Mene ne fiber? Iri da kuma asalin

A farko ra'ayin abin da zare, mu dawo a makaranta ilmin halitta darussa. A wani m ji, ya nuna mafi janar yanayi tare da girmamawa ga musamman, wannan ra'ayi ne cewa aji na kayan kunshi filaments ko Kwayoyin.

Muscle fiber - shi ne mai tsarin naúrar na tsoka nama, wanda shi ne wani Multi-core cell, wanda ya ƙunshi babban adadin sauran Kwayoyin cewa zai iya zama da shuka, dabbobi, ma'adinai, ko roba asalin.

Asali daga Tsohon Slavonic

Asalin kalmar "fiber" haɗawa tare da Old Slavonic "vlakno". Wannan kalma ta wanzu a cikin zamani Bulgarian da Czech da Basulake, Serbian. Tare da kadan karin lafazi bambancin da aka samu a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland - wlOkno. Akwai related ra'ayi a cikin tsohuwar India: valkas, wanda ke nufin "haushi".

A cikin Rasha da harshen a cikin lexical naúrar ya canza a sakamakon wasali: OLO-LA. Tun da "fiber" - kalmar ƙamus, ta kuskure to tuna.

Don samun wani ra'ayin abin da fiber a matsayin abu rarrabuwa, mukalli ra'ayoyi.

Auduga da kuma Bast

Zaruruwa na kayan lambu asalin hada da auduga da kuma Bast. Thin auduga thread mai rufi da auduga tsaba. Sun kunshi yafi (94%) na cellulose, da saura zama ruwa, pectin, m, waxy, ash abubuwa (ma'adinai abinci abubuwa dauka daga ƙasa ta shuka).

Don gane da abin da yake asalin da auduga fiber, yana yiwuwa, la'akari da su a karkashin wani hange. Za mu gani a lebur ya kumshe wadansu abubuwan kintinkiri da tubules cika da iska.

Wadannan yarns ne hygroscopic, zafi resistant, da high karko tare da girmamawa ga alkalis. Idan auduga don ya ƙona, shi smelled ƙona takarda.

Don korau halaye hada low elasticity da kuma rashin zaman lafiya zuwa acid.

Bast zaruruwa samu daga flax kara. Suna elongated a tsawon Kwayoyin tare da nuna iyakar. A gicciye-sashe da siffar wani Pentagon. A mafi girma yawan abun da ke ciki - cellulose (80%) kuma sauran percentages fada wa mai, canza launi, waxy ma'adinai impurities kuma lignin. A gaban lignin imparts ta ƙara ƙarfi. A high thermal watsin sa na lilin ne ko da yaushe sanyi ga tabawa.

Zaruruwa na dabba asalin

Goat, da na tumaki, da raƙuma, da sauran gashi da na halitta siliki zaruruwa ne dabbobi, kunsha na uku yadudduka: matsanancin flake, primary cortical Layer kuma da zuciyar, wanda aka located in tsakiyar filament.

Akwai 4-daban na ulu zaruruwa:

• crimped bakin ciki - fluff.
• tsaka-tsaki gashi - gicciye tsakanin wani kashin baya da kuma saukar.
• m da kuma kadan crimped - kashin baya.
• short-gaggautsa fiber - matattu gashi.

Dangane da iri da kuma irin na thread rarrabe ulu daga bakin ciki, wadda ake amfani da yin high quality ulu kayayyakin, to m, amfani domin yin zane da kuma ji. Ulu ne iya riƙe zafi da kuma shi ne hygroscopic. Lokacin da ta bayyana kona wari da hadayu na gashinsa.

A mafi sauki halitta zaruruwa - siliki. Samun shi daga rafta na silkworm caterpillars.

Biyu sunadaran - fibroin da sericin - wani bangare ne na rafta thread. Halitta siliki muhimmi softness, smoothness, high hygroscopicity, low creasing. Disadvantages ne high Twisted yarn shrinkage da zafi kadan juriya. Silk ne mai muhimmanci da albarkatun kasa domin yi haske rani tufafi.

roba yarn

Mene ne fiber roba asali, za a iya gane da dudduba su yanayi. Su ake samar da sinadaran kira daga monomers, Ina nufin low kwayoyin nauyi abubuwa. Wannan samar da roba polymers. A albarkatun kasa domin nailan, Dacron, acrylic, crimplene, siliki acetate ne kayayyakin daga cikin aiki da kwal, man fetur da kuma iskar gas. Wadannan fiber yarns mallaka high ƙarfi, low shrinkage da wrinkling, duk da haka, ba su hygroscopic.

A iri-iri na polymer Properties, da yiwuwar ya bambanta su, kazalika da samuwan raw kayan su ne ihisani ga ci gaban roba zaruruwa samar.

sinadaran zaruruwa

Suna samu ta hanyar sarrafa wannan roba abubuwa irin polyamides, polyesters da halitta kayan: cellulose, sunadarai, casein, da sauransu. A albarkatun kasa na wadannan zaruruwa ne auduga sharar gida, daban-daban karafa, gilashin, mai kayayyakin, da kwal.

Rayon ne daya daga cikin na farko zaruruwa da sunadarai asalin, yarda da sikelin masana'antu samar. An samu ta hanyar zalunta itace ɓangaren litattafan almara da sunadarai.

Daya daga cikin manyan disadvantages na viscose fiber ne wani babban creasing. Don rage wannan quality shi ne hõre wata sinadaran gyara. A sakamakon haka ne polynosic fiber, kama dogon matsakaitan auduga.