Mutum - shi ... The subculture na 50-60 shekaru a cikin Tarayyar Soviet

Sun mutane a karkashin wani tsarin mulki ya yi aiki ga kai-magana, kuma haka daga lokaci zuwa lokaci akwai daban-daban kwatance, halin da bayyanar da ji na duniya daga duk wasu kungiyoyin shakatawa. Waɗannan su ne dudes. Shekaru da Stalin zamanin sun sa zargin da motsi na matasa wanda ya kare su hakkin ya sami yancin ta hanyar tufafi, kalmomi kuma music. Su ba su kira ga gwamnatin canji, sun kawai so da hakkin su nasu ainihi a duniya na dullness da impersonality. Gaya mana abin da irin subculture, da kuma bambanci da ke tsakanin hoton da dudes.

Asalin da subculture

Wannan sabon abu ne dandy - shi ne sakamakon mai yawan abubuwan. Bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin na 1917, Tarayyar Soviet da ke cikin kasa da kasa kadaici, da kuma kawai bayan yakin duniya na biyu, sake maido da lambobi tare da kasashen waje. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa da cewa a cikin ƙasa akwai wani Layer na mutane suka kai a kai tafiya kasashen waje, da kuma 'ya'yansu. Shi ne da yara na kasashen da cinikayya ma'aikata, da kuma ya zama tushen da wani kunno kai zamantakewa kungiyar gilded matasa. Sun so in jaddada da siffa, da kuma don wannan suka zabi na musamman yammacin bayyanar, music da sauransu. N.

Har ila yau, a kan samar da wani al'adun mods shafar girma ciki zanga-zanga na matasa kan grayness na rayuwa da kuma talauci. Wannan tunani na ganima bulala up abubuwa, fina-finai, m ayyukansu. Sun mutane so bayan haka shekaru masu yawa na wahala hutu, da haske, sabon abu. tufafin mods, su iyawa a music, dancing ya zama wani kalubale Kullum zaman kansa Sphere.

A etymology na sunan

Da farko, membobin wannan subculture kira kansu shtatnika kamar dauki wani misali a dukan na United States of America. Amma a shekarar 1949 a cikin rare mutumci mujallar "kada" ya bayyana lampoon "iri da cewa tafi a cikin gabata." Yana bayyana wani sabon zaman sabon abu - Western al'ada magoya - kamar yadda gaba daya dan hanya da kuma cutarwa ga Soviet jama'a, ya bayyana a karon farko da kuma kalmar "dudes". Subculture aka bayyana a matsayin mai irin muguwar halayyar cancanci a Soviet mutum. M hasashe da kuma pungency rubutu ja hankalin jama'a, da kuma kalmar ya tafi zuwa ga mutane.

A hankali, asali sunan "shtatniki" bace daga cikin ƙamus na jaridu, mutane da kansu wakilan da motsi. Akwai version cewa kalmar "dudes" ya zo daga kalmar "style" a matsayin abu mafi muhimmanci cewa bambanta da wannan yunkuri na matasa daga duk wasu. Kuma ko da akwai hasashe da cewa wannan sunan zo daga jazz irin harshe na dabam. Duk da haka dai, a farkon 50s wani sabon wa'adi ne da tabbaci kunshe a baya da wannan zamantakewa motsi.

A akidar motsi

Mutum - shi ne mutum wanda ya professes yammacin ka'idodinta yancin faɗar albarkacin baki. Duk da haka, da ingancin danganta wannan subculture 'yan tawayen akidar ne ba daidai ba. Sun mutane suna so su za su yarda su saurari music cewa su so, kuma dance kamar yadda suke so. A wannan subculture babu pro-Western akida, wadda kokarin danganta zuwa gare su. Amma kamar yadda na Amurka a hukumance dauke maƙiyi jihar, da kuma daukaka al'adun {asar Amirka da aka gani a matsayin cin amanar kasa. A gaskiya ma, cikin siffar dudes - shi ne kawai wani nau'i na kare 'yanci a cikin ra'ayi da kuma dandano da kome ba. Babban abin wãsa mods aka hawa da partying. A Moscow, babban wuri na yawo ya Tverskaya Street - "Broadway".

Fashion da kaya dudes

Babban alama na mods ne su bayyanar. Da hankula image na wakilan wannan al'umma ya samo asali da kuma canza, bai riga ya kafa wani "classic" version. Kwat da wando dudes namiji kunshi leggings-dudochek, Fitted jacket tare da fadi da padded kafadu, da wata mai haske taye da pointy takalma. A wannan yanayin, baicin colorings a matsayin mai haske launin toka talakawa Hanyar 'yan adawa a kusa da.

A musamman batu na kula kowane dudes - hairstyle. High ulun a kansa, da dafa, an makawa kashi na image. Har ila yau kwat da wando sau da yawa suna goyon bayan da tabarau, kaucewa hanya zuwa Soviet mutum.

Y hipsters 'yan mata kaya zabi kasance mafi. Yana da aka yawanci dress a cikin style of New Look tare da kunkuntar kugu, cikakken skirt da tsakiyan nonon. Daga baya, akwai fiye da nau'i-kasancẽwa riguna da kuma skirts cewa nanata adadi. M kashi na image sun takalma a kan wani karamin mai lankwasa diddige da kuma kananan jaka.

Launuka ma ta yi maraba yawanci mai haske. Ta yi sa safa - batun unprecedented alatu. Saboda haka, waɗanda ba zai iya ba saya su, idãnunki kansu da jawo kabu kai tsaye a kan danda kafar a kafu daram tawada. Girls aikatawa cikakken kayan shafa da kibiyoyi kan idanu da kuma haske lipstick. A kai suka gina gashi a cikin nau'i na wani kambi ko ƙawata gashi makada, da wata mai haske gyale ko baki. Har ila yau, a tabbatar da 'yan mata sun quite manyan kayan ado: necklaces,' yan kunne, shirye-shiryen bidiyo, mundaye.

Wadannan mai haske matasa, ba shakka, karfi da ya tsaya daga kan bango na dullness da kuma talauci, kuma haka janyo hankalin mai yawa da hankali. Gaye tufafi za a iya kawo daga kasashen waje, wanda shi ne kawai samuwa raka'a sayi daga speculators ko dinka da kanka. A cikin wannan yanayi, wani da'irar kafa Teloli wanda sheathe stilyagi.

music hipsters

Babban tushen wahayi zuwa ga wannan subculture daukarsa American jazz. Addini ayyuka ne song daga movie "Sun Valley Serenade" ta Glenn Miller Orchestra, da qagaggun na Duke Ellington, Eddi Roznera, Charlie Parker, Benni Gudmena. A Tarayyar Soviet da kuma jami'an diplomasiya seconded masana ya kawo a cikin littafinsa fashion American music tun da kasar zo Elvis Presley, Chak Berri, Baddi Holli da sauran masu kida a cikin style of dutsen da kuma yi.

A lokacin, mutum - shi ya kasance wani mutum ne mai ilmi a Yammacin art, musamman Amurka. Saurari wannan music iya zama a kan flats ko cibiyoyin aiki domin kasashen waje jama'a (kamar "Cocktail Hall" a Moscow). Privozimye records replicated a karkashin kasa Studios soundtrack da aka amfani da su X-haskoki, don haka da laƙabi "Music on da ƙasusuwansa."

A hankali, a cikin wannan yanayi, kafa nasu da'irar kida wasa jazz da dutsen da kuma yi. Alal misali, a sanannun jazzman da saxophonist Alexei Kozlov ya girma daidai saboda wannan al'ada.

dancing mods

Wannan al'ada ne kuma bayyana a nasu raye-raye, wanda ya tafi a kan al'ada styles sun gaye dutsen da kuma yi, foxtrot, Charleston, boogie-woogie. Hipsters a cikin ikon rawa su bayyana abin da hali zuwa data kasance dokoki kuma hane-hane. Nuna kashe ka basira a kan dance bene iya, a cafes da kuma ko da a kan tituna, inda dandies sau da yawa halshen "da zanga-zanga". A dance da aka nuna da jama'a kalubale, wanda ya aiko dudes Soviet egalitarianism.

lexicon

Don koma zuwa su musamman dudes sun ɓullo da nasu harshen, wanda dogara ne a kan karbuwa daga Alamu na Turanci irin harshe na dabam da jazz. A da jargon cewa yin aikin rarraba mutane cikin abokai da kuma makiya. A daban-daban birane a mods jawabin su ne kalmomi, mafi sau da yawa sanya sunayen ba, amma akwai wani lexical tsararru, halayyar da dukan subculture. Saboda haka, su ne kalmomi don nuna a fakaice wurare daban-daban, "Broadway" - ya kasance a kowane birni da kansa, "Cock" ( "Cocktail Hall"). Mutane da yawa Alamu nufi mutane na daban-daban iri: mutum, chuvikhi, da dunƙule, redneck, phaser. Ga sunayen dance kuma m styles yin amfani da saba sharuddan: dutsen da kuma yi, jazz, foxtrot, boogie-woogie. Hipsters yawa kalmomi saba daga harshen Turanci don suna abubuwa da tufafi: safa, taok, hetok, takalma, dzhaketok.

stigma

A Tarayyar Soviet, mutum - yana da anti-zamantakewa da rabi, ta otherness kyan gani, a matsayin barazana ga jama'a domin da kuma halin kirki na Soviet mutum. A marigayi 40-ies a kasar suka fara wani gwagwarmaya tare da cosmopolitanism, kuma wannan subculture Mãdalla manufa domin shisshigi Komsomol da kuma jam'iyyar gwagwarmaya. Akwai masu gadi da suka kama mods, yanke su Coca, ya kyakketa tufafinsa.

A latsa dudes 50s sun zama fi so manufa domin izgili da soka. Akwai da yawa majigin yara da kuma satirical articles deriding wannan yunkuri. Ga talakawa, wadannan matasa da aka gabatar a matsayin blank kofe na Yammacin model, suka ƙaryata game da kishin kasa, dandano da halin kirki. A babbar yawan hipsters fadin kasar da aka cire daga ba na gwamnati kungiyoyin, da aka kora daga jobs. Duk wannan ya kai ga abin da aka asali apolitical dudes fara ƙi Soviet gwamnatin da kuma zanga-zangar da suka fara zuwa saya siyasa overtones.

Hipsters daban-daban shekaru

A cikin wannan subculture za a iya gani m akida juyin halitta. Hipsters, a subculture cewa ya samo asali a cikin marigayi 40-ies a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, suka farko da wani rukuni na mutane sha'awar cinema kuma music USA. Amma a cikin 50s da crystallization da style da kuma zane na farko rashin amincewa motsi. By ƙarshen 50s, da yawa wakilan wannan subculture samun mummunan hali zuwa Soviet gwamnatin da kuma a ɓõye mafarkin barin Tarayyar Soviet.

Daga baya dudes 60s rasa su kaifi adawa da jama'a yanayi. Da fashewa daga cikin narke ya haddasa tartsatsi zargi da Soviet gwamnatin Stalin lokaci, sabili da haka da magana mods sun kasance haka mai haske. Gushe dama na matasa, kuma sannu a hankali Trend fizzles, shi ne maye gurbinsu da wani sabon matasa subculture.

Ma'ana subculture stilyagi

Wannan zaman jama'a motsi ya bar wani babban sawun a cikin Soviet al'umma. Mutane da yawa dudes, sun shafe shekaru a cikin binciken na American art, kaya, harshe, a cikin shekaru baya ya zama wani ɓangare na kasar masana. Sociologists nuna cewa wannan subculture shi ne na farko da manyan zamantakewa motsi, wanda shi ne farkon samuwar yawa matasa na yau da kullum da ƙungiyoyi: hippies, punks, rockers - su duka ko ta yaya girma daga mods hadisai. Bugu da kari, wannan yunkuri spodviglo Rasha designers yi tunani game da halittar matasa style, a kan search for sabon siffofin, wanda zai taimakawa wajen shawo kan wannan dullness na Soviet mutane.