushe m zuwa jihar yanayi. Wurare da dama a gobara sa da rashin kula da kuma m mutane, deforestation da kuma hakar ma'adinai gubar zuwa wani rage a cikin size na dabba duniya gandun daji.

Daukana berries, namomin kaza, kwayoyi - hankula aji, mashahuri a cikin gida, yawan, wanda aka sani ga kaka taiga. Coniferous gandun daji ne mai babbar maroki na itace albarkatu. Ga akwai manyan adibas na albarkatun (mai, iskar gas, kwal). Saboda da m da m kasar gona, a kudancin yankunan raya aikin noma. Rarraba da dabba kiwo da kuma farauta na dabbobin daji.