Polyester. Wani irin kayan ne, kuma menene amfani

A wa annan lokuta lokacin da aka fara gabatar da mabanguna da kwaskwarima a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum, ya zama kamar mutane cewa tare da taimakon su zai yiwu a warware kusan dukkanin ayyukan da suka fi ƙarfin kayan kayan halitta. Irin wannan fasahar kimiyya da fasaha-euphoria ya kasance daga marigayi har zuwa shekarun nan bakwai, har sai da 'yan adam suka yarda cewa auduga, flax ko ulu don tufafi, a mafi yawan lokuta, ya fi kowannensu dabara. Duk da haka, waɗannan shekarun da suka wuce ba su da banza, yawancin halaye masu amfani da magungunan polymers sun tsara yanayi don aikace-aikacen da suka dace a fannoni daban-daban na aikin ɗan adam.

Ɗaya daga cikin kayan haɗin gwiwar da aka fi sani shine polyester. Mene ne wannan samfurin, wacce samfurori ke amfani da ita yanzu? Don amsa waɗannan tambayoyin, dole ne ka fara fahimtar sunadarai da kayan masarufi na wannan polymer.

Aikin kayan polyester abu ne mai nauyin polyester. A cikin kira na wannan polymer, ƙananan hawaye sun tashi, suna mai karfi sosai. Kamar yadda aka yi amfani da tufafi, wannan yana nufin babban tsayin daka wajen yaduwa da creasing. Yana da kyau? Tabbas, ga wasu ɗakin bayanan gida waɗannan halaye ne kawai ba za a iya jurewa ba, kazalika da ikon yin tsayayya da danshi. Amma duk abin da ke gefe. Low hygroscopicity da rigidity na wannan abu ba shi da dadi game da fata. Duk da haka, ba zai yiwu a yi magana game da polyester ba, cewa yana da mahimmanci yadudduka don yin tufafi, kawai yanki na aikace-aikace ya iyakance.

A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban akwai sunayen kasuwancin daban, wanda ke nuna polyester. Za'a iya haɗa nau'in kayan albarkatun kasa, alal misali: "ulu ulu 65%, lavsan 35%". Maganar ita ce, a farko kallo, kasashen waje, a gaskiya ne wani rabuwa da Cibiyar Kimiyya shi ne Academy of Sciences, da kuma haruffa "L", "A" da "B" na nufin dakin gwaje-gwaje na masu girma kwayoyin. A Amurka, an samar da wannan abu a ƙarƙashin sunan "dacron".

A cikin fasaha, an yi amfani da wannan polymer saboda amfaninta na musamman. Alal misali, ana amfani da polyester 100% don samar da kayan marufi waɗanda suke buƙatar ƙarfi. Menene wadannan kaddarorin? Rashin ƙarfin yunkuri don karfafawa bales, wanda ke da karfi idan aka skee shi, shi ne kawai dan kadan ya fi dacewa da juriya na rukin karfe zuwa rupture, yayin da polymer ya fi ƙarfin, kuma, mafi mahimmanci, mai rahusa fiye da ƙarfe. Ƙarfin yarns na polyester ya sa su yi amfani da su a lokuta lokacin da sashin ya zama abin dogara sosai, kuma igiyoyi da aka sanya daga gare su zasu iya tsayayya da kaya mai yawa.

A cikin kamfanonin jiragen sama na duniya da kuma zane motoci a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, akwai kuma fadada fadada ikon kayan kayan polymer. Duk wani ɓangare, don yin amfani da shi maimakon filastik dural, ya rage nauyi da inganta juriya na lalata. Don jirgin saman soja, wannan polyester na da wani muhimmin abu: masana kimiyya sun kafa, ta hanyar nazarin polyester, cewa wannan abu ne na rediyo. Wannan yanayin yana baka damar yin wasan kwaikwayo daga gare ta, kuma tarin jirgin sama ya zama marar ganewa ga tsarin tsaro na iska mai yiwuwa maƙiyi.