Mene ne Numismatics: definition. kimiyya numismatics

Mutane da yawa mamaki da abin da numismatics. A definition wannan lokaci, kazalika da fasali na tarihi gaban kimiyya ne quite ban sha'awa facts suke da dangantaka da yawa da suka shahara mutane na da ƙarni.

Numismatics shi ne sha'awar da yawa daga mutane - shi ne domin su tsabar kudi ne al'adu da tarihi darajar, da abin da suka kasance a shirye don zuwa karshen duniya. Haraji na dukan sojojin kokarin samun wani rare tsabar kudin da replenish your tarin. Ka tuna kuma cewa idan ka so sosai fun, kamar yadda numismatics, tsabar kudin a kan farashin iya samun sosai m. Don suna da nasu tarin quite tsada, shi na bukatar ba kawai da zuba jari da aiki da kuma hakuri, amma kuma babban adadin tsabar kudi (idan yana da gaske rare lokutta).

Ma'ana

Mene ne Numismatics? Fassara daga Girkanci "nomos" na nufin dokar ko doka m, da kuma "NOMIZMA" riga nufin "tsabar". Kanta numismatics - da kimiyya na tsabar kudi, yanzu shi ne karin tarihi horo cewa karanta tarihin kudin da coinage.

Bambanci tsakanin tara da numismatist

Akwai mabanbanta Concepts, kamar "numismatic tattara" da "numismatics matsayin kimiyya." Shi ne kawai a tara zai zama mafi sha'awar ba da tarihi darajar da tsabar kudin, kuma ta rarity, kazalika da daban-daban m fasali. Amma idan muka yi magana game da numismatics matsayin kimiyya, da tsabar kudi ne mafi muhimmanci abu domin binciken da dama da muhimmanci tarihi matakai na samuwar da kuma faduwar gaba dayan kasashe da su waje huldar cinikaiya da kuma siffofin da jama'a rayuwa.

Alal misali, shi ne daga wadannan masana kimiyya ya dogara ne a kan dukkan theories na asalin da kudi. Sun gano ba kawai tsabar kudi amma kuma cak, takardun shaida, kiran kasuwa, daban-daban katunan bashi da more. Saboda haka, shi ya bayyana a cikin shekarar 1960, cikin mafi fadi Kalmar "exonumia", wanda yana nufin tattara daban-daban m numismatic biyan bashin kida da cewa ba fada karkashin category na hukuma ya soma da jihar. Wannan kuma ya shafi commemorative tsabar kudi, duk wani nau'i na tsarabobi a cikin nau'i na banknotes ko tsabar kudi da cewa suna bayar a kan lokaci na bikin.

Muhimmancin bayyanar numismatics

Yana oosznavaya muhimmancin bayyanar irin wannan sabon abu, za ka iya fahimtar abin da numismatics. Tabbatar da dalilin nuna cewa wannan kimiyya karatu ba kawai daban-daban na tsabar kudi, amma kuma takardar kudi, lambar yabo, badges.

Numismatics kimiyya bayar da bayanai game da daban-daban huldar cinikaiya na mutanen daban-daban sau, dazamani. Yi amfani da tsabar kudi za ka iya koya da yawa game da tarihin siyasar ko da labarin kasa. Masana kimiyya karatu irin wajen biya, Cika guraben da kalmomin a cikin yanki na kwastan da kuma hadisai na mutum al'ummai da wayewar da su ci gaba da tarihi. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa numismatics ne a hankali nasaba da symbology, epigraphs, iconology, kazalika da art tarihi.

A labarin na numismatics matsayin kimiyya

Irin wannan so, kamar yadda numismatics, ya bayyana a zamanin d Roma, shi daga baya aka gyarawa a lokacin Renaissance a Italiya, inda yada kara da kasashen Turai. Sai a wannan lokaci masu hikima na duniya suna fara rubuta koya treatises a kan wannan sabon abu, wanda aka bayyana a cikin daki-daki, jigon da dama images kuma inscriptions a kan tsabar kudi.

Eckel - tare da wannan sunan mahaifi iko Austria scientist hade kimiyya takardunku a fagen numismatics, a gaskiya, ya shi ne ya kafa na farko-din-din da bincike a kan wannan topic. A cikin XVIII karni a Vienna an buga shi takwas kundin na littafin "The Science na zamanin d tsabar kudi" I. I. Ekkelya - shi ne daga wannan lokaci, da binciken na tsabar kudi wanzu.

Akayi a cikin juyin halitta daga cikin kimiyya da tsabar kudi

Saboda haka, tarihi na numismatics. Akwai biyu main matakai na ta ci gaba, za ta hanyar cewa, ta bayyana a gaban mu a cikin irin a cikin abin da muka sani shi da kyau.

Mene ne Numismatics? Wannan kimiyya ya zo dogon aiwatar da samuwar, a gaskiya gaba ɗaya dogara a kan kudi. A lokaci na farko ya hada da zamanin a cikin abin da yake mashahuri isa ya sayi matsayin kawai hanya don samun wani amfãni, wani ra'ayin da abin da kudi ne.

Na biyu lokaci ya fara da cewa zinariya ya yi kawai kayayyaki-m ga wanda musayar iya zama wani abu.

Daga bisani akwai farko tsabar kudin da zinariya da azurfa. Jihar taro samar tsabar kudi da cewa suna da wani m nauyi da kuma siffar, da kuma kafa wani darajar daban-daban ƙungiyõyi.

Shi ne tare da wannan mataki ya fara haihuwar numismatics, na farko haraji. Barter kayayyakin da kullum amfani da kayayyaki - kawai abu da cewa ya rare a zamanin da.

Ragi nasu sanya kayayyakin suna da yaushe musayar for wani abu mafi amfani ga iyali. A cikin shakka tafi duk - bawo, konkoma karãtunsa fãtun, yadudduka da kuma more.

Asalin tsabar kudi

Single version of yadda na farko tsabar kudi bayyana da kuma yadda suka duba, babu. Mutane da yawa masu bincike suka ce, cewa Sarkin Argos a Aegina minted farko tsabar kudi. A karamin sashi na masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa wannan hannu da Lydians a VI karni BC. Har ila yau, akwai wani hasashe cewa, mazaunan Rum Ionia kasance na farko da bankers a VII karni BC. Kwalayen da hotuna a kan tsabar kudi dace da babbar shugabanni, ko da generals, muhimmin tarihi da siyasa da suka faru. Wannan ya shafi soja mataki, ciki jayayya a jihar iko, da daban-daban addini ya gyara, kuma mafi.

Metal ga tsoho tsabar kudi

Mutane da yawa malaman ba daban-daban amsoshin wannan tambaya na abin da numismatics. Wasu shaida cewa mutanen da suke da sha'awar a tsabar kudi, ba kawai tara su a cikin tarin, Tesha girman kai, wato, masu bincike suna tattara abu.

Tsabar kudi a Asiya Ƙananan kuma Girka da aka yi da azurfa da zinariya. Sin na da bambanci da ake minted su da tagulla. Da ɗan baya a cikin wannan shiri zama mafi m da kuma daban-daban gami. Wannan ya shafi tagulla bilona, tagulla. A zinariya tsabar kudi kara da cewa wani karamin adadin jan - ya juya daga ligation, da samfurin wadda aka ƙaddara matsayin sulusi da murabba'i na lokaci mai ɓangare na tagulla. A samfurin da aka yaushe ƙaddara da gwamnatin.

A kadan daga baya a kara aluminum gami, nickel, gubar da sauran karafa domin sa tsabar kudin mafi m da kuma ci-resistant a aiki.

Stories lokuta inda gwamnatin bayar sabon tsabar kudi, wanda da wannan denomination a matsayin tsohon, amma sun na baya a quality, da kuma yawan daraja karafa a su kasance da yawa m. Wannan wulaƙanci kasance daya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a amfãne.

Dalilin da tsoho tsabar kudi

Mene ne Numismatics? Definition ban sha'awa ga mutane da yawa. Don fara fahimci manufar tsabar kudi.

Tun da farko, sun kasance ba kawai ga aiwatar da monetary yawa, amma kuma a kan memory. Su saki a iya ƙare zuwa wani gagarumin taron. Alal misali, wannan yana zartuwa ga shifida "to ziyarci mints," "mutuwa" ko kuma "a cikin gafarar zunubai." Shi ne ma sane da musamman tsabar kudin da ya wuce da Executioner hukunci a lokacin da ya yi ritaya - "Pfennig Hamburg Executioner." Coins aka minted domin ya birthday da kuma a kan wasu, babu kasa muhimmanci kwanakin. Kimiyya numismatics nazarin kowane irin tsabar kudin akayi daban-daban, bada saboda da hankali ga dukan abubuwan tarihin da cewa sun rinjayi ta bayyanar.

Daidai da rare tsabar "to ziyarci mints." Abin lura misalai ne waɗanda cewa suna da amfani na 2-hatimi bayar a Mulkin Saxony ya ziyarci Sarakuna Mint Myuldenhyutten a cikin shekaru 1900, kazalika da tsabar kudi Warsaw Mint ga shugaban Poland a cikin 1920s. Su ne musamman a bukatar a yau haraji.

Kommomerativnye tsabar kudi, da batun wanda aka musamman ƙare zuwa wani festive lokaci, suna sosai nemi bayan ta zamani haraji.

Modern m Rasha tsabar kudi

Numismatics bambanta wasu sosai muhimmanci da Rasha tsabar kudi, da darajar da dabam daga dubu rubles zuwa 400 dubu rubles da rabo.

Wannan ya shafi biyar aninai a 2002, inda a can ne ba Mint mark. Farashin irin wannan tsabar kudin - to dubu huɗu apiece. Alal misali, 5 aninai 2003 saki yi kudin 800 rubles apiece.

Akwai tsabar kudi, ga wanda ko da bankuna za su iya samun wani lada. Alal misali, 5 rubles a 2003, wanda saki da St. Petersburg Mint, Bankin za a iya kimanta a 5000 rubles da rabo, amma a cikin numismatic darajar ne mafi girma fiye da sau biyu.

Daya ruble na 2003 da numismatic daraja 10 dubu rubles. 50 aninai 2001, bayar da Moscow Mint - 100 dubu akalla.

2 rubles 2001, bayar da Moscow Mint daraja dubu 100 rubles. Wannan ke don tsabar kudi a cikin ƙungiyõyi na 1 ruble 2001.

Yana bi daga wannan ƙarshe: shi ne mai tsada sha'awa - numismatics. Prices for abubuwa ga wani gaske worthwhile tarin ne wani lokacin prohibitively high.