Musculoskeletal tsarin tsuntsaye

Birds - suna da dabbobi da cewa ba kawai motsa tare da ƙasa, amma kuma dauki ga iska, na shawagi a sararin sama. Saboda haka, a sakamakon juyin ci gaba da lura da canji a cikin taro kuma siffar jikinsu. Kamar wancan shi ya wuce jari na mai - ribace-ribace, rage gogayya a lokacin da motsi, gina tsoka taro. Duk da haka bambanta su kwarangwal kuma tsokoki, Ina nufin musculoskeletal tsarin tsuntsaye.
A fannoni da dama, daidai ne a matsayin, a dabbobi masu shayarwa. Musculoskeletal tsarin kunshi wani tsuntsu na axial kwarangwal, kwanyar, kafada da kuma hannu da dantse kasũsuwa, ashe, da scapula, thoracic vertebrae, kafafuwa da kuma femur, da dai sauransu
A daidai wannan lokaci, shi ne quite daban-daban fiye da musculoskeletal tsarin na dabbobi masu shayarwa. Alal misali, wani tsuntsu ta kai shi ne kananan, saboda duk da girman ƙashi sun girma tare, da kuma lambar da ya ki. Kokon ne sauƙin saboda gaskiyar cewa ƙasusuwan su ne mafi yawa da m kuma da toothless baki, wanda aka rufe da kawai a jaraba sutura. Birds da ba su da kashin baya bends kamar wani mutum. Nono "mutum" cell da aka fadada, kuma da dabbobi da tsuntsaye da shi ne matsa daga sasanninta.
Mahaifa tsuntsu kwarangwal sashen wakilta 11-25 free vertebrae, amma vertebrae na thoracic da tabbaci bonded da juna da kuma a lokaci guda tare da vertebrae na lumbar sashen. Sacral kashi garwaya da bel na Hind wata gabar jiki, da kuma kafa sacrum.
Akwai bambanci a cikin fuska kwarangwal, kuma a cikin sashi daga cikin wata gabar jiki da kuma wata gabar jiki da kansu. Alal misali, kawai tsuntsaye da keel - guringuntsi outgrowth, wanda aka kafa a lokacin accretion na clavicle ga sternum. A yawo tsuntsaye sternum ɓullo da karfi da isa, da kuma keel - manyan.
Musculoskeletal tsarin hada da tsuntsaye Hind kafafu, waxanda suke da babban biyu, karfi da pelvic ƙasũsuwa Fused da hadaddun sacrum. Kuma kamar yadda tsuntsu ke tafiya a kan ƙafãfu biyu, da sacrum kanta ma m. A sacrum aka kafa ta Fused sacral, lumbar, caudal vertebrae, don haka sunã zaton cewa lumbar tsuntsaye a can.
tsuntsu kwarangwal skeletons daban-daban daga wasu halittu masu rai a cikin wancan shi ne m, kuma hur. Wannan shi ne cimma, da farko, saboda tubular ƙasũsuwa a cikin tsuntsaye. Abu na biyu, da sauƙi na baka kashi bayyana. Saboda haka kaji kwarangwal taro ne wani wuri 5 -15% by nauyin jikinsa. Da ban da na mahaifa kashin baya, dukan kashin baya immobile.
Kamar yadda gaban kafafunsa a sakamakon juyin juya a cikin fikafikanta, goga ne kusan ba ci gaba. Amma tsuntsaye da ke shawagi da kyau, da manyan pectoral tsokoki sa up wani wuri 15-20% na taro, da kuma su musamman tsari na taimaka wa zaman lafiyar da tsuntsaye a cikin iska.

Tsaye a kasa da matakin na ci gaba fiye da tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa, ne aji na dabbobi masu rarrafe. A halittu masu rarrafe jiki ne hada da shugaban, wuyõyinsu, gangar jikin da extremities, fãce macizai da legless kadangaru, wanda ake hana wata gabar jiki. By gina musculoskeletal tsarin ne kusa da dabbobi masu rarrafe halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, amma sabanin su, yana da wani m kwarangwal. More m tsarin da kwarangwal da tsokoki na dabbobi m da motsi. Kwarangwal na dabbobi masu rarrafe, kazalika da musculoskeletal tsarin daga tsuntsãye, kuma, kunshi da mahaifa, thoracic, sacral da caudal yankin. The dogon gefuna da alaka da breastbone, thorax da kafa.
Dabbobi masu rarrafe, sabanin sauran dabbobi, da dissected tsokoki, musamman, da intercostal tsokoki. Sun iya daidaita ƙara na thorax, don damfara da kuma fadada shi, ta haka ne yin aiwatar da numfashi. Tun da dabbobi masu rarrafe hakarkarinsa kawo karshen free, shi damar da su hadiye wani wajen manyan gari. Su shayar ɓullo da caudal sashe.
Summing up, shi za a iya lura da cewa, skeletons na dabbobi suna da rarrabe fasali, amma yin irin wannan ayyuka. Kuma sunã bautã wa a matsayin tallafi jiki, kare kayan ciki, da kuma taimaka maka kewaya a kusa da rai sarari.