Musculoskeletal tsarin: aiki da kuma tsarin. A ci gaba da mutum musculoskeletal na'ura

Duk da gabobin da motsi don tabbatar da motsi na jikinsu a sarari ake hada a cikin wani aure tsarin. Wannan ya hada da kasũsuwa, ashe, da gidajen abinci, tsokoki da jijiyoyin sun hadu. Musculoskeletal tsarin mutum ya yi aikin takamaiman ayyuka saboda da peculiarities na samuwar da kuma tsarin da gabobin da locomotion.

Ma'ana locomotor

Human kwarangwal aikin da dama da harshen damo:

• goyon bayan.
• kariya.
• Yana bayar da motsi.
• An zabi a ma'adinai metabolism da hematopoiesis.

Take hakkin da musculoskeletal tsarin haddasawa pathological tafiyar matakai da yawa a cikin tsarin na jiki. Tsokoki a haɗe da ƙasũsuwa ne da za'ayi motsi a dangane da juna, inda yunkuri na jiki da kuma aka bayar a cikin sarari. Murdede tsarin yana da nasa aikin fasali:

• Yana kewaye da jikin mutum rami, kare su daga inji lalacewar;
• yi a Tallafa aiki, da goyon bayan jiki a wasu matsayi.

A ci gaba da locomotor na'ura na mutumin da aka haramta motsa da tsakiya m tsarin raya kasa. A ci gaba da tsoka da jijiya Kwayoyin - ne dogara a kan juna ta tafiyar matakai. Sanin abin da fasali na musculoskeletal tsarin ne na wajibi ga al'ada aiki na jiki, shi za a iya ƙarasa da cewa kwarangwal ne da muhimmanci ga jikin tsarin.

A lokacin embryogenesis, lokacin da jiki ne kusan ba ya canzawa da wani samuwar kasashe, fetal motsi irritating tsoka rabe. Daga wadannan hatsaisai zuwa tsakiya m tsarin, stimulating da ci gaban neurons. A lokaci guda, da bunkasa juyayi tsarin stimulates da girma da kuma ci gaban da murdede tsarin.

kwarangwal haltta

Kwarangwal - a sa na ƙasũsuwa da cewa yin wani goyan baya, motor kuma m ayyuka. Musculoskeletal tsarin na mutum yana da game da 200 ƙasũsuwa (dangane da shekaru), duk wanda ya yi daidai da dan lido 33-34. Rarrabe centerline (thorax, kwanyar, vertebrae), da tsawo (free reshe) skeletons.

Kasusuwa kafa kashi nama, alaka da dama connective nama. Yana da aka hada da Kwayoyin da wani m extracellular matrix, wanda ya ƙunshi wani jam'i na collagen da kuma ma'adinai da aka gyara da samar da elasticity.

A kwarangwal ne a mangaza ga m adam gabobin: da kwanyar ne a cikin kwakwalwa, a cikin kashin baya canal - laka, kirji na samar da kariya na esophagus, huhu, zuciya, manyan jijiya da kuma venous kututturan, da kuma kafafuwa kare da lalacewar gabobin na urogenital tsarin. Take hakkin da musculoskeletal tsarin zai iya sa lalacewar kayan ciki, wani lokacin m da rai.

kashi tsarin

A ware spongy kashi da m abu. A rabo dabam dangane da wuri da kuma aiki na wani ɓangare na musculoskeletal tsarin.

A m abu ne sarrafa a cikin shaft na dogon kasũsuwa, ashe, da samar da goyon baya da kuma locomotor aiki. Spongy abu dake a cikin lebur da kuma gajeren ƙasũsuwa. A dukan surface na kashi (sai dai hadin gwiwa) an rufe tare da periosteum (periosteum).

kashi samuwar

A yanayin halitta na juya na samuwar da tsarin na musculoskeletal tsarin ta hanyar da dama, saukarwa - webbed, guringuntsi, kuma kashi. Daga mako na biyu bayan ganewa a cikin mesenchyme na membranous kwarangwal ne kafa na guringuntsi primordia. By 8th mako na guringuntsi nama sannu a hankali maye gurbinsu da kashi.

The maye cartilaginous kashi iya mika a hanyoyi da dama:

• perihondrialnoe ossification - kashi samuwar guringuntsi kewaye.
• periosteal ossification - samar da matasa osteocytes kafa periosteum.
• enchondral ossification - kashi samuwar cikin guringuntsi.

Kan aiwatar da kashi samuwar ne germination tasoshin da kuma connective nama daga guringuntsi cikin periosteum (a cikin wadannan wurare guringuntsi halaka auku). Sashe na osteogenic Kwayoyin baya ci gaba cancellous kashi.

A lokacin fetal ci gaban auku diaphyseal ossification na dogon ƙasũsuwa (da ake kira primary batu na ossification), sa'an nan bayan da haihuwa ya auku ossification epiphysis na dogon ƙasũsuwa (secondary da maki na ossification). Har da shekaru 16-24 shekaru tsakanin epiphyses da diaphysis riƙe cartilaginous epiphyseal farantin.

Godiya ta zuwa ga gaban ana mika gabobin na musculoskeletal tsarin. Da zarar guringuntsi aka maye gurbinsu da kashi Fusion auku diaphysis da epiphysis na dogon kasũsuwa, ashe, 'yan adam girma tsaya a nan ba.

A tsarin da vertebral shafi

A kashin baya shafi ne sequentially superimposed vertebrae dagane da intervertebral fayafai, gidajen abinci da kuma jijiyoyin, wanda dogara ne musculoskeletal tsarin. kashin baya aiki ne ba kawai da goyon baya, amma kuma a cikin tsaro, hana inji lalacewar na kayan ciki da laka, wucewa a kashin baya canal.

Shin biyar sassa na kashin baya - coccygeal, sacral, lumbar, thoracic da mahaifa. Kowane sashi yana da wani mataki na motsi, gaba daya immobile ne kawai sacral kashin baya.

motsi na kashin baya ko ta sashen an tabbatar da kwarangwal tsokoki. Proper ci gaban da musculoskeletal tsarin a cikin neonatal lokaci, na samar da zama dole goyon baya ga kayan ciki da kuma tsarin da kariya.

A tsarin da kirji

Thorax - osteochondral samuwar kunsha na sternum da karankarman ƙirji 12 thoracic vertebrae. A siffar daga cikin kirji kama sababbu truncated mazugi. Haƙarƙari keji yana hudu ganuwar:

• gaban - kafa sternum da haƙarƙari guringuntsi.
• baya - kafa ta vertebrae na kashin baya da kuma raya iyakar da karankarman ƙirji.
• 2 gefen - kafa kai tsaye hakarkarinsa.

Har ila yau ware biyu ramuka thorax - wani babba da kuma ƙananan budewa. Ratsa cikin manya bude na numfashi gabobin da kuma na narkewa kamar tsarin (esophagus, trachea, jijiyoyi da jini). Ƙananan budewa aka rufe da wani diaphragm, wanda yana da wani rami ga nassi na babbar jijiya da kuma venous kututturan (lakã, baya vena cava), da kuma esophagus.

A tsarin da kwanyar

Kokon ne daya daga cikin muhimman Tsarin da axial kwarangwal, wanda Forms da musculoskeletal tsarin. Kwanyar aiki - kare kwakwalwa, azanci shine gabobin, da kuma goyon baya ga primary ƙungiyoyin numfashi da kuma narkewa kamar tsarin. Ya kunshi sa su guda biyu da kuma unpaired ƙasũsuwa da aka raba kwakwalwa da kuma gyara man fuska sashen.

A gaban sashe na kwanyar ne:

• na maxillary da mandibular ƙasũsuwa,
• biyu hanci kasusuwa.
• zygomatic kashi.

A tsarin neurocranium hada da:

• da frontal kashi .
• guda biyu na boko kashi.
• tururi sphenoid kashi.
• tururi parietal kashi .
• occipital kashi.

Brain sashen yana da wani m aiki ga kwakwalwa da kuma shi ne ta matattarã ba. Front ofishin samar da goyon baya ga primary sashen na numfashi da kuma narkewa kamar tsarin da azanci shine gabobin.

Musculoskeletal tsarin: aiki da kuma tsarin da gabar jiki

A ci gaba da reshe kwarangwal ya samu m motsi saboda articular sanarwa akan abinda ƙasũsuwa (musamman da radial da carpal gidajen abinci). Ware thoracic da pelvic girdles.

A babba bel (kirji) ya hada biyu ruwa da kuma clavicle kashi, da kuma kasa (pelvic) kafa da biyu daga kashi pelvic. The free rabo daga cikin manya reshe ne da wadannan sassan:

• proximal - yana dauke da humerus.
• talakawan - wakilci ulna da radius.
• distal - ya hada da carpal kasũsuwa, ashe, metacarpal ƙasũsuwa da yatsa ƙasũsuwa.

The free ɓangare na ƙananan reshe kunshi wadannan sassan:

• proximal - gabatar da femur.
• Intermediate - ya hada da tibia da fibula.
• distal - kasusuwan kafa yatsun kafa ƙasũsuwa da, ƙashi na daga cikin yatsunsu.

reshe kwarangwal damar da fadi da kewayon ayyuka da kuma yana da muhimmanci ga al'ada aiki, wanda ya samar da da musculoskeletal tsarin. kwarangwal aiki na free reshe wuya a overestimate, saboda da su taimako mutane yi kusan dukan ayyuka.

A tsarin da musculoskeletal tsarin

Kwarangwal tsokoki suna haɗe da ƙasũsuwan da rage da kuma samar da yunkuri na jiki ko da sassa a cikin sarari. A zuciya na kwarangwal tsokoki ake striated tsoka zaruruwa. Bugu da kari ga goyon baya da kuma mota ayyuka na tsokoki samar da aikin na numfashi, hadiya, taban da ake, suna da hannu a fuska, zafin rana tsara da kuma sanarwa akan abinda jawabin.

Babban Properties na kwarangwal tsokoki ne:

• excitability - na ayyuka na tsoka zaruruwa ne da za'ayi a ƙarƙashin rinjayar jijiyar.
• watsin - daga jijiya endings zuwa tsakiya m tsarin ne m turu madugu.
• contractility - a sakamakon jijiya turu zirga-zirga kwashe contractility na kwarangwal tsokoki.

Muscle aka yi sama da iyakar da agara (tendons, tsokoki suna a haɗe da ƙasũsuwa) da kuma ciki (kunshi striated tsoka zaruruwa). Hadewa aikin na musculoskeletal tsarin ne da za'ayi dace aiki na tsokoki da kuma zama dole ga wannan na tsarin jijiya tsari na tsoka zaruruwa.