Prague, wani abin tunawa ga Stalin. Tarihin abin tunawa "Mutanen Czechoslovakia - wanda ya kyauta"

Bankin hagu na Vltava, mai nisa da Chekhov Bridge, yana da ban mamaki kuma a wasu hanyoyi ko da tarihin tarihin. Anan a wani lokaci shi ne mafi girma abin tarihi na al'ada a tarihin Rundunar ta USSR. "Mutanen Czechoslovakia - zuwa ga mai sassaucin ra'ayi" - wannan shi ne sunan hoton da aka ba JV Stalin. Ta tsaya kawai shekaru 7, amma ya bar wata alama mai haske a cikin rayuwar mutane.

Tarihin halittar halitta

A cikin ƙarshen shekaru 40 na karni na ashirin, hukumomi sun gabatar da ra'ayin: dole ne a sanya wani abin tunawa ga jagoran mai girma a cikin birni kamar Prague. Jamhuriyar Czech, a wannan lokacin ya kasance guda guda tare da Slovakia, ya kasance dan gurguzu. Wannan yanke shawara ya nuna godiya ga mazaunanta don samun 'yanci daga fassarar. Dole ne alamar tunawa da girman Stalin kuma ya kasance a wani wuri daga inda aka gani gari duka kamar yadda a cikin hannun dabino. Mataki na gaba ita ce zaɓan wuri mai kyau na alamar. Yana da aka samarwa yawo tsakanin Charles Bridge da kuma National Theatre, Vilhon tashar da Letná tudu. Bayan da yawa muhawara da tunani, sai suka yanke shawara. Alamar ya kamata ta tsaya a kan Letna, a gaban Chekhov Bridge. Wannan wurin ya ci nasara ƙwarai: Stalin ya haɓaka a kan kogi, kuma ya kewaye shi da shahararren shahararrun: Castle na Prague, Gidan Cathedral St. Vitus da Karel Kramář.

Sannu! Muna neman tallata!

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan amincewa da wurin da aka tuna a fadin kasar, an sanar da wani gasar tsakanin masu fasaha don aikin mafi kyau. Fiye da 50 ayyukan da aka kimanta da wani juri - da yawa son nuna kansu da su da basira. Amma aikin da aka fi sani da shi shi ne masaniyar Otakar Shvets, wanda yayi aiki tare da haɗin gine-gine mai suna Archite Strusa. Alamar ta kasance wani abu ne kawai: wani shafi na mutane sun tsaya a bayan babban shugaban kungiyar USSR. A gefen dama akwai wakilan Czechoslovakia - wani ma'aikacin, dan kasuwa, mai kirkiro da soja. A gefen hagu - wakilan Soviet Union (ma'aikacin, manomi, masanin kimiyya da Red Army). Wannan hotunan ya kamata ya zama alama ce ta rashin amincewa da kasa na jihohi biyu da kuma hadin kai tsakanin jagorancin dan takara. Duk da haka, mutane sun tabbatar da sunaye mafi daidaituwa kuma daidai: "Jirgin don nama."

Matakai na farko don ƙirƙirar babban halitta

Bayan sun lura da dukkanin ka'idodin, sun fara kafa hoton. Don yin wannan, shirya tarin dutse daga dukan Czechoslovakia. Rundunar sabis na rediyo ta kasance ƙarƙashin manufa ɗaya: aikawa da manyan dutse zuwa shafin shigarwa na hoton (shine, kamar yadda muka sani, game da gari kamar Prague). A abin tunawa ga Stalin sannu a hankali ya fara bayyana. An kafa ma'auni na farko na dutse a 1949. Abu na farko shi ne gina ginin da ke da tushe. To wannan ya tafi tons of granite da kankare. Duk da haka, aikin gine-gine ya fara ne kawai a shekara ta 1952, kuma bayan shekaru uku an bude wani sabon hoton hoton a birnin Prague. Alamar Stalin Ta hanyar kirki za a iya la'akari da siffar mafi girma kuma mafi tsada, wanda aka halitta a zamanin Soviet. Nauyinsa ya kai 14,000 ton. Tsawonsa yana da mita 22, nisa - 12, kuma tsawo - mita 15. Tsakanin abin tunawa ya ƙunshi sassaƙaƙƙun ƙarfafa kayan ƙarfafa, waɗanda aka haɗa su da sassaƙaƙƙun duwatsu daga dukkanin siffofin da aka yi daga Arewacin Bohemian. An yi amfani da kimanin 240 tubalan. Halitta, ginawa da shigarwa na wannan abin tunawa ya ɗauki nauyin dala miliyan 140.

Binciken da aka dade yana ba da farin ciki

A shekara ta 1953, JV Stalin ya mutu, kuma ba tare da ganin babban abin tunawa da aka tsara a cikin girmamawarsa ba. Sakamakon "shugaban dukkanin mutane" ya haifar da mutuwar mutane da dama, wanda ya shafi aikin kirkiro ga mutane. A wannan shekara Stalin ya rasu bayan Klement Gottwald, shugaban kasar na Czechoslovak Jamhuriyar. Ba a ƙayyade ganin halittarsa da Otakar Shvets ba. Rubuce-hamsin na da wuya ga Czechoslovakia: perestroika, danniya, haɗakarwa ta tilas. Dukkan wannan ya bar babban burin akan iyalin mai binciken: a shekarar 1954 matarsa ta kashe kansa. Kuma a lokacin, kafin bude wannan dutsen, Otakar ya wuce.

A ranar 1 ga watan Mayu, 1954, abin tunawa ya kasance mai sauki ga mutane. Duk da haka, ba'a ji daɗin farin ciki na aikin. Ya zo a farkon, Khrushchev ya gabatar da jawabinsa kuma ya gabatar da masu tsara umarnin Lenin. Amma a shekarar 1956 a birnin Moscow, a Ashirin jam'iyyar Congress, Khrushchev sanya wani jawabin fallasa Stalin ta hali sadaukarwa. Bangaskiya a babban jagoran ya damu. An yi watsi da burbushin halittu da aka gina don girmama Joseph Vissarionovich. Prague bai tsaya ba. An ba da wannan alama ga Stalin a 1961 don a hallaka shi.

An warware maƙarƙashiyar hoton!

Na farko, rubutun "Mutanen Czechoslovakia - zuwa ga mai sassauci" sun ɓace daga abin tunawa. Kuma bayan wani lokaci wani mummunar magana an furta cewa: "Stalin" yana bukatar a buge shi. An shirya wannan mabudin don kawar da fashewa. Matsayin mutum da tushe bai haifar da matsala ba. Babbar matsalar ita ce sakawa Stalin. Ya auna kimanin tons. Akwai tsorata cewa wannan ɓangaren abin tunawa zai iya lalata gado Chekhov, wanda ke ƙasa. Saboda haka, ƙungiyar masons da ake bukata suna buƙatar karin makonni da yawa don juya kawunansu zuwa rubutun.

Sa'an nan kuma zuwan rushewa. Cikin hoton ya cika da ammonium, amma bayan fashewa sai ya bayyana cewa wannan bai isa ba. Abin da kawai ke fuskantar ɓangare yana fama. Don halakar da abin tunawa a ƙarshe, sai ya ɗauki fashewa biyu.

A ƙarshe, abin tunawa, wadda ta kasance har tsawon shekaru 7, an rufe shi. Kuma na dogon lokaci akwai wuri mai ban mamaki a kan Letna a cikin wannan birni mai kyau kamar Prague. Czechia a wannan lokacin ya fuskanci tasirin canje-canje a cikin Harkokin Jakadancin Amirka, wanda tsarin Khrushchev yayi. Wannan ya shafi tsarin mulkin kasar. Kusan dukkanin wuraren tunawa a Prague, wanda tsohon shugaban 'yan adam ya kafa, an hallaka su.

Wurin wuri mai banƙyama ba shi da kome

Kusan har cikin tsakiyar 60-ies na XX karni faru fallasa hali daba na Stalin, ba kawai a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, amma a Jamhuriyar Czech. Shiga cikin wannan kuma Prague. An riga an rushe abin tunawa da Stalin. Amma wannan wuri har yanzu komai. An gina wani babban kurkuku a ƙarƙashin abin tunawa don ajiyar kayan lambu, wanda ya kasance kusan shekaru biyu. A farkon shekarun 90, babu wani duniyan rukuni na farko, to, gidan rediyon.

Kafin mujallar Janar Czechoslovak, an yanke shawarar shigar da matakan a kan shafin yanar gizon na Stalin. Domin aiwatar da aikin ya ɗauki Vratislav Karel Nowak. An ɗauka cewa babban labaran, wanda ke nuna lokacin da ba zai yiwu ba, zai nuna bude wannan zane. Duk da haka, an bar metronome bayan an gama shi. Yanzu an haɗa shi a yawancin tafiye-tafiye a Prague.

Maimakon magana mai mahimmanci

Yanzu babban birnin Jamhuriyar Czech yana daya daga cikin birane mafi kyau a Turai. A nan, kusan dukkanin gine-gine za a iya kira aikin aikin gine-gine. Prague a watan Yuni wani abu mai ban mamaki ne: lambun furanni, yawan hasken rana. Hakanan ruwan sama na kwatsam ba zai iya hana yanayinka ba, saboda yawan zafin jiki na sama ya kasance a kusan digiri 16-20. A lokacin rani, ana gudanar da babban adadin bukukuwa daban-daban, wasan kwaikwayo da kuma bukukuwa. Hanyoyin tafiya a Prague suna samuwa ga duk wanda yake so ya ji daɗin jinƙai da jinƙan wannan birni mai haske.