Novo-Nikolsky Cathedral (Mozhaisk): description, tarihi, sauran kaya da kuma wuraren bauta

Rasha Orthodox majami'u ne na musamman al'adu darajar. Karkashin majestic gine-gine, da tsabta da kuma animates da yanayi sau da yawa boye labarai, cike da asirai, rigingimu da jini gwagwarmayar da bangaskiya. A daukan hankali hujja da wannan ne Cathedral of St. Nicholas (Mozhaisk). Duk da vagaries na halitta da kuma tarihi da tashin hankali, sai ya tsaya domin ƙarni, kuma har yanzu tsarkake Rasha gona. Menene labarinsa? Kuma abin da su ne asirin da haikalin da kuma wuraren bauta Stores cikin ganuwar ta?

wuri

City, inda Cathedral of St. Nicholas - Mozhaysk. Yana bautarka yammacin ɓangare na Moscow yankin kuma yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin Rasha birane. A farko ambaci shi a tarihin koma zuwa 13-14 karnoni. A lokacin da archaeological tono aka gano Finds daga 3rd dubu. BC. e. Yarjejeniya da bunqasar dangane da wani tudu (yanzu da Cathedral Mountain) a cikin ƙananan kai na cikin kogin Mozhayki. A kadan daga baya Mozhaisk Kremlin da aka gina a nan. A farko shi ne katako. Duk da haka, akwai wata wuta a cikin farkon 16th karni. Dalilin shi bisa ga wasu rahotanni iya kasance fashi da tarzoma tsakanin da labial garambawul. Bayan haka, da sansanin soja zauna earthworks da dutse hasumiya kone. Daga baya, a kan umarni na Ivana Groznogo Mozhaisk Kremlin da aka gina.

A tarihin Ikilisiya

Kamar yadda labarinsa data Nikolsky Cathedral da aka kafa a game da wannan lokaci a matsayin sansanin soja a cikin 12th karni da kuma aka ayi a Nikolsky Gate. Katako, da farko, ya ba su tsira bayan da wuta, don haka a cikin 15th karni fari dutse coci da aka gina. A wannan lokaci, an kira St. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa Cathedral. A lokacin da Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian mamayewa da coci da aka sace, da ginin tsira. A karshen 17th karni, babban coci da aka gina. Gate (babba) coci Nikolsky ƙofar ta samar da wani sabon St. Nicholas Cathedral, da kuma a kasa, bi da bi, shi ne tsohon St. Nicholas Cathedral. Na biyu bayan da dama zane da kuma renovations zama da aka sani da Bitrus da Bulus Church.

description

Externally, da New Cathedral of St. Nicholas ne kawai jera kama da na gargajiya Orthodox ginin. An kashe a na karya-Gothic style, wanda aka mai suna Rasha Gothic. Abu ne mai sauki ga tsammani daga quirkiness na gine-gine da siffofin da wani star of David a gaban. Ciki da haikalin da aka yi wa ado da biyu sassaka katako ginshikan da (!) Mutummutumai tsarkaka. A baƙuncin na style dangane da gargajiya (Orthodox), kuma goyan bayan da kaifi bambanci da haihuwa St. Nicholas Cathedral (yanzu da Bitrus da Bulus Church).

Novo-Nikolsky haikali tsaye a Nikolsky ƙofar a kan tudun da kyau a bayyane a ƙofar birnin. Amsoshi data kuma yi zane-zane sun ba tsira. Duk da haka, wasu kafofin da'awar cewa marubucin Cathedral na aikin ya kasance wani Rasha m da artist Alexey Bakarev.

An yi imani da cewa da gina Haikali ya fara a 1779 amma kawai kammala a 1814. Shi ya tafi a kan yayyanke da lokaci-lokaci canji na masterminds da kuma cin zarafin, tare da tarawa da kuma zane. A ganuwar ta ne da wani sabon abu symbolism ne ba. Wannan shi na samar da wani dalilin masana tarihi da jayayya game da "Masonic" version yi. Wannan yana nuna ta Masonic tasiri cewa ya ba a Rasha a cikin wadanda shekaru. Bugu da kari, wasu masana kimiyya sun nasaba da kwanan wata na ƙarshe na 500 th ranar tunawa da mutuwar last Jagora na Templars - Jacques de Molay. A 1314, sai aka kone a kan gungumen azaba.

Haikali kuma ya hada da wani 11-kafar garun Mozhaisk Kremlin, wanda ba su iya su hallaka a lokaci daya Yaren mutanen Poland gun. A zamanin d masonry, halin musamman ƙarfi ne, kuma AMINCI da aka yi amfani a matsayin wani tushe.

rufewa Cathedral

Daga 1933 zuwa 1994 - a wajen m, kuma m lokaci a cikin rayuwar addini na birnin. Domin ba a sani ba dalilai, an rufe St. Nicholas Cathedral. Mozhaisk a lokacin Great Patriotic War aka mugun lalace. Ko da yake cikin Haikali ya mayar (ba tare da wani tsakiyar Dome na rotunda), a cikin shekaru 60 da na saka factory aka located nan. Kuma shekaru ashirin da daga baya, babban coci da kuma 'yan wasu gine-gine da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga Office of Borodino Soja Tarihi Museum. Kawai a shekarar 1994 a cikin Haikali, ya fara sake je bauta.

gagarumar

A shekarar 2013, akwai wani karfi Mozhaysk mugun kaye. Ya rushe ƙasa daga ƙasar tudu inda New Cathedral of St. Nicholas aka located. Shi ne mai ban mamaki amma gaskiya. Daga mai tsanani rushe gine-gine kare da cewa gagarumar tsaya a wasu 17 mita daga Haikalin. A cewar wasu, qananan raunin da aka har yanzu alama ta bangon yamma. Akwai stucco rushe kuma auku tubalin. Mazauna birnin sun ko da yaushe aka sani game da halitta da hadura da shigewa na babban coci, amma ya ci gaba da halartar ayyuka. Kuma nan da nan su wasika da aka rubuta wa ma'aikatar al'adu na Rasha tare da wani bayani, a cikin abin da wani m matsayi ne Orthodox coci a Mozhaisk, da kuma tambaya game da karfafa shi. A 2014, duk da sabuntawa aikin da aka kammala.

m bacewar

An sani cewa St. Nicholas Cathedral zuwa neman sauyi lokaci kiyaye kayayyakin tarihi na tsarkaka (Sergiya Radonezhskogo, Prince Vladimir, Lawrence-mawashin, shahidi Makary kuma Barbara, da Venerable Michael Stadskogo da Nikon Sukhoi). Duk da haka, a cikin shekara ta 1919, sun mysteriously kuma ya bace.

Sauran m bacewar faru a cikin bazara na shekara ta 1922. Wannan lokaci da asarar da aka fi muhimmanci a cikin ruhaniya da kuma a cikin kayan sharuddan. biyu ubrus da image na Virgin, biyu Zvezditsa, da Chalice tare da alfarma images da aka dauka, da zinariya crosses da lamba na Bitrus I. All da abubuwa da aka yi wa ado da lu'u lu'u da kuma duwatsu masu daraja. Har ila yau, ya bace da rawanin da chasuble da image Nikoly Mozhayskogo. Wanda aka kãma shrine ne ba a sani ba. Sun bace ba tare da wata alama.

Duk da haka, duk da yawa rahotanni, a shekara ta 1925, na gida tarihi N. I. Vlasev, wakiltar Mozhaisk gundumar, a cikin litattafan rubutunku a cikin daki-daki, ya bayyana taguwar Nikoly Mozhayskogo tare da wani rubutu cewa shi ne adana a cikin Kremlin gidan makamai.

icon

Na musamman da darajar da birnin Mozhaisk ya kasance kullum gunki na Nikolaya Mozhayskogo - wani majiɓinci, na da mazaunanta. A farko ambaci shi ake samu ko da a cikin epics "Sadko", "Mihajlo Potyk". Akwai kuma wani tsohon al'ada. A cewar shi, da zarar kewaye ta da yaƙi da abokan gābansu. A gabansa hadari, da mutane na Mozhaisk fara addu'a duk karfinsa Nikolayu Chudotvortsu. Ba da da ewa da sansanin soja bayyana a majestic image na saint. Glittering takobi da kuma menacing duba tsoratar da abokan gāba. Wannan yadda St. Nicholas ya zama majiɓinci, saint ƙanƙara Mozhaev. Bayan haka, wani katako, mutum-mutumi da aka halitta. Hoton depicts saint da takobi a hannunsa na dama da kuma Mozhaiskaya sansanin soja - a kan hagu.

Sassaka ado runtume azurfa chasuble da rawanin tare da manyan lu'ulu'u, da zinariya giciye da duwatsu masu daraja. A gicciye a kan kirji, da kuma kambi da aka yi na zinariya tsantsa, da katako, da takobi da ƙanƙara Mozhaev pozlascheny.

Hoton na St. Nicholas aka sa a St. Nicholas Cathedral. A lokacin yakin na 1812, haikali (har yanzu ba a kare ba) aka muhimmanci shafi, amma sculptures da sauran daraja coci kayayyakinsa sun tsira saboda su aka boye tafi a basements. Yau, da relic an kiyaye a cikin Moscow, da Tretyakov Gallery. Kuma Nicholas Cathedral sanya icon na saint.

ban sha'awa facts

• The banmamaki image na St. Nicholas, saka a kan Nikolsky ƙõfar, tsaro da makiya Mozhaisk. Daidaituwa ko allahntaka arziki, amma a lokacin da icon aka kawar daga birnin, ya aka nan da nan ya kama da abokan gaba. Wannan na samar da wani birane labari, amma ainihin kwanakin da kuma abubuwan da suka faru ba su nuna.
• An sani cewa akwai fiye da dozin na St. Nicholas Church a Rasha. Daya daga cikin mafi girma da aka located in St. Petersburg, Orenburg - daya daga cikin mafi ziyarci. Kuma Nicholas Cathedral (Mozhaisk) ne watakila mafi tsufa a cikin "yan'uwa", kuma m style of gine.
• A karshen karni na 19th lokacin da fairground bukukuwa a Mozhaisk ya ban mamaki sabon abu. Sama St. Nicholas Cathedral ga dama dare da rana a jere shi ya lura da wani haske haske. Jama'a na farko dauki shi ga wuta, kuma gane, dauke da wata ãyã, kuma albarkar Ubangiji.

yau

A halin yanzu Mozhajskij yanki alfahari fiye da dozin shafukan. Daga cikin su suna da muhimmanci musamman Orthodox majami'u. Da farko wuri a cikin wannan jerin ne St. Nicholas Cathedral. Mozhaisk rike ta arziki tarihi da kuma m. Har yanzu, masana kimiyya sun muhawara ko shi ne mai gaskiya Rasha al'adu darajar ko wani Masonic alama. Amma ga Orthodox taron cewa shi ba kome. Daga ko'ina Rasha zo nan da aminci ga venerate mai tsarki da hotuna da kuma sauran kaya da kuma jin tsabta da kuma animates da yanayi. St. Nicholas Cathedral - a hakikanin tarihi abin tunawa, wanda, tare da sauran tsoho Ibada reminiscent na da ikon da Orthodox bangaskiya, da haka yin ishãra da kuma ha mutane na Rasha.