Mosfet - abin da yake da shi? Aikace-aikace kuma tabbaci daga transistors

A wannan labarin, za ka koyi game da transistors, MOSFET, wato, wasu daga cikin kewaye akwai. Wani irin filin sakamako transistor, wanda labari ne electrically zama ruwan dare daga cikin manyan halin yanzu dauke tashar. Kuma shi ya sa shi ne ake kira da filin sakamako transistor da makaran ƙofar. Mafi na kowa da irin da irin wannan filin sakamako transistor, wanda aka yi amfani da yawa iri lantarki, da ake kira mai filin-sakamako transistor karfe-oxide-semiconductor tushen ko mika mulki MOS transistor (rage tsawon raguwa wannan kashi).

Mene ne MOSFET?

MOSFET ne wani irin ƙarfin lantarki-sarrafawa su ɗauko, wanda shi ne daban-daban daga filin a cewa yana da wani "ƙarfe oxide" ƙofar lantarki wanda aka electrically samun karkasuwa ne daga cikin manyan semiconductor n-tashar ko p-tashar tare da wani bakin ciki sosai Layer na insulating abu. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ne silica (kuma idan sauki, gilashin).

Wannan ultra-bakin ciki makaran karfe ƙofar lantarki za a iya daukarsa a matsayin daya capacitor farantin. Rufi iko shigar sa da juriya na MOSFET ne musamman high, kusan iyaka.

Kamar yadda a filin wasa, da MOS transistors da sosai high shigar impedance. Yana iya tara babban adadin canzawa cajin, wadda take kaiwa zuwa lalata, idan ba hankali kariya sarkar.

Bambance-bambance daga MOSFET filin-sakamako transistors

Babban bambancin daga filin ne cewa MOSFETs suna samuwa a cikin asali biyu siffofin:

1. Ãr - transistor bukatar wata ƙõfa-source ƙarfin lantarki ga sharuddan sauyawa na'urar zuwa "KASHE". ãr yanayin MOSFET ne daidai da "kullum rufe" canji.
2. Jikewa - transistor bukatar wata ƙõfa-source ƙarfin lantarki don kunna na'urar. Riba Mode MOSFET ne daidai da wani canji da "kullum rufe" lambobi.

Ibãdar transistors a kan haihuwarka

The line tsakanin sadarwa na lambatu da tushen ne a semiconductor tashar. Idan zane wanda ya nuna da MOSFET transistors, shi ne wakilta wani mai m line, da kashi aiki a ãr yanayin. Tun da yanzu za a iya gudãna daga magudana zuwa ƙofa sifili m. Idan tashar ne aka nuna a fatalwa line ko karye line, da transistor aiki a jikewa yanayin saboda halin yanzu gudana tare da sifilin ƙofar m. A kibiya shugabanci nuna wani conductive tashar ko p-type semiconductor p-type. Kuma m transistors an sanya su a cikin hanyar kamar yadda su waje takwarorinsu.

Ainihin tsarin MOSFET transistor

The zane na MOSFET (cewa an, aka bayyana a cikin daki-daki, a cikin labarin) ne sosai daban-daban daga filin. Da iri transistors ana amfani da lantarki filin halitta ta Ƙofar ƙarfin lantarki. Don canja kwarara daga cajin yan dako, electrons a n-tashar ko bude ga p-tashar ta hanyar da semiconductive source-magudana tashar. Ƙofar lantarki da aka sanya a saman wani bakin ciki sosai insulating Layer, kuma yana da wata biyu da kananan p-type yankuna kawai a karkashin da lambatu da kuma tushen wayoyin.

ba m babu takurawa da wani makaran ƙofar na'urar MOS transistor. Saboda haka yana yiwuwa a yi haɗi zuwa Ƙofar MOSFET tushen a cikin ko dai polarity (tabbatacce ko korau). Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa mafi sau da yawa shigo transistors fiye da su gida takwarorinsu.

Wannan ya sa MOSFET na'urorin su ne musamman da amfani kamar yadda lantarki sauya ko dabaru na'urorin, saboda ba tare da tasiri daga waje, da suka saba ba su gudanar halin yanzu. Dalilin wannan high shigar ƙofar juriya. Saboda haka, yana da matukar kananan ko bai isa a kula iko wajibi ne ga MOS transistors. Saboda su ne na'urorin sarrafawa azahiri da kuzari.

ãr yanayin MOSFET

ãr yanayin faruwa da yawa kasa akai-akai, fiye da riba halaye ba tare da nuna bambanci ƙarfin lantarki amfani da ƙofar. Wato, da tashar da yake riƙe a sifili ƙofar ƙarfin lantarki, saboda haka, da na'urar "kullum rufe". Zane-zanen amfani da su koma zuwa ga wani m line kullum rufe conductive tashar.

Ga n-tashar ãr MOS transistor, wani mummunan ƙofar-source ƙarfin lantarki ne korau, shi zai deplete (Saboda haka sunan) ta gudanar da tashar transistor free electrons. Haka kuma ga p-tashar MOS transistor ne depletion na tabbatacce ƙofar-source ƙarfin lantarki, da tashar za deplete su free ramukan, motsi da na'urar a wani maras gudanar jihar. Amma da a ci gaba da transistor ba dogara a kan abin da yanayin da aiki.

A wasu kalmomin, da depletion yanayin n-tashar MOSFET:

1. A tabbatacce ƙarfin lantarki a magudana ne ya fi girma yawan electrons da kuma na yanzu.
2. Yana nufin ƙasa da mummunan ƙarfin lantarki da kuma a halin yanzu na electrons.

A kishiya, kuma gaskiya ne domin p-tashar transistors. Duk da yake ãr yanayin MOSFET ne daidai da "kullum bude" canji.

N-tashar MOS transistor a cikin? Ãr yanayin,

ãr yanayin MOSFET aka gina a cikin wannan hanya a matsayin cewa daga cikin filin-sakamako transistors. Bugu da ƙari, da lambatu-source tashar - a conductive Layer tare da electrons da ramuka, wanda shi ne yanzu a cikin n-type ko p-type tashoshi. Irin wannan tashar doping Halicci low juriya conductive hanya tsakanin lambatu da tushen da sifili ƙarfin lantarki. Amfani da magwajin transistors iya gudanar da ma'aunai na igiyoyin da voltages a da fitarwa da kuma shigar.

Riba Mode MOSFET

More kowa a MOSFET transistors ne riba yanayin, shi ne a koma da depletion yanayin. Akwai gudanar da tashar ɗauka da sauƙi doped ko undoped, abin da ya sa shi ba conductive. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa gaskiya cewa na'urar a rago yanayin da aka ba gudanar da (lokacin da ƙofar nuna bambanci ƙarfin lantarki ne sifili). The zane-zane don bayyana irin wannan MOS transistors an yi amfani da wani karye line to nuna al'ada bude-gudanar da tashar.

Don inganta N-tashar MOS transistor magudana halin yanzu za su gudana ne kawai a lokacin da Ƙofar ƙarfin lantarki amfani zuwa Ƙofar mafi girma daga bakin kofa irin ƙarfin lantarki. By ake ji wani m ƙarfin lantarki zuwa Ƙofar wani p-type MOSFET (cewa shi ne, aiki halaye, ya sauya sheka haihuwarka ne aka bayyana a cikin labarin) janyo hankalin mafi electrons a cikin shugabanci na oxide Layer a kusa da ƙofar, da haka ne kara riba (Saboda haka sunan) na tashar kauri, barin 'yanci, da kwarara halin yanzu.

Features Gain yanayin

Kara m ƙofar ƙarfin lantarki zai sa fitowan da juriya a cikin tashar. Yana ba zai nuna da transistor magwajin, shi ne kawai zai iya tabbatar da mutuncin mulki. Don rage kara girma, shi wajibi ne don kara da lambatu halin yanzu. A wasu kalmomin, don bunkasa yanayin n-tashar MOSFET:

1. A tabbatacce sigina transistor fassara a cikin wani kade yanayin.
2. Babu sigina ko ta korau darajar fassara a cikin wani nonconductive yanayin transistor. Saboda haka, a cikin yanayin na karawa MOSFET ne daidai da "kullum bude" canji.

A gãnãwa tabbatarwa shi ne inganci ga halaye inganta p-tashar MOS transistors. A sifili ƙarfin lantarki da na'urar a cikin "KASHE" da kuma tashar ne bude. Da ake ji mummunan ƙarfin lantarki darajar da Ƙofar p-type MOSFET ƙaruwa a tashar watsin, fassara ta yanayin "A". Za ka iya duba yin amfani da wani magwajin (dijital ko gwada). Sa'an nan da gwamnatin sami p-tashar MOSFET:

1. M siginar fassara transistor "kashe."
2. Korau hada da wani transistor a "A" Yanayin.

riba yanayin N-tashar MOSFET

A karawa yanayin MOSFETs da low shigar impedance a cikin kade-kade yanayin da a nonconducting musamman high. Har ila yau, akwai rashin iyaka high shigar impedance saboda su makaran ƙofar. Mode riba na transistors amfani a Hadakar haihuwarka zuwa sama CMOS dabaru ƙofofin da sharuddan sauyawa na ikon haihuwarka a cikin irin yadda PMOS (P-tashar) da kuma NMOS (N-tashar) shigar. CMOS - MOS ne karin a ji cewa shi ne mai ma'ana na'urar, yana da PMOS, kuma NMOS a zane.

MOSFET amfilifa

Kamar filin, MOSFET transistors za a iya amfani da su don aji amfilifa "A". Amfilifa kewaye da N-tashar MOS transistor a na kowa tushen riba gwamnatin ne mafi mashahuri. MOSFET amplifiers ãr yanayin sosai kama da haihuwarka yin amfani da filin na'urorin, sai dai cewa MOSFET (cewa shi ne, da kuma abin da iri ne, tattauna a sama) yana da babban labari impedance.

Wannan impedance ne sarrafawa ta hanyar shigar da resistive biasing cibiyar sadarwa kafa ta resistors R1 da R2. Bugu da ari, fitarwa sigina na kowa tushen amfilifa transistors MOSFET a karawa yanayin da aka inverted saboda, a lokacin da labari irin ƙarfin lantarki ne low, sa'an nan transistor nassi bude. Wannan za a iya tabbatar, da ciwon a arsenal kawai magwajin (dijital ko gwada). A wani babban labari irin ƙarfin lantarki da transistor a ON yanayin, da fitarwa ƙarfin lantarki ne musamman low.