Pugachev azãba a Bolotnaya Square: kwanan wata. Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachov a tarihi

Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachev wani Don Cossack, wanda kuwa ya gangara a tarihi a matsayin shugaban na manoma 'War, wanda ya faru a Rasha daga 1773 zuwa 1775. Ya dauki amfani wanda ya fita alhãli kuwa m jita-jita, da cewa Sarkin sarakuna Peter III, da ake zargin da rai, amma ba bisa ƙa'ida ba hambarar da Catherine II da ta lover Grigori Orlov. Pugachev shi ne mafi nasara na duk yawan ƙiren ƙarya, inda kodayaushe kamar yadda wadanada.

Shirin shugaban 'yan tawaye

A yakin da ya faru a Solenikovoy ƙungiya a karshen watan Agusta 1774, 'yan tawayen suka ci. A saurã daga rundunarsu koma a cikin wani southeasterly shugabanci tare da Volga. A yamma watan Agusta 25 kafin kai da Black Yar, suka gudanar da kuros da farko daga dama gāɓar kogi a kan daya daga cikin tsibiran, sa'an nan tare da shi a gefen. Pugachev jagoranci saurã daga rundunarsa zuwa gabas, ya haye kogi Akhtuba, a kan hagu banki na wanda ya kira wani taro. Aka yanke shawarar a kan kara mataki.

Shugaban 'yan tawayen ya miƙa dama zažužžukan sharar gida. Na farkon su - sauko da Volga da kuma fita zuwa Caspian Sea, sa'an nan a cikin wani roundabout hanya don samun zuwa Ukraine, kuma Ka riskar da Zaporozhye Cossacks. A na biyu embodiment damu a jirgin Bashkiriya ko Siberia.

wata yaudara

Duk da haka, shirin gudun hijira hanyoyi, Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachev bai gane cewa a wannan lokaci a baya shi balagagge mãkirci, wanda da hannu a Cossack kanar, ya yanke shawarar bāshe shi. Ya muƙarrabai yanke shawarar ba shi da hukuma, da kuma a cikin sama sama wa kansa wata gafara daga gwamnatin.

Maƙarƙashiyar dauki bangare JJu Chumakov, IP Fedulev, I. A. Tvorogov da kuma game da biyu da dozin Yaik Cossacks. Su cikakken ba su yarda da wani daga cikin Pugachev da tsare-tsaren da kuma sa a gaba a counter-tsari je a cikin shugabanci na Uzen. Don yin wannan, suka zaɓi hanyar District, da kuma a kan Satumba 8, isa a scene. Mu kame wannan lokacin, a lokacin da babban sojojin Cossacks bayyana a cikin nesa, da maƙarƙashiya ya fadi a kan Pugachev. A kan hanyar zuwa garin Yaik ya sau biyu ƙoƙarin tserewa, amma ga wani wadãtar. Chumakov da cuku, hau gaba, da fuskantar da search jam'iyyar, wanda aka umarta ta wani jarumi Harchev. Ya kawo a cikin wani tawayen Yaitsky gari.

Saboda haka ina aka kama Emelyan Pugachev. Manoma 'War, karkashin jagorancin wannan m mutumin, nan da nan ya ƙare, duk da haka, Suvorov da Panin dade yana kai tsaye hanya a cikin firgita larduna, da kafa su tsohon ikon.

sakamakon

A farko tambaya Emelyana Pugacheva aka ciyar a kan Satumba 15 a garin Yaik. A binciken da ya jagoranci Mavrin kuma abu na farko da ya samu daga duk cikakkun bayanai na biography na detainee. Daga baya a cikin rahoton to, Manjo-Janar Potemkin, ya rubuta cewa Pugachev kuwa ya sami salama da kiyayeshi. Bayan kwanaki uku na tambaya imposter zo da Lieutenant-Janar Suvorov, wanda kaina ya jagoranci bincike. Bayan haka, da aka kama da rakiyar zuwa Simbirsk. Don safarar shi haifar da wata musamman kananan keji saka a kan wani biyu wheeled amalanke.

A Simbirsk daga 2 zuwa 6 Oktoba Pugacheva ba kawai tambaye, amma kuma a yi amfani a game da mahaifansa azabtarwa. Ya yi ɗora wa laifi da kansa da kuma abõkan tãrayya. Oktoba 26, Pugachev aka aika zuwa Moscow a karkashin nauyi tsare. A isowa a babban birnin kasar, ya aka sa a cikin ginshiki na ginin, wanda housed da Mint. Tare da shi da aka dauka da kuma sauran mahalarta a cikin tawaye. Disamba 30, zaman farko na kotun, wanda ya faru a Al'arshi Hall na Kremlin. Kashegari aka kawo a nan, da kuma Pugachev, wanda ya kan gwiwoyi, ya amsa tambayoyi, sa'an nan ji da hukunci. A jumla ya tsaurara: laifin farko kwata, yanke kansa, sa'an nan razvezut sassa na jiki a sassa daban daban na cikin birni da kuma ƙone.

karshe shirye-shirye

Kwanan wata na kisa na Pugachev aka nada a kan Janairu 10, 1775. A safe zuwa da shi a cikin kurkuku, bari firist na Kazan Cathedral Archpriest Theodore, wanda aka yanke masa hukumcin kisa tarayya. Bayan haka, ayarin motocin ya kawo a cikin yadi daure 'yan tawaye da kuma zaunar da ku shi a cikin sleigh. Tare da shi, suka tafi da biyu firistoci, wanda iza shi ya tuba a wannan aiki tare da hanya.

Wannan fice aukuwa a matsayin Pugacheva azãba, sanya wata babbar lamba na mutane tara a Bolotnaya Square kafin alfijir. scaffold kanta da aka killace kashe 'yan sanda raka'a a gaba da kuma aka aika zuwa gare su a cikin goyon bayan dakaru regiments. Su wuya kange m matsa lamba na mutum taron. A mutane ba kawai cika dukan yankin, amma kuma da makwabtaka tituna. Mutane sun kasance a cikin rufi daga makwabta gidaje da majami'u.

Halayyar a kisan Pugachev

Lokacin da wani layi na sledges tare da ayarin shige iyãma gada, Pugachev ya miƙe ya fara zuwa rukũ'i a duk inda. Sai ya ce ban kwana ga mutane. Sani fursunoni mayar da su cikin yankin da kuma tsaya kusa da scaffold. Emelyana Pugacheva da Afanasiem Perfilevym kawo wa dandali. A bãyansu ya tashi 'yan firistoci, bailiffs, kotun da kuma jami'an hukumar executioners.

Sun fara karanta hukunci, a lokacin da babban 'yan tawayen daga lokaci zuwa lokaci an yi masa baftisma kuma shiru ce a salla. Bayan haka, firist albarka mutumin masa hukuncin kisa, da kuma ya ce 'yan kwantar da hankali kalmomi. Pugachev sa'an nan Muka tsĩrar da na karshe jumla farko da kalmomi: "Ka gãfarta mini, Orthodox mutane ..." kuma ya a lokacin da aka bugawa sujada kuma tirelessly yi masa baftisma, ya juya, ya da hankali ga Kremlin Cathedrals.

M events sun fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa wajen sauri. A kisa na Pugachev ya fara da cewa nuna dauke ƙuƙumma da keta tufafi, da kuma a minti daga baya ya jini shugaban da gashi aka gudanar a hannunsa da Executioner.

tunanin shaidu

Mawãƙi da fabulist na zamanin Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, kamar mafi yawan Moscow nobility, ya ba da nisa daga scaffold, da kuma iya ganin duk cikakkun bayanai na yadda da kisan Pugachev. Duk da cewa 'yan tawayen sarki yana da wani suna a matsayin wani karaya barawo, wani marubuci a fuskarsa na bai lura da wani abu m, ko ferocious. Ya bayyana shi a matsayin talakawa mutum cikin forties, na matsakaici tsawo, tare da duhu kama da wani nuna gemu. Azahiri, shi ne babu abin kamar Sarkin sarakuna Peter III, da kuma shi ne mai ban mamaki yadda mutane zai iya daukar daya ga sauran.

Wani mashaidi daga waɗanda events, masanin kimiyyar, marubuci kuma masanin falsafa, Andrey Timofeevich Bolotov, ya lura da wani bakon karkacewa a cikin kisan hanya. Bisa ga hukunci, Emelyana Pugacheva ya quartered t. E., First yanke hannuwansu da ƙafãfunsu kuma kawai sai ya yanke kansa. Duk da haka, da Executioner yi haka ba. Babban Jami'in 'Yan sanda Arkharov ya a babban rikice da kuma la'ane Executioner ga irin dubawa. A sakamakon haka, hannunwansa da ƙafafunsa kuwa an yanke kaso mutum bayan mutuwarsa.

Grace Catherine II

Ya wannan wani dubawa Executioner bazuwar, ko ya aikata shi da gangan? Wannan rubuta A. S. Pushkin a cikin littafinsa "History of the Pugachev fitina". Ga mawãƙi ake magana a wata wasika daga sarki da yarima Volkonsky, wanda aikatã game da gaskiyar cewa ba da damar bil'adama da aiki gilla ko da mãsu laifi. Saboda haka, kafin aiwatar da hukumcin kisa da aka dauka wurin Pugacheva Ekaterina wai verbally daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar da Cif na 'yan sandan Arkharova m umurci Executioner to shi na farko yanke Emelyan Pugachev ta kai, da kuma kawai sai quartered. An ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, da Empress zato tsananin haramta wa ambaci shi a ko'ina kuma.

Shi ba a san ko akwai zahiri ne mai nuni da Catherine II, amma fiye da na aikin quartering da aka gudanar a Rasha. Bugu da kari, da jama'a kisan Pugachev a Fadama yankin da aka ma na karshe. Bisa ga hukunci, kansa aka rataye da kuma sa on jama'a nuni, da kuma warware jiki sassa aka tsĩrar zuwa sassa daban-daban na birnin da kuma ƙone gobe.

Sakamako na manoma 'War

Saboda haka kawo karshen tawaye, da zarar ya tashe ta dintsi na recalcitrant Cossacks, wanda aka karkashin jagorancin Emelyan Pugachev. A cikin tarihin wannan Rasha baƙauye War bar mai zurfi alama, kamar yadda ya shafi mafi yawan kasar, a tafi daga Siberia zuwa Moscow da kuma daga Kuban zuwa Murom.

Bayan kammala Pugachev tawaye ta domin na Empress Catherine II aka sanya jama'a a manifesto, wanda ya bayyana cewa, ya kamata a yi tawaye sa zuwa "madawwami abu wulakantacce." Kuma domin kawar da ko da dan tunawa da wannan jini zamanin, ta umurce su da su sake suna Yaitsky m gari a Uralsk.