Nau'in na tushen da kuma tushen tsarin. Siffofin da kuma iri na tushen

Akidar - karkashin kasa da shuke-shuke axial kashi, wanda shi ne mafi muhimmanci ɓangare daga gare su, su main vegetative jiki. Saboda tushen shuka gyarawa a cikin ƙasa, kuma an riƙe akwai lokacin da dukan rai sake zagayowar, kazalika da kawota tare da ruwa, da kuma ma'adinai na gina jiki žunsa. Akwai daban-daban iri iri da iri asalinsu. Kowace daga cikinsu yana da kansa rarrabe halaye. A wannan labarin, za mu duba a cikin tushen data kasance iri, da iri tushen tsarin. Har ila yau, mun san su halaye.

Mene ne iri na tushen?

Standard tushen halin da filamentous ko uzkotsilindricheskoy form. A da yawa shuke-shuke, a Bugu da kari ga primary (main) Tushen, ɓullo ma sauran nau'o'in tushen - a kaikaice da adventitious. Bari mu bincika abin da suke su ne.

babban tushen

Wannan inji jiki tasowa daga amfrayo tushen zuriya. Babban tushen ne ko da yaushe guda (sauran iri shuka Tushen yawanci ba a cikin jam'i Chile). Ya ajiye shuka cikin ta rayuwa sake zagayowar.

Domin tushen halin da kyau geotropism, cewa shi ne saboda Duniya ta nauyi, sai ya shige zurfi a cikin substrate tsaye zuwa ƙasa.

adventitious tushen

Adventitious tushen kira shuka iri, wanda aka kafa a kan su da sauran gabobin. Wadannan gawarwakin iya zama mai tushe, ganye, harbe, da sauransu. Alal misali, a hatsi, akwai waɗanda ake kira primary adventitious Tushen cewa nema a mayar da zangarniya daga zurriyar tayi. Da suka ci gaba a cikin shakka daga germination daga zurriyar ma lokaci guda tare da babban tushen.

Har ila yau, akwai leafy adventitious Tushen jinsunan (sakamakon rutin da ganye), ko kara nodes (samar daga rhizomes, aboveground ko karkashin kasa da kara nodes) da sauransu. A cikin ƙananan nodes an kafa karfi tushen, wanda aka sani da iska (ko tunani).

Ana zargin adventitious tushen sa da shuka iya aiki domin vegetative haifuwa.

kaikaice tushen

Kira a kaikaice Tushen, tasowa a matsayin gefen reshe. Su za a iya kafa biyu a cikin babban da a sakandare asalinsu. Bugu da ƙari, akwai iya branched, kuma daga gefe, sakamakon samuwar kaikaice tushen mafi girma domin (na farko, na biyu da na uku).

Manyan gefen jikinsu suna halin da mai gangara geotropism, Ina nufin su girma ya auku a ma a kwance, ko a wani kwana da ƙasa surface.

Abin da ake kira da tushen tsarin?

A tushen tsarin da aka kira dukan nau'i da kuma iri na tushen, akwai a guda shuka (cewa shi ne, su hade). Dangane da rabo daga cikin ci gaban da main, a kaikaice da adventitious Tushen aka ƙaddara ta irin da yanayi.

Nau'in na tushen tsarin

A bambanci ne jadadda kuma fibrous tushen tsarin.

Idan babban tushen raya sosai, kuma shi ne m daga cikin tushen daga wani jinsi wanda yana nufin cewa da shuka ne a core tsarin. Shi ne muhimmi a cikin yafi dicots.

A tushen tsarin na irin wannan ne halin da mai zurfi germination a cikin ƙasa. Alal misali, a tushen wasu ganye zai iya shiga zuwa zurfin 10-12 mita (shuka ƙaya, alfalfa). A zurfin shigar azzakari cikin farji na itacen Tushen a wasu lokuta na iya isa 20 m.

Idan, duk da haka, ya nuna mafi girma adventitious Tushen cewa ci gaba a manyan lambobin, da kuma babban halin da jinkirin girma, tushen tsarin da aka kafa, wanda aka kira fibrous.

Irin wannan tsarin halin, matsayin mai mulkin, monocots da kuma wasu herbaceous. Duk da cewa da fibrous tushen da tsarin ba shiga kamar yadda warai kamar yadda a cikin zuciyar, su ne mafi alhẽri entwine gona barbashi m cikinta. Mutane da yawa ryhlokustovye da rhizome ciyawa kafa fibrillose copious yawa na lafiya Tushen, ana yadu amfani da fastening gullies gona a kan sãsanninta, kuma haka a. Daga cikin mafi kyau-ciyawa zaderniteley hada quack ciyawa, brome, fescue, Kentucky bluegrass da sauransu.

mutated tushen

Bayan hankula kayyade sama, akwai wasu irin tushen da kuma tushen tsarin. Suna da ake kira modified.

Stocking up da tushen

Don Stock sama a kan hada da tushen da kuma korneklubni.

Akidar ne tushen dutsen ado core dangane da shaida a cikinta gina jiki. Ma hannu a cikin samuwar tushen amfanin gona ƙananan ɓangare na kara. Kunsha mafi yawa daga Stocking tamkar nama. Misalai na tushen amfanin gona za su iya zama a matsayin faski, radishes, karas, beets, da sauransu.

Idan thickened to stock tushen ne a kaikaice da adventitious Tushen, suna kira tushen tubers (Cones). Sun ci gaba da dankalin turawa, zaki da dankalin turawa, dahlia, da dai sauransu

m tushen

Wannan kaikaice Tushen, girma a cikin wani dagagge part. Akwai da dama na wurare masu zafi da shuke-shuke. Sun sha ruwa da oxygen daga cikin iska. Akwai da wurare masu zafi shuke-shuke girma a cikin yanayi na rashin ma'adanai.

numfashi tushen

Wannan irin gefen Tushen cewa girma zuwa sama, tanã fita a sama da surface na substrate, na ruwa. Wadannan iri tushen an kafa a tsire-tsire girma a cikin ƙasa kuma m, swampy yanayi. Tare da wadannan tushen da ciyayi ya fita daga cikin iska domin oxygen rashi.

A tallafi (plank-buttress) Tushen

Wadannan iri tushen bishiyoyi hankula na manyan breeds (Beech, Elm, poplar, na wurare masu zafi da kuma m. P.) Shin wani triangular tsaye protuberances kafa a kaikaice tushen da kuma tsawaita daga surface na kasar gona ko sama da shi. Suna kuma kira plank-buttress, kamar yadda suka yi kama da katakan da cewa jingina da wani itace.

Tushen-sucker (haustoria)

Lura a parasitic shuke-shuke, wanda ba zai iya photosynthesize. Gina jiki zama dole ga al'ada aiki, su ake samar da girma na kara ko tushen na sauran shuke-shuke. A lokaci guda sun ana aiwatar da phloem da xylem. Shuka kwari ne misalai na dodder, broomrape, Rafflesia.

Haustorium-semiparasites shuke-shuke da ciwon photosynthetic damar, girma kawai a cikin xylem, shan rundunar shuka kawai ma'adanai (Willow-alkama, mistletoe, da dai sauransu).

Tushen na hooks

Wannan irin ƙarin adventitious Tushen cewa ci gaba a kan tushe na hawa shuke-shuke. Tare da su taimako da shuke-shuke suna da ikon hašawa zuwa da kuma tallafawa wani Yunƙurin (sawu) sama. Wadannan Tushen ne samuwa, misali, da tenacious ficus, aiwi kuma m. P.

Retractable (contractile) Tushen

Halayyar da shuka, tushen abin da aka sharply rage a tsaye shugabanci na tushe. Misalai ne shuke-shuke da kwararan fitila. Retractable tushen Tushen kuma kwararan fitila samar da wani rami a kasa. Haka kuma, su gaban sa a snug Fit kwasfansu (msl, Dandelion) zuwa ga ƙasa, kuma da a tsaye matsayi na wani boye rhizome da kuma tushen abin wuya.

Mycorrhiza (gribokoren)

Kira mycorrhizal symbiosis (moriyar co-zama) daga tushen mafi girma shuke-shuke da fungal hyphae, wanda entwine su, yin aiki na tushen dankon. Namomin kaza samar da shuke-shuke da ruwa da kuma na gina jiki da narkar da shi. Shuke-shuke, bi da bi, ba da fungi da ake bukata domin rayuwar kwayoyin abubuwa.

Mycorrhizae tushen muhimmi a cikin da yawa daga cikin mafi girma da shuke-shuke, musamman woody.

kwayan nodules

Wannan modified kaikaice Tushen, wanda aka saba da cohabit da symbiotic nitrogen kayyade kwayoyin. Nodulation ne saboda shigar azzakari cikin farji na nitrogen-kayyade kwayoyin a cikin matasa asalinsu. Wannan damar da cohabitation yardatayya da shuke-shuke nuna nitrogen wanda kwayoyin cuta suna canjawa wuri daga cikin iska a wani samuwa nau'i a gare su. A kwayoyin kuma samar da wani musamman mazauninsu inda za su iya aiki ba tare da gasar tare da sauran iri kwayoyin. Bugu da ƙari kuma, sun yi amfani da abubuwa ba a cikin ciyayi asalinsu.

Halin kwayan nodules for legumes wanda ana amfani kamar yadda ameliorants rotations domin wadãtar da ƙasa da nitrogen. A mafi kyau nitrogen-kayyade shuke-shuke suna dauke da famfo legumes ciyawa, kamar alfalfa blue da kuma rawaya, Clover ruwan hoda, ja da fari Clover, sainfoin, Lotus corniculatus da sauransu.

Bayan sama metamorphosis, akwai sauran iri Tushen, tushen-kamar struts (taimakawa wajen karfafa kara), stilted Tushen (taimako shuke-shuke ba nutse a cikin lakan) da kuma suckers (adventitious buds da kuma samar da vegetative yaduwa).