Potassium chlorate

Very sau da yawa shi ne wani abu da ake kira potassium chlorate gishiri, mai sunadarai da sunan France - Berthollet, wanda ya buɗe wa potassium chlorate, da dabara na wanda an rubuta kamar yadda KClO3. Berthollet a gwaje-gwajen da samun kayan da mataki na chlorine a alkaline bayani a high zafin jiki a lokacin da dauki. A sakamakon wannan dauki da aka samu potassium chloride, potassium chlorate da uku ruwa kwayoyin. Idan muka bincika da dabara na abu, ya kamata ka kula da abin da bertoletova gishiri arziki sosai a oxygen.

Azahiri bertoletova gishiri ne a colorless lu'ulu'u wanda da yawa daga 2,32 grams da cubic santimita a zazzabi 356oS fara ya narke, kuma a 400 ° C - decompose. A solubility na abu ne 3,25 grams da mutum ɗari grams na wani ruwa-ruwa bayani a zazzabi of 0 ° C. Tare da kara yawan zafin jiki da solubility na potassium chlorate ƙaruwa da.

Tare da isasshen dumama zafin jiki shi ne mai sauqi ka "rabu" oxygen kwayoyin halitta da cewa za a iya nuna irin wannan lissafi: 2KClO3 = 2KCl + 3O2.

Yawanci, domin potassium chlorate aka mayar da martani, a cikin abin da chlorine gas da aka wuce a karkashin tilasta iska matsa lamba ta high zafin jiki bayani na potassium - hydroxide ko carbonate.

A lokacin da dauki tare da hydroxides, chlorine rafi ne directed ta 30% potassium hydroxide bayani, da kuma lokacin da amfani da matsayin tace carbonates irin ayyukan mayar da hankali ga wani matakin na 45% potassium carbonate bayani.

Yana da muhimmanci cewa, a lokacin wannan aiki sakamakon lu'ulu'u abubuwa ba sanƙarar da gas-dauke da hanyoyi ya kamata saboda haka samar da amfani a lokacin alonzha dauki.

Sa'an nan, potassium chlorate, samu a cikin nau'i na lu'ulu'u ne ya kamata a tace ta hanyar gilashin ulu da bushe da kyau. Ya kamata a kauce masa a cikin yin amfani da fasahar tace takarda kayan saboda bertoletova gishiri iya amsa tare da fiber dauke a cikin takarda, da kuma jawo fashewa.

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa, ta hanyar abin da za ka iya samun potassium chlorate gishiri. Mun bayyana wasu daga cikinsu.

Flag Flask Wurtz 5-10 grams permanganate, sa'an nan ta amfani da mazurari wanda ya kasance a baya dole ya saka wata flask tare da bayani, wani fashe na game 30-70 millimeters na mayar da hankali hydrochloric acid. Better kullum yi drip, saboda a wannan hanya mafi yadda ya kamata kayyade ta kudi na samuwar chlorine a lokacin da dauki.

Samun potassium chlorate da electrolysis kuma iya. A saboda wannan dalili mai mayar da hankali bayani da talakawa gishiri bazu lantarki a halin yanzu. Wannan dauki ne da za'ayi kamar haka. Yana daukan wani adadin gishiri, da mafi kyau ba iodized kuma m. A ingancin da kayan aiki amfani da biyu wayoyin na graphite, gilashi, lantarki wayoyi, a beaker, wani m flask Wurtz. Wayoyi da alaka da mataki-saukar gidan wuta via wani rectifier cewa sabobin tuba AC zuwa DC. Electrolysis da aka gudanar a wani bayani da zazzabi na 70 - 80 digiri.

A dauki suranta potassium chloride, wanda shi ne yafi mai narkewa a cikin ruwa fiye da bertoletova gishiri. Saboda haka, bayan da hanya na da dauki, potassium chlorate ajiye a kan garun da jirgin ruwa da kuma na potassium chloride an narkar da a ruwa.

Lokacin yin daban-daban gwaje-gwajen da kuma halayen da abu dole biya da hankali ga gaskiyar cewa garwayayye, musamman da kwayoyin kayan - musamman m, kazalika da "m" don amsa ga duk wani nau'i na punches, daukan hotuna zuwa high yanayin zafi. Daga cikin mafi aiki abubuwa da amsa tare da chlorate gishiri hada sulfur, antimony, da saba carbon baki, ja phosphorus, ko da sukari da kuma sitaci.

A musamman hadari ne potassium perchlorate - Potassium Perchlorate. Wannan fili yana da wani iko sosai m, don haka aka yi amfani a matsayin "aiki matsakaici" a gurnetin, projectiles da mahakar. Lokacin da tsawo ajiya lokaci, wannan fili zai iya spontaneously ƙone.