Trans-Siberian Railway: ci gaban bunkasa, muhimmancin. Hanyoyi don ƙara yawan aiki

Harkokin Railway Trans-Siberian, wanda aka kafa a cikin karni na ƙarshe, ya wuce ta dukan ƙasashenmu kuma ya haɗu da Turai tare da Siberia da Far East. Wannan rukunin jirgin kasa mai tsabta ya kasance babban haɗin gine-ginen rukuni na Rasha a cikin kwata na karni na farko.

Fara fara

The yanke shawara a kan gina Siberian Railway a baitulmalin da aka yi ta da tsarist gwamnati a cikin 80-ies na XIX karni. A shekara ta 1887, an shirya fasinjoji guda uku don gano wuraren da za a ba da hanya ga Kudu Ussuri, West Baikal da kuma Siberian babbar hanyar. Harshen ginin Tra-Siberian Railway ya fara a 90s na karni kafin ya wuce. An yanke shawarar da za a gina hanyar Siberian mai girma a cikin hunturu na 1891. Ginin ya fara a bangarorin biyu - daga Vladivostok zuwa Chelyabinsk.

Matakan farko na kwanciya

Gina Trans-Siberian Railway, da yiwuwa ga ci gaban da yanzu ko'ina a dama, saukarwa:

1. 1893 - shirya hanya daga Ob zuwa Irkutsk.

2. 1894 - aikin ginin arewacin Ussuri ya fara.

3. 1897 - farkon kwanciya KVZHD.

4. 1898 - an cire wani sashi daga Ob zuwa Krasnoyarsk.

5. 1900 - The yanke shawara a kan gina da Circum-Baikal Railway.

6. 1906 - an gudanar da binciken ne don kafa Amur Railways.

7. 1911 - kwanciya na Kerk-r. Cutar da wani reshe zuwa Blagoveshchensk.

8. 1916 - commissioning na gada fadin Amur River.

Yawancin hanyoyin zirga-zirgar Trans-Siberian da ke cikin shekarun nan ya ba da damar zama babban tashar sufuri na kasar. Amma a lokacin yakin basasa jihar sabuwar hanya, da rashin alheri, ya kara tsananta. Da dama da dama sun hallaka da kuma kone su. Har ila yau, ana amfani da wajan da motocin locomotives. Nan da nan bayan karshen yakin, duk da haka, aikin sake gina ma'adinai ya fara. A lokacin hunturu na 1924-1925, alal misali, an gina ginin Amur. Hanyoyin da ke kan hanya ya fara ne a shekara ta 1925 kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa yau.

Hanyar Railway Trans-Siberian a zamaninmu

Tarihin hanyar Tra-Siberian Railway yana cike da nasarori masu yawa. A lokacin shekarun Soviet, hanyar da aka ci gaba da bunkasa kuma an dauke shi aikin gina kasar Rasha. A halin yanzu, Trans-Siberian Railway yana daya daga cikin manyan tashar jiragen kasa a duniya. A cikin Rasha, ana daukar nauyin fiye da kashi 50 cikin dari na dukiyar kayan sufuri da fitarwa. Hanya ce mai sauƙi mai sauƙi mai sauƙi, cikakke sosai da sadarwa ta zamani da kuma wuraren sadarwa. Kayan kayan fasaha na babbar hanya zai ba da izinin hawa fiye da miliyan 100 na kaya a kowace shekara tare da iyakar haɗin hawan 90 km / h.

Abubuwan da ke cikin layin sun haɗa da, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, rashin samun buƙata ta kowace iyakoki. Abin baƙin ciki, da karfin da hanya a cikin 'yan shekarun fara samun koma baya. Kuma wannan yana nuna bukatun sabuntawa.

Halaye na Tra-Siberian Railway: tsawon waƙoƙi, kayan aiki

Kwanakin tsawon hanyoyin Transsib yana kimanin kilomita 10. A wannan lokacin wannan hanya ce mafi tsawo a duniya. A cikin dukkanin biranensa 87 ne ke samuwa, 14 daga cikinsu ne yankunan yankin.

80% na masana'antun masana'antu na jihar da kuma albarkatu na asali suna da hankali ga yankunan da ake amfani da su. Game da hanyoyi 30 na sufurin jiragen sama na kasa da kasa da na gida sun fara ta Tranbeb. A kan zirga-zirgar fasinjan fasinjoji, tafiya a wannan hanyar, wadda ke ci gaba da hanyar sadarwa ta Turai, ta kasance kwanaki 6 daga Moscow zuwa Vladivostok.

Aikin zirga-zirga na Trans-Siberian, haɓaka ci gaba suna da nasaba da bunkasa tattalin arzikin kasa, a kan yankuna na biyu: Turai (19.1% na hanyar) da Asiya (80.9%). A tsawon tsawonsa, akwai tashoshi 1,852.

Yanayin yanayi na Tra-Siberian Railway da matsaloli masu dangantaka

Hanyar wannan hanyar an fara a duk bangarori masu tasowa: steppes, hamada na daji-steppe, da taiga. A cikin yankunan arewacin, babban layi na ɓangare a cikin yankin permafrost (alal misali, kusa da Lake Baikal). Matsalar da ke cikin alaka da wannan jirgin kasa sunyi magance wadannan:

• Hasarin dutse da ke fadowa daga gangarawa da girgizar asa a wuraren tsaunuka;

• Dole ne a kula da hanyoyi da yawa a yayin da yanayin zazzabi ya sake canzawa a wurare tare da yanayin saurin yanayi;

• Bukatar kula da babban adadi na gado;

• Daidaita daidaita waƙoƙi a cikin yankin permafrost;

• Shirya don kawar da sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa.

Saboda haka, da yanayi na Trans-Siberian Railway za a iya dauke sosai hadaddun. Don shawo kan sakamakon da abubuwa daban-daban masu banbancin yanayi ke ciki, RZD ya kashe kudi mai yawa.

Sanin ci gaba

Don kwanan wata, mafi yawan dukiya daga ƙasar gabas zuwa yamma aka hawa da teku. Kamfanonin sufuri na ruwa suna jin cewa suna da kansu, sabili da haka, sau da yawa ba su da kyau, suna karuwa da farashin ayyukansu. A sakamakon haka, da masu sana'a masu yawa, ana ganin Trans-siberian Railway a matsayin mai kyau madadin zuwa sufuri na teku.

A wannan fannin, gwamnatin Rasha, tare da jagorancin RZD, ta ƙaddamar da dukkanin matakan da za a iya inganta hanyar wucewa ta hanya mai mahimmanci kamar hanyar Tra-Siberian Railway. Manufar ci gabanta an ƙaddamar da shi ne ta hanyar kwaskwarima game da cigaban Railways a Rasha har zuwa 2030. Sai kawai har zuwa shekarar 2015, kimanin kimanin miliyan 50 rubles aka kashe a lokacin gyaran hanya. Har zuwa 2030 a kan Railway Trans-Siberian an tsara shi don ƙirƙirar mafi kyaun yanayi na motsi na gangami na musamman da jiragen fasinja. Bugu da} ari, Cibiyar Tattaunawa ta RZD, ta} ir} iro wani al'amari game da harkokin sufuri, a hanya, har zuwa 2020, wanda ya bayar da:

• Ƙaddamar da farashin tarho;

• Ƙarin inganta ƙungiyar sufuri;

• Inganta ingancin sabis;

• Ƙaddamar da fasahar da ke samar da bayanai ga abokan ciniki game da wuri da kuma yanayin kaya a ainihin lokacin;

• Ƙara yawan samfurin tashar jiragen ruwa a yamma da gabashin kasar;

• Halitta abubuwan kirkirar zamani, da dai sauransu.

Ƙaddamarwa a shekarar 2016

Hanyoyin da ke cikin hanyar Tra-Siberian Railway sun sa ya yi hukunci a matsayin babbar hanyar jirgin kasa a kasarmu a yau. Tun daga farkon 2016, an riga an aiwatar da matakan da aka tsara don yin amfani da layi na lantarki, sake gina gadoji, da kuma manyan tashoshi. Ana kulawa da hankali ga ci gaba da matakan Primorje-1 da Primorje-2, da kuma hada kai tsaye tsakanin Koriya da Rasha.

Hanyoyi don ƙara yawan aiki

Tsawon tsawon hanyar Trans-Siberian Railway, da rashin alheri, ba ya nufin kyawawan kayan da aka samu. Wannan rikici yana da mummunan tasiri akan duk nau'ukan tattalin arzikin kasar, ciki har da tashar jiragen ruwa, ba tare da banda ba. Saboda haka, dangane da al'amura na kungiyoyi, muhimmancin da ake ciki a yanzu shine daidai da kara ƙarfin hanya. A lokaci guda, ana gudanar da waɗannan ayyukan:

• A kan kawar da matsala na tsaftacewa mara kyau na wajan karusai daga hanyoyin jama'a;

• Gudanar da zuba jarurruka na kamfanoni a cikin ci gaba da hanyoyin samar da hanyoyi;

• Hanyar haɗuwa da kowane yanayin sufuri ya shafi harkokin sufuri.

Saboda haka, babbar hanyar jiragen kasa, wadda ke da babbar bukata a kasuwar duniya, ita ce hanya ta hanyar Trans-Siberian. Abubuwan da ake tsammani don ci gaba a matsayin babban mahimmanci ga sufurin jiragen ruwa a yanzu suna da yawa. A lokaci guda, ayyuka na fifiko shine rage lokaci don kayan haɓaka da kuma inganta ingancin sabis na fasinjoji da masu aiki.