Page tarihi na yakin duniya na biyu: wani tanki yakin Senno, Yuli 1941

Abin da ya faru Yuli 6-10, 1941 Battle of Senno (Lepel ko counterattack) ya kasance kusan ba a sani ba zuwa ga zuriyarsa, ko da yake yawan tankuna da hannu a shi ne a kan sikelin daidai da Battle of Prokhorovka a lokacin yakin Kursk. Kazalika da sauran ayyuka na Red Army na zamani, wannan aiki ya kasance wani ƙoƙari mara nasara ta dakatar da Jamusanci gaba a farko mataki na Great Patriotic War. Sun fi mayar saboda da rashin cin nasara na Soviet counterattack a Belarus da shi ya zauna dã muminai da wuya aka ambata episode m rani-kaka yaƙin neman zaɓe a 1941.

aiki yanayi

Da na jini yakin Senno shi ne na karshe ƙoƙari na Red Army zuwa counterattack sulke raka'a. Bayan yakin ya kare Mechanized Corps, da kuma kara kokarin kama da himma daga abokan gaba a 1941 amounted zuwa hare-haren dakaru tsarin. Yana ƙare mako na biyu na yaki da kuma Jamus, sun shige kilomita 500 - rabin hanya daga iyaka zuwa Moscow. Lokacin da suka kama yaƙi a karkashin Senno, saran m na Wehrmacht ya riga ya koma gaban line ga Vitebsk da Orsha.

A high umurnin da Jamus sojojin daga sosai farko na zaben tsakiyar sashe na Eastern Front a matsayin babban yajin kwatance na Tarayyar Soviet. Akwai aka tura Army Group "Center" - "ta Kudu" da "Arewa" domin wasu Manuniya shi zarce da sauran kungiyoyin biyu a hade. Jamus mechanized raka'a kunshi da 2nd da 3rd tank kungiyoyin - duk a kawo musu kayan sun 7 da 9 motorized sulke rarrabuwa.

Irin wannan sikelin m yiwu su aiwatar da zurfin ɗaukar hoto yanayi da kuma Soviet sojojin. Sassa na Yammacin Front aka lalle ne, haƙĩƙa sauri niƙa. By Yuli 3 da Jamus murƙushe karshe Aljihuna na hadewa da juriya. Soviet asarar sun babbar - game da kashi biyu cikin uku na gaban sadarwa. Hanyar fita daga "tukunyar jirgi" ƙungiyoyin zauna 1 - 2 dubu mutane. duk nauyi da makamai da aka rasa (da jirgin sama, tankuna, manyan bindigogi). Amai da dabara kai tsaye a kan hanya. Front umurnin da wannan gazawar da aka kama da kuma harbe (ciki har da Janar Dmitry Pavlov). A irin wannan yanayi, da kama yaƙi a karkashin Senno. 1941 shi ne mafi tsanani shekara na yaki, da kuma aka yi wani shirin counteroffensive ya yi alkawarin zama ba kasa tsanani mutum kudin ra'ayi fiye da baya yunkurin dakatar da gaba na Jamus.

shirin counterattack

A ra'ayin Lepel counterattack ya kai farmaki a kan tanki raka'a na Wehrmacht kafin su sun shiga dakaru raka'a, wanda ya gudu daga Minsk. Wannan shirin ya yi daidai da daya daga cikin key soja ka'idojin - fasa makiya a cikin guda. Bugu da kari, da gwaninta na farko da makonni biyu na adawa da Jamus ya nuna cewa sarkar da dakaru ƙungiyoyin fafitikar da wani tanki hari ne musamman wanda ya kasa aiki. Saboda haka, ga alama ma'ana dauki pre-emptive yajin kan sprawled Wehrmacht sojojin. Yana da aka kuma mu kasance cikin sharuddan kõɗayya, da Senno.

Yuli 1941 ya ba da mafi mũnin sau ga counter-m, a yankin. Mafi yawa daga cikin rundunar Jamus bai matsa zuwa gabas da kuma arewa-maso-gabas - jagorancin Wehrmacht nemi maza maza don bugun sama da kasashen yammacin Dvina. A band dũka Soviet biyu kawai maƙiyi rarrabuwa (17th da 7th Panzer), ko da yake sun kasance wani karaya da karfi.

A kan Hauwa'u na yaƙi

Maraice na 4 Yuli Semyon Timoshenko (wanda a cikin wannan rana da shugaban Western Front), da kuma Leo Herman Malandin Mehlis amince da umarnin da cewa aiki ya shirya wani counterattack a cikin shugabanci na tsibirin kuma Senno. A karshen aya daga cikin m aka kafa Lepel, wanda ya ba da sunan aiki. Duk da haka, a kan counter a cikin shiryawa mataki na Yammacin Front jagora sanya kuskure mai tsanani. Yana da aka kuskuren kiyasta maƙiyi damar cewa a fili nuna yakin Senno. Hotuna daga cibiyar da yaƙi a lokacin cewa aiki ne kusan tafi, amma daya asara za a iya gane cewa mahadi daga cikin Red Army kasa da manufa.

Umurnin da kasashen yammacin Front, sauri da kungiyar na counter-kai hari ne ma saboda lokaci yana aiki ga abokan gaba. A mako daga baya, da Jamusanci dakaru rarrabu, kawo karshen yanayi na Minsk da Bialystok "boilers" sun kasance mafi kusanta zuwa gaban Lines. A wannan yanayin, da ma'auni na ikon ya canza cardinally. Tare da kowane wucewa rana ta Red Army sami kanta a cikin wani ƙara wuya matsayi, da kuma wani bata lokaci ba na ko da 'yan sa'o'i daraja tsada sosai.

Shirye counter 7th Mechanized Corps, umarta ta Vinogradov koma yamma da Moscow Soja District, wani 24 na watan Yuni. Machine a ƙafafun buga da hanya ƙarƙashin da kansa da iko, da kuma sa ido motocin da aka ɗora Kwatancen a kan jirgin dandamali. A kan hanyar Mechanized Corps samu dama sabon kalubale, kamar yadda halin da ake ciki a Belarus da aka canza ma azumi.

A ma'auni na sojojin

Jamus 7th Panzer Division sãɓã wa jũna a rare domin irin wannan mai kafa tsarin. Yana kunshi 4 battalions. Yawan tankuna ya rikodin ga dukan Eastern Front - 265 fama raka'a, na da makonni biyu na yaki da 25 da aka rasa. Duk da haka, a cikin Soviet 7th Mechanized Corps hada da sau biyu kamar yadda da yawa motoci.

Mafi yawa daga cikin shakatawa Jamus rabo kunshi model Czech "Skoda" 1938 samar. Wadannan hur tankuna da 37 mm gun da kuma tattara tare da rivets da kusoshi gidaje. A lokacin da ka buga wani maƙiyi harsashi, wadannan abubuwa zo kashe da kuma raunata da ƙungiya. Don haka ya kira "Skoda" fasaha mu'ujiza da wuya matuƙa. Bugu da kari suka kasance har yanzu haske PZ-II. Su tara makamai kananan 20 mm igwa. A halin yanzu Soviet sassa HF da kuma T-34. Bayani dalla-dalla ba da damar su a wani bugun fenariti da waccan mujalla da muka Jamus model defuse dukan wannan wurin shakatawa, mafificin da m hasarori. Yana da wannan yaki a kan hoto ya nuna artist Nikolai Nazarchuk. "The Battle of Senno" Belarushiyanci artist ya zama daya daga cikin mafi recognizable misalai na yaƙi.

Manyan bindigogi da kuma dakaru

A tank ƙungiyoyin tankuna sun "mashi batu", amma irin wadannan samuwar ake bukata a cikin "flagstaff" - dakaru da manyan bindigogi. Yaya ne yanayin da wadannan sassa a cikin Jamus rarrabu? Manyan bindigogi rajimanti kunshi 36 bindigogi - kagaggun howitzers da kuma 'yan bindigogi. Wadannan alkaluma sun fi suna fadin fiye da Soviets. The biyu tank ƙungiyoyin sun kusan ɗari. Bindigogi. Hakazalika, rabo a cikin dakaru: 15 dakaru battalions na Red Army a kan Wehrmacht a 4.

A fannin faru na 7th Mechanized Corps Soviet na lamba amfani da aka biyu Musulunci, yayin da 5th Mechanized Corps na bakwai da takwas sau. A manyan yawan tankuna daga baya ya zama wani lokaci domin gwada yakin Senno Prokhorovsky sanannen yaƙi a lokacin yakin Kursk a 1943.

5th Mechanized Corps da a nasu musamman tsarin - biyu ƙarin manyan bindigogi rajimanti aka haɗe da shi. Wadannan sassa ana kara daga ajiye ma'aikatan na Yammacin Front. Su ma an kira tsarin-haifa manyan bindigogi rajimanti. An muhimmanci alama daga cikin wadannan kungiyoyi da aka gaban nauyi-howitzer bindigogi 122-mm da 152-mm zamo. Halitta su ne ba kawai ilmin lissafi, amma kuma ingantaccen magabaci a kan abokan gaba manyan bindigogi.

Battle of Senno iya kawo karshen sama ko da sauri, idan da Jamus sun bar a Borisov da biyu motorized dakaru bataliya, wani tanki bataliya da antitank bataliya. Wadannan guda aka bar tsare yana kokarin muhimmanci mararraba na Berezina. Wadannan raka'a kasance a ƙarƙashin Senno kawai Yuli 7, rage lamba magabaci daga cikin 5th Mechanized Corps da su rubanya.

fara counter

Yuli 5, 1941 ya fara shirye-shirye domin yaƙi na Senno. 14th Panzer Division da 7th Mechanized Corps sanya wani 40-mile Maris da kuma shagaltar da na farko wuri domin yi nufin counter-kai hari. Wannan shi ne yankin Ostrovno - Gnezdilovichi - SVETOGOR nisan kilomita 10 gabas Chernogostnitsa River. Wani 18th Panzer Division aka da ɗan jinkiri. By tsakar rana, kashegari, ta mayar da hankali a garesu daga cikin kogin Obolyanka. 5th Mechanized Corps dauki up mukamai a Orsha gundumar.

A Yuli 6, yakin Senno shiga wani aiki zamani. A 14 Panzer raka'a biyu (kunshe a kowane kamfanin na tankuna da bataliya dakaru) aka kafa. Wadannan mahadi yi kokarin tilasta Chernogostnitsu kuma zauna a wajen yamma na kogin. Daya naúrar zahiri gudanar ya riƙe a kananan bridgehead kusa Sarraut lake. A wannan lokaci, sojoji na 18th Panzer Division kai gabashin karkata daga Senno kuma akwai shiga wani m yaƙi da Jamusawa. A yamma, maƙiyi aka fitar daga birnin. A wannan bangaren na gaba, Soviet sojojin tafi a kan tsaron gida. Yana shi ne kawai nasara ga tsawon lokaci da aiki.

rushewa daga tsare-tsaren

Yuli 7 tank yaƙi ci gaba a karkashin Senno. All baya dare da Soviet sojoji a mararraba shirya Chernogostnitse. A safiyar 14th Panzer Division koma su zuwa yamma kogin key. Promotion bogged saukar bayan 4 kilomita. Tankuna fuskanci babban sojojin na 7th Panzer Division. Soviet Connection sha wahala nauyi asarar da suka tattara zuwa ga asali gabashin tudu. Su sa'an nan ya koma zuwa ga insular da kuma fara fitarwa na ta kaya part.

A halin yanzu, da Jamus suka kaddamar da wani farmakin daga arewa a Senno, inda masu kare 18th Panzer Division. Red Army bar birnin da tsakar rana a kan Yuli 8. A wannan lokaci, 5th Mechanized Corps jagoranci wani m yaki da abokan gaba da tankuna, 20 kilomita kudu na Senno. Ya gudanar ya karya da Jamusanci shafi, amma m counterattack mayar da matsayi wannan tarihi.

Yuli 9th 14th da 18th Panzer Division tsallake zuwa gabashin tudu Obolyanka. Jamus kama daga Senno fara ci gaba da babbar hanyar mota zuwa Smolensk. 10 na gaba raka'a shiga Oboltsy. By karkatar rana, da Jamus wuce kilomita 40 da kuma kai kan hanya, da nisan kilomita 30 yamma da Orsha. A Soviet 5th Mechanized Corps da aka fuskanci barazana da cikakken encirclement. UmurninSa yanke shawarar ja da baya, kamar yadda ragowar sulke rarrabuwa.

Results da dalilan gazawar

Saboda haka, tank yaƙi a Senno ga Soviet sojojin zo da kome ba. Sojojin bai cika wata na ayyuka. Iya ba tafi rabin hanya zuwa Lepel. A cikin wannan shirin da babban duka aka amfani a kan flank na Polotsk Jamus kungiyar, amma shi ba ya jawo wa kansu wani asarar - har shi kawai ba kai. Ga cikakken mako fadan da aka rasa a kusa da 70% na kayan aiki. Saurã daga tank ƙungiyoyin rasa su yãƙi iya aiki da baya ya ci gaba da mirgine zuwa gabas, har suka karshe ya bace a cikin "tukunya" kusa Smolensk.

Menene dalilin wannan gazawa? Yuli 17, 1914 kusa da kauyen Liozno a Vitebsk fursuna da aka dauka na farko leftana Yakov Dzhugashvili - dan Iosifa Stalina. A lokacin da tambaya, ya koka game da mummunan iska harin da Jamusanci Junkers. A wannan ra'ayi da aka bayar da shawarar da a cikin rahoton na kwamandojin a Moscow. Daga baya ta yi gudun hijira zuwa Soviet historiography kuma ya dade da aka dauke marar sakewa gaskiya. Babban dalilin da aka rasa yakin Senno, dauke destructional da ubiquitous Jamus jirgin sama, daga safe har dare da swooped valivshuyu bama-bamai a kan Red Army.

Duk da haka, da gaskiya da yawa a mafi hadaddun. Yana shafi kasawar shugabannin rawar daji da kuma kafa sadarwa tsakanin daban-daban kungiyoyin. Bugu da kari, da Red Army kawai ba su da kwarewa na gudanar da irin wannan manyan sikelin-aiki, yayin da Wehrmacht zo da Tarayyar Soviet, suka yi yawa nasarori a Turai. Duk wannan sanya m lamba da kuma ingantaccen magabaci na Soviet sojojin.

Jihar umurnin tsarin da aka gurgunta bayan da 'yan danniya. Mafi yawa daga cikin gogaggen soja, da suka hada da yakin basasa, da aka harbe saukar kõ kuwa zaune a sansani. Wannan zai iya shafar yadda yaƙin ya kan ta Senno. A sakamakon daga gaggãwa, kuma bad yanke shawara a mataki na farko da yaki da aka nuna a cikin wani iri-iri na setbacks a Yammacin Front. Wannan Trend ya watsa ba kawai a Lepel counter-hari, amma kuma dukan 1941 yaƙin neman zaɓe.

asara

A cikin sharuddan asarar yakin Senno a 1941 corresponded zuwa da hankula rabbai na yaki. Jamus rasa game 1 kashe 4 rauni (total asarar amounted zuwa 468 mutane). Yana da aka rasa game da 50 raka'a kayan aiki (tankuna). Babbar asarar da ya faru a yakin da 5th Mechanized Corps Senno game 7 - 9 Yuli.

All sauran Figures a Soviet sojojin. 5th da kuma 7th Mechanized Corps suka rasa kusan dukkan ta tankuna (a total fiye da 1000 raka'a, wanda shi ne game da 20 sau fi da cewa da makiya). Ko a yau, masana tarihi daidai kasa gano abin da ya faru da cewa dabara. A Figures, wanda ya fadi a cikin Red Army umurnin rahotanni sau da yawa bai dace da zahirin gaskiya, kuma saboda wannan suna ba za a iya rage ga Jamus data.

Duk da haka, kawai san cewa a lokacin da kammala tank yaƙi a Senno 1941, da 18th Armoured Division akwai ba daya daga cikin 220 tankuna, 14th - ostalos14 tankuna, 13th 5 tankuna na 393. a daidai wannan lokaci, da mafi alheri da halin da ake ciki ya kasance tare da motoci. Alal misali, 14th Division bar 34 motoci da 475 sufurin kaya motoci, kazalika da 56 benzotsistern.

Rahotanni da Facts

Personal asarar Soviet sojojin, kamar yadda a cikin hali na Jamus, a full yarda da rabbai ba daidai ba ga tarayyar Soviet a 1941. Alal misali, bisa ga hukuma rahotanni a lokacin da guda 14-Panzer Division kashe 193 mutane, da suka ji rauni 359, kuma fiye da 3 da mutane dubu da aka ruwaito da samarwar. Duk da haka, wadannan alkaluma suna m yau. Sun musanta cewa a kan Yuli 25 dauke da makamai rajimanti ne kawai 552 kananan makamai (bindigogi) ne, alhãli kuwa bisa ga rahoton ba tare da ƙari a cikin sahu ya zama domin fiye da 5 da mutane dubu.

Babban rata tsakanin mai so ya shiryar da tsarin za a iya bayyana ta da hujjojin da kuma ta rahotanni ɓõyẽwa, da retouch su kasawa kafin hukumomi. A can farko na yaki irin labarun kasance sananne. Ba ta kasance ba togiya, da kuma yakin Senno. A hasarori na Red Army da Wehrmacht a wani hali sun incommensurable, da kuma cewa wannan adadi mafi fili da bala'i mai girma Patriotic War.