Rasha hoto painters da ayyukansu

Rasha hoto mai zane-zane ya bayyana a farkon 14th karni AD. Masters da buroshi a lokacin da iyaka kudi, don haka sau da yawa koma ga stylization. Yana ba za a iya kira surrealism, amma hotuna, lalle zã sha daga wani rashin hankali ga daki-daki. Daga baya Rasha hoto painters da su aikin da aka refocused a kan rajista majami'u. Painters daga cikin tsarki yanayin da fentin ganuwar da ceilings na majami'u da kuma Cathedrals.

Farkon hoto art

Rasha hoto painters da su zane-zane suna da nasu rarrabe fasali, su aka gane - kowane artist gano nasa style of aikin, a Bugu da kari, ya aka girmama matsayin firistoci da parishioners.

The haske wakilin lokaci - Andrei Rublev (1370-1428) wanda ya bar wani marar lalacewa ayyukansu: "Kristi Pantocrator", "Mala'iku Michael", "Triniti", "St. Paul" da sauran Masterpieces na icon zanen.

Rublev wani zamani daga cikin shahararrun icon fenta Feofan Grek (1340-1410). Na dogon lokaci da suka yi aiki tare. A cikin 90s na 14th karni artists fentin da Cathedral na Gaske Shelar. The aikin hannu da kuma sauran Rasha hoto mai zane-zane. The adadin aikin ya kasance quite manyan. Major icons Deesis bene rubuta Feofan Grek, wani "annabci" da kuma sama na "kakan" series fentin da Andeya Rubleva. Sahihanci a idanun shaida ga bayar da shawarar cewa su aka rubuta da stigma na kasa jere na manyan gumaka, ba, amma hannun wani talented icon fenta, gane da kuma a cikin wadannan ayyuka.

Farkon Masters portraiture

A farkon 14th karni, mai zane dabara ya inganta da ɗan saboda bayyanar tonkotertyh Paints.

Rasha hoto painters na baya sau:

• Dionisiy (1440-1502), Sarkin fi so Ivan III. A monarch amfani da cajin da artist fentin da wasu daga cikin Haikalin, sa'an nan daga lokaci zuwa lokaci ziyarci icon fenta kuma kallonsa da aiki.
• Alexey Zubov (1682-1750) - mafi girma a master of Rasha engraving art na epoch Bitrus da farko. Ya yi aiki tare da mahaifinsa, wani fitaccen icon fenta Fedorom Zubovym. Tare da suke fentin gidan makamai majalisar na Moscow Kremlin.
• Nikitin Ivan (1680-1742) - Rasha fenta, daya daga cikin na farko Rasha Masters portraiture, ilimi a Turai. Shi ne a cikin wani musamman wuri a cikin Bitrus Mai girma. Mafi shahara aiki na artist - hotuna na Yaren mutanen Poland King Agusta II da Duke na Mecklenburg.

Rasha hoto mai zane-zane na 18th karni

Jagora goga da ƙarni, a matsayin mai mulkin, tsunduma a coci zanen. Duk da haka, da 18th karni da aka lokacin haihuwar hoto art a cikin purest siffan, a lokacin da mai zane-zane nuna a kan zane image na wani takamaiman mutumin. Rasha hoto mai zane-zane a lokacin da aka gudanar da gargajiya makaranta na zane-zane, shafe daidai haifuwa daga cikin mafi kyau daki-daki. A portraiture, wannan dabara ne mafi kyau amsar ayyuka sanya wa Executive - a cimma irin wannan hoton, sai ta haifa duk suna nuna matakai na art style da ya fi muhimmanci. The aiki ya zama alama quite laborious da alhakin. Duk da haka shahara Rasha hoto mai zane-zane daidai jimre da shi. Umarni ya fi isa, dukan kotu nobility da kuma mambobi na m guilds takarar izini hotuna na kansa da iyalinsa.

M mutane fĩfĩta gayyata painters gidansa, kamar yadda a cikin wannan hali, dukan iyali iya duba cikin tsari, da kuma an dauke kyau form. Rasha hoto mai zane-zane amfani da rayuwa mai arziki rai, don haka kokarin dauka kamar yadda mutane da yawa umarni kamar yadda zai yiwu. Idan a karshen aikin shugaban iyali image kamar duk mambobi ne na iyali, da artist samu na gaba domin a daidai wannan gidan. Saboda haka, Rasha hoto mai zane-zane Ya kasance a bukatar a high jama'a da kuma ba zama ba tare da aiki. A mafi nasara artists aka gayyace zuwa sarauta ɗaki don cika m ayyukan.

A heyday na portraiture

Lokacin da ma'adanin na zanen, a lokacin da Renaissance, a Rasha akwai da yawa talented artists.

Rasha hoto mai zane-zane na 18th karni:

• Antropov Alexei (1716-1795) - sanannen Rasha hoto mai zane-zane, shiga a cikin kayan ado na Winter Palace a 1744-m da Tsarskoye Selo a 1749. A karkashin ya jagoranci, da artists fentin da St. Andrew ta Church a Kiev. Tun 1761 Antropov aka inducted cikin Orthodox taron majalisar Krista a matsayin shugaba shugabansu wurin hutawa ayyukansu. A cikin tarihi na Rasha art artist zo a matsayin talented portraitist Bitrus lokaci.
• Borovikovskiy Vladimir (1757-1825) an haife shi a Mirgorod. Ya zama shahararren bayan ganawa da Catherine II, wanda ya koro zuwa Crimea a 1787. The artist ya fentin daya daga cikin manyan gidãje a cikin hanyar Empress, kuma shi aka gani. Catherine ta nuna sha'awa da kuma Borovykovs'kogo bayar da kudi, wanda daga baya ya tafi St. Petersburg.
• Venetsianov Alex (1780-1847) - Rasha artist, kafa na mãkirci a cikin Genre na portraiture. Ya aka sani da ya aiki "Vertical na Mother", rubuta a 1801. Ya yi karatu ma'adanin na zanen daga cikin artist Borovikovsky.
• Kiprensky Orest (1782-1836) - an yi fice artist wanda ya fito a 1804 tare da wani hoto na A. K. Valbe, wanda aka rubuta a cikin style of Rembrandt. Famous aiki "EV Davydov", kafa a 1809, da makamantansu, ya ƙarfafa suna da artist. Mutane da yawa canvases Kiprensky kiyaye a cikin Tretyakov Gallery.
• Tropinin Vasily (1776-1857) - Rasha artist, wanda ya zama sananne bayan wani hoto AS Pushkin izini da mawãƙi kansa. A zanen da aka yi nufi ga S. A. Sobolevskogo, wani aboki na Alexander. Vertical zama classic image na babban waƙen duk lokaci.

Vertical art a cikin karni na 19th

Rasha hoto mai zane-zane na karni na 19th - shi ne wani rukuni na talented artists suka kõma zuwa ga Genre na mutum fuska image. Mafi shahara daga cikinsu:

• Neff Timofey (1805-1876) - mai bin ilimi style a art, tarihi hoto. Ya yi karatu zanen a Dresden art makarantar sakandare. A 1826 ya koma St. Petersburg, inda nan da nan ya zama shahararren ta rubuta jerin hotuna na shahararrun mutane. A 1837th na tafi a kan wani dogon tafiya a fadin Rasha don samun matsahi na saba da jama'a hinterland da rai na kowa mutane. Bayan ya dawo fentin da coci na Winter Palace, sanannen "Last bukin" I, na daga cikin wadannan ayyuka. Ya samu wani professorship ga zanen St. Ishaku Cathedral, a lokaci guda ya zama mai tsaron hermitage ma'adanar.
• Zaharov Petr (1816-1846) - Rasha hoto mai zane-zane da wuya rabo. Shekaru yaro da aka samu watsi a Chechnya kauyen Dadi-Yurt. Rasha Janar Yermolov ɗauki yaron a dauki reno da kulawa. Noticing da ikon zare soma ɗa, ya ba kadan Petya horo ga hoto mai zane-zane Lvu Volkovu. A 1836 Zakharov sauke karatu daga hanya a Academy of Arts kuma samu sunan wani free artist.
• Makarov Ivan (1822-1897) - Rasha fenta, na dogon m rayuwa rubuta da yawa zane-zane. Ayyukansa, kuma hotuna, ciki har da ta su a daban-daban sau, suna a cikin Tretyakov Gallery, da Rasha Museum, da Academy of Fine Arts da kuma nuni dakunan cikin Rasha. A 1844, Makarov koma St. Petersburg, inda ya lashe amincewa da Metropolitan jama'a.

Fenta-portraitist Tyranov

Rasha portraitist (1808-1859), aka tsunduma a cikin aiki na icon-zanen. A 1824, sai ya sadu da artist Venetsianov, wanda gano yaron a cikin makaranta na zanen, da kuma lokacin da ya sauke karatunsa, ya Tyranova wani dalibi a Art Academy. A kara rabo daga cikin matasa mai zane-zane ya ɓullo da nasarar, da ya samu a kananan lambar zinariya daga Academy a 1836 ya zama wani almajiri a girmama Karl Briullov. Domin aikinsa "Girl tare da kuru," ya aka bai wa lakabi na Academician. Duk da yake a Roma, ya rubuta manyan zane-zane: "Girl, matsi da ruwa daga gashi," "Angel da zaitun reshe", "Uwar Musa a kan kogin Nilu." Sa'an nan kuma, a kan ya dawo zuwa St. Petersburg artist, da artist sha wahala jerin tsautsayi, da kuma ya zama bara. Na sami mafaka a gidan ɗan'uwansa a birnin Kashin. Akwai Tyranov kuma ya mutu yana da shekaru 51 da shekaru.

Unmatched kayan aiki hoto

Zaryanko Sergei (1818-1870) - fice Rasha portraitist, ya shahara akan indescribable play haske da kuma inuwa a kan canvases. da artist ta dabara ne don haka sai ya furta cewa ciki duniya na mutum wanda aka nuna a kan zane, kamar yadda idan rasa a wani arziki daga inuwõwi da sautunan. Total Zaryanko rubuta game da wani mutum ɗari hotuna, mafi yawan abin da aka sadaukar domin da sarki, iyalinsa da kuma babban kotun nobility.

The almajiri daga cikin master

Zhodeyko Leonid (1827-1879) - Rasha hoto-zane, dalibi na Moscow da kuma St. Petersburg artist Zaryanko Markov master malami na Academy of Arts. Ya fentin mafi yawa hotuna na mata. Ya samu title na Academician ga zanen "Girl don wanka". Ya kasance akai takara na shekara-shekara nuni, gudanar karkashin laimar da Academy of Fine Arts na St. Petersburg.

Artist ban mamaki style

Kramskoy Ivan Nikolaevich (1837-1887) - an yi fice a master of portraiture, addini murals, Genre hoto. Author na zane-zane da suke nuna shahararrun marubuta, artists, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, daga cikinsu akwai: L. N. Tolstoy (1883 th), ME Saltykov-Shchedrin (1879 th), I. I. Shishkin (1873 th), S. P. Botkin (1880 th), P. M. Tretyakov (1876 th).

lifelong artist gudanar falsafa da kuma ban mamaki subtext a cikin aikinsa, musamman m, a cikin hoto zane-zane: "Unknown", "NA Nekrasov," "Inconsolable Baƙin ciki", wanda aka halicce su a cikin lokaci daga 1877 zuwa 1884. Wadannan Masterpieces ne a cikin Tretyakov Gallery.

M hotuna a karni na 20th

A karni na ashirin da aka mai wuya zamani domin Rasha. Siyasa juyi, biyu na jini wars bar su da alãmarsu a kan kasar ta ci gaba. Amma duk da haka art da rai, a cikin postwar shekaru da aka farfado zane-zane, ciki har da wani hoto. Artists kasance kaɗan, amma duk suka shige mai kyau makaranta.

Rasha artists na karni na 20th portraitists:

• Engels Kozlov - Soviet hoto mai zane-zane, an haife shi a 1926, ya kammala karatunsa daga Yaroslavl Art School, nan sai ya shiga cikin wani hanya na zanen Repin Birnin Leningrad, Institute. A shekarar 1956, hukumar gabatar da samun digiri rubutun "Za a rayuwa!" Shi ne mamba na kungiyar Artists tun shekarar 1957. Babban taken kerawa Kozlov - hotuna na Sahaban.
• Lomakin Oleg - wani hoto-zane na Soviet lokaci, an haife shi a 1924. Ya tsunduma a cikin Birnin Leningrad, art makaranta, sa'an nan - a cikin All-Russian Academy of Arts. A shekarar 1942 ya aka girke a cikin Red Army, suka yi yaƙi a Kursk, wanda aka mai tsanani rauni da aka fitar daga cikin sojojin mukamansu. Hotuna, fentin da artist, nuna a nune-nunen tun shekarar 1952.
• Nevelshtein Sama'ila (1904-1983) - a hoto-zane, ya kammala karatunsa VHUTEMAS. A lissafi na zane-zane ta dama dozin ayyukansu. Babban taken kerawa Nevelshtein sun hotuna da tsaransa. Portraitist gudanar biyar solo nune-nunen, da suka da aka gudanar a Birnin Leningrad, na farko show da aka gudanar a shekarar 1944.
• Oreshnikov Viktor (1904-1987) - Soviet fenta kuma portraitist. Mutane ta Artist na Tarayyar Soviet, ya lashe biyu Stalin Kyautukan. A cikin aikin na mamayar da batutuwa kan nasarori a cikin kasa da tattalin arziki, da kuma hotuna da tsaransa.
• Shilov Aleksandr - Rasha hoto-zane, haife shi a 1943. Mahaliccin musamman hotuna na tarihi fuskantarwa. Tsunduma cikin harkokin rayuwar jama'a, memba na jama'a Council karkashin shugaban kasar Rasha.

Famous artists na hoto Genre

Shekara ɗari shida sun shude tun bayyanar pictorial art, ƙarni da dama na artists. Bugu da kari ga painters riga aka ambata, akwai mutane da yawa da sauran iyayengiji.

Wane ne suka - Rasha hoto mai zane-zane? Lissafa su ne daki-daki a kasa.

18th karni:

• Musikiyskiy Grigoriy Semenovich, da kotu hoto mai zane-zane.
• Gzel Georg, a Swiss fenta wanda ya dade da yi aiki a Rasha.
• Nikitin Ivan Nikitich, kotun fenta.
• Vishnyakov Ivan Yakovlevich, portraitist na aristocracy.
• Kolokolnikov Mina Lukic, ƙasar artist.
• Matveev Andrey Matveyevich kotu portraitist.

Karni na 19th:

• Ugryumov Grigoriy Ivanovich, da baƙauye fenta.
• Ivanov Andrey Ivanovich, daraja hoto-zane.
• Orlovsky, Aleksandr Osipovich artist nobility.
• Sokolov Peter Fedorovich, portraitist ga aristocracy.