Narcissism - menene? Abubuwa mara kyau na mutum. Narcissism

Kowane mutum yana son kansa a wata hanya ko wata. Kuma wannan daidai ne, al'ada. Duk da haka, irin wannan abin mamaki sau da yawa ya wuce wasu iyakoki kuma ruwayar ya ce game da mutumin. Abin da ake nufi a cikin wannan sanarwa, batun "narcissism" - menene kuma lokacin da za a yi amfani da shi daidai - game da wannan duka kuma yana son gayawa dalla-dalla a cikin wannan labarin.

Sakamakon kalma

Da farko, kana buƙatar fahimtar ra'ayi. Don haka, narcissism - menene? Da farko dai ina so in ce cewa wannan lokacin ya fito ne daga sunan jaririn Girkanci Narcissus (bisa ga ka'idodi), wanda duk lokacin da yake sha'awar cika fyaucewa kuma ya mutu da wannan ƙauna (a matsayin hukunci na ƙi ƙin ƙaunar mai kyau). Idan ka matsa zuwa na kimiyya da harshen, to, wannan jiha - shi ne wani alama na dabi'ar mutum (shi yana nufin da korau), wanda yake cike da narcissism. Ya kamata a ambaci cewa a cikin ƙwararrakin hankali babu cikakkiyar daidaito, daidaitaccen tsari na wannan jiha, domin ana la'akari da shi a cikin bambancin daban-daban guda biyu:

1. A matsayin wani abu mai karewa game da dangantaka da ba daidai ba ga mutane.
2. A matsayin bayyanar ƙiyayya ga wasu.

Masana kimiyya

Wadanne masana kimiyya sunyi nazari kan wannan irin abu ne a matsayin narcissism? Freud da Ibrahim - wadannan su ne mutanen da ayyukansu sukan ambata wannan ra'ayi. Ya kamata a ambata cewa sun yi nazarin shi a layi daya, suna aiki da rubutu, kuma daga bisani sunyi magana da juna game da wannan. Saboda haka, Freud (wanda ya karbi wannan kalma daga Bulus Nacke da Haslock Ellis, wanda ke bi da shi kamar yadda mutum yayi tunanin jikinsa a matsayin abin jima'i) ya bayyana cewa duk wani bayyanuwar narcissism shine ladabtarwa ga ƙaunar mace-mace, wanda aka bayyana a cikin Wadannan haruffa masu ban mamaki.

Mene ne Ibrahim ya ce game da wannan ma'anar "narcissism"? Mene ne daga ra'ayinsa? Saboda haka, yayi la'akari da wannan yanayin a cikin marasa lafiya tare da schizophrenia, wanda ya juya daga wani ƙauna kuma ya mayar da hankali ga kansu. Wannan yanayin ya kasance da sunan autoerotism, wanda Freud yake so sosai. Ya yanke shawarar inganta shi gaba daya, yana bayyana dukkan tunaninsa a cikin labarin "A kan narcissism", aikin "Gabatarwa ga narcissism", da dai sauransu.

A little more game da Freud

Yana da kyau a ambaci cewa Freud ya ƙaddamar da maƙasudin tushe da na sakandare. Mene ne wannan yake nufi? A takaice, ainihin nau'in wannan yanayin shine tsarin yanayin ci gaba na kowane mutum, wanda ya faru a farkon lokacin haihuwa kuma hanya ce ta al'ada ta bunkasa dangantaka ta dangantaka (bisa ga Freud). Bayanan sakandare na biyu (bisa ga maganganun wannan kimiyya) yana da kariya, wato, mutum ya zaɓi kansa a matsayin soyayya.

Game da ra'ayoyi

Ganin fahimtar manufar "narcissism" (menene kuma yadda za a yi amfani da shi daidai), yana da kyau a kula da gaskiyar cewa akwai nau'o'in irin wadannan abubuwa. Bugu da ƙari, akwai masana'antu da dama da masana kimiyya daban daban suka gabatar akan wannan batu. Na farko daga cikin wadannan sun hada da Gestalt mai ilimin kwantar da hankali Elinor Greenberg:

1. Labaran lafiya. Lokacin da mutum yana son kansa da gaske, wannan yanayin ba ya wuce wani layin kuma ba narcissism ba ne. Wannan shi ne amincewar kai, sha'awar iko, ƙauna. A lokaci guda, tushen shine al'ada lafiyayyen yara tare da darajar darajar hukunci game da kai da sauransu.
2. Rashin narkewa na karewa. Za mu iya cewa wannan gabar magabaci cewa ba ya dace to gaskiya. Alal misali: sha'awar samun iko a kowane fanni, saurin sauye-sauyen burin, sauyawa da akida. Dalili shine sau da yawa "rashin lafiya" traumatic yara daga ra'ayi na tunani.
3. Rikici na asali. Sau da yawa muhimmiyar cikin mutane masu fama da cututtuka da yawa, misali, misali kimiyya.

Siffofin: wasu rarraba

Duk da haka yana da kyau a faɗi cewa sau da yawa a cikin wannan matsala da aikin da aka yankewa ya taka rawar gani, watau, abin da ke faruwa tun daga yara. Kuma mummunar narcissism wani abu ne mai hallakaswa wanda ke kaddamar da ci gaban "I-personality" na mutum.

1. Rikicin narkewa. Zamu iya cewa wannan ƙwarewa ce ta mutum mai daraja, kamar yadda mutum yake, bisa ga dangantaka mai kyau na zumunta. Idan ka ɗauki jinsin da aka sama, to, wannan shine abin da ake kira lafiya ko narcissism.
2. Rushewar. Wannan pathological murdiya sanyata narcissism da take kaiwa zuwa ga gaskiya cewa mutum ne kawai ba daidai ba ko mayalwaci tantance kansu dangane da wasu.
3. Masiha. Ya kamata a ce cewa wannan wani tsari ne wanda ba a bunkasa ba. Wannan wani nau'i ne na rashin iyawa don samun cikakkiyar kwarewa, mutunci, rashin iya yin cikakken cikakkiyar ra'ayi na mutum. Dalilin wannan yanayin ne sau da yawa sanyi ko sha'aninsu dabam yanayi a cikin iyali a lokacin da samuwar mutum , da kuma matakai na farko da ya daidaita a cikin al'umma.

Wakilan daffodils

A shekarar 2007, masana kimiyya Foster da Campbell sun sake nazarin wallafe-wallafen wallafe-wallafen "narcissism". Alamar halayen narcissistic suna da fifiko mai ban sha'awa, da aka ba su a sakamakonsu:

1. Mutanen da ke cikin wannan tunanin na tunanin suna da kyau fiye da wasu.
2. Wadannan mutane ba su dace da kansu ba dangane da wasu, hangen nesa ba su dace da gaskiyar ba.
3. Narcissuses sukan kara yawan ilmi a wani yanki ko wani.
4. Mutanen da ke fama da wannan rashin lafiya suna ganin kansu ne kawai, musamman mutane.
5. Idan akwai zabi tsakanin bukatun, narcissus dole ne ya zaɓi, ya sa su sama da baƙi.
6. Sau da yawa burin narcissism shine nasara.
7. Daffodils sukan nuna fifiko akan wasu.

Hanyoyin kirki irin wannan

Ya kamata a ce cewa narcissism wani abu ne mai cututtuka, wani ɓatawa a cikin mutum psyche. Duk da haka, akwai yanayi masu kama da ke cikin mutane a hanya zuwa wannan cuta. Don haka, wace irin halayen kirki ne irin wannan cuta? Saboda haka, na farko shi ne girman kai. Ɗaya daga cikin zunubai mai tsanani ta hanyar addini, lokacin da mutum zai iya daukaka kansa da yawa, nasarorinsa da cancantarsa. Na biyu irin wannan inganci shine narcissism. Wannan shi ne mataki na farko zuwa narcissism, wanda, duk da haka, zai iya kasancewa kadai. Mutumin yana son kansa sosai wanda kawai yayi daidai da yadda ya dace da mutuncinsa tare da sauran mutane, ya zama mai nuna kansa kawai.

Waɗanne halaye ne na kirki za a iya la'akari? Don haka, wannan amincewar kai ne. A yawancin al'ada wannan abu ne mai kyau, amma amincewa ta mutuncin mutum ya riga ya zama yanayin da ke kusa da matsalar rashin tunani a cikin tunani. A cikin rayuwar yau da kullum, zancen narcissism yakan danganta da wadannan halayen halayen da ke cikin wannan ko mutumin.

Impact a rayuwa

Ya kamata a kuma ce cewa narcissism (duka ɓangarorin farko na bayyanarsa da daga bisani) ya shafi rayuwar mutum. Yana da daraja yana mai cewa wannan hali cuta (kamar yadda, lalle ne, da kuma sauran irin wannan cuta) halin da uku siffofin:

1. Yana da cikakken rinjayar duk wuraren da wuraren yan Adam.
2. Wannan mummunan ba shine barin zuwa ba, yana kula da kwanciyar hankali a tsawon lokaci.
3. Narcissism dole ne dole tare da rashin zaman jama'a disadaptation.

Game da dalilai

Ta yaya narcissism taso? Psychology, zane-zane yana nuna cewa abubuwan da ke haddasawa ne a lokacin yarinya na mutum, wato a cikin dangantaka da mahaifiyarsa. Gaskiya, tabbas, na iya zama kwayoyin, amma har yanzu mafi muhimmanci shine farkon watanni na rayuwar jaririn. Sauran raguwa, gwaji, ba shakka sun bar wata alama mai zurfi a cikin ɗan jaririn kuma ya kai ga lalata ainihin "I-personality". A sakamakon haka, girman da yaron ya kasance a cikin karfinsa, duk wannan yana haifar da samarda dabi'a, kuma burin mutum a nan gaba shine kiyayewa na mutunci (yayin da ba a kafa mutum ba). Duk da haka, ya kamata a ambaci cewa farkon sadarwa tsakanin uwar da jariri har yanzu yana cikin intrauterine - wannan shine daya daga cikin nauyin farko na samuwar hadaddun narcissism a cikin yaron (ko an so yaron, yadda uwa ke ciki da ciki, da dai sauransu). Idan mahaifi da jariri sun haɗu da ƙauna, iyaye suna ba da jinkirin lokaci da kulawa, taimakawa wajen daidaitawa a cikin "babban duniya", zamu iya cewa da tabbaci cewa mutum yana da matsala da "I-identification".