"Rasha Knights" (jirgin): tarihi, description, dalla-dalla,

Engineer II Sikorsky ya ɓullo da wani jirgin sama "Rasha Vityaz", wanda ya zama na farko mota a duniya da ciwon da dama Motors. Yana da aka halitta da farko don dogon zangon-bincike.

Ana zargin da ra'ayin

"Rasha Vityaz" - jirgin sama, ci gaban wanda ya fara a watan Satumba 1912 zanen Igorem Sikorskim ga gasar.

A wannan lokaci a St. Petersburg gudanar da wani gasar na cikin gida da samar da jiragen sama tara Rasha zanen kaya. A tsakiyar watan Satumba 1912 II Sikorsky ya samu wani gayyatar saduwa a kan MV Shydlovsky, wanda ya shugaban Rasha-Baltic carload factory. Bada shawarwari na wannan irin yana da wuya a yi. Wannan ya ba da zanen wani dalilin to zaton cewa wannan taron zai canza rayuwarsa. Wannan shi ne abin da ya faru. Yayin ganawar, Sikorski shared ya tsare-tsaren na gina multiengine jirgin sama. Szydlowski samarwa don fara aiki a kan aikin.

shakkarsu kewaye

A ra'ayin na samar da wani multiengine jirgin sama domin kwararru da yawa a lokacin da jũna kawai mafarki. Mafi yawan su suna da'awar cewa irin wannan model ba zai tashi. A dukan wuraren da aka ji suna cewa da aikin da aka ƙaddara wa gazawar. Duk da wannan, Sikorsky ya ci gaba da aiki. Kuma a watan Mayu 1913 a cikin sama a kan Airfield bayyana "Rasha Vityaz". Jirgin wanda aka cire kansa injiniya, ya tashi 'yan laps da komai a fili smoothly.

Petersburg wallafe akai-akai bayyana wannan al'amari. Duk da wannan, wasu ƙasashen, masana ƙi yi imani da yiwuwar samar da wannan irin jirgin sama. A labarai da aka fĩfĩta da za a dauke wani dabara na 'yan jarida.

A farko ci gaba

"Rasha Vityaz" (photos of wanda aka gabatar a cikin labarin) ya multishelf Bilan da hudu injuna. Ya ci gaba a kan 1912-1913 lokaci. "Grand" Da farko an kira. A May 1913 da sunan da aka canza zuwa "Big Rasha-Baltic" daga sunan factory, inda aka ci gaba. Ya aka mai suna "Rasha Vityaz" wata daya daga bisani.

A babba reshe don samar da manyan size a kwatanta da kasa. Suna da siffar wani murabba'i mai dari da nisa biyu da rabi mita. Cikinsa da nisa tsakanin fuka-fuki kansu daidai da tsawon da fuka-fuki kuma shi ma 2.5 m.

reshe akwatin da hudu sigogi. Kowane reshe da aka inganta da biyu spars. A karshen ne a akwatin tsawo na 9 cm da nisa daga 5 cm biyar millimeter plywood. A shelves an sanya daga Pine kauri har zuwa biyu santimita. Kamar yadda fastener abubuwa amfani da tagulla sukurori da masassaƙi manne.

Domin inganta zaman lafiya da kuma controllability na "C-21" tsawon na jirgin sama da aka karu zuwa ashirin mita. Wannan ya sa mota barga a lokacin jirgin. Ko da tare da wani fasinja motsi a kusa da gida a lokacin da jirgin da kwanciyar hankali ba illa garesu.

A fuselage aka sanya a cikin wani nau'i na murabba'i mai dari na itace, liyi tare da zanen gado na plywood. Yana dauke da wadannan abubuwa:

• biyu bukkokin ga fasinjoji.
• gida ga kyaftin.
• daki ga kayan aiki da kuma kayayyakin gyara.

"Rasha Vityaz" - jirgin, wanda shi ne na farko, da ciwon manyan kewaye gida ga ma'aikatan jirgin da kuma fasinja gida. Bugu da kari, akwai gefen entrances ta hanyar abin da a lokacin da jirgin zai sauka zuwa kasa daga cikin fuka-fuki da samun da injuna. Su za a iya gyara ko a cikin sararin sama.

A fore rabo nan da nan kafin kyaftin ta gida, wani dandali an bar a baranda domin ajiye wani na'ura gun da wani searchlight. Nan da nan bayan shi rufaffiyar gilashin gida tsawon na 5,75 m da tsawo 1,85 m. Ya biyu kujeru ga ƙungiya sa. Sa'an nan ya bi wani gilashi bangare raba da fasinja yankin. A da shi akwai wicker kujeru da kuma kananan tebur.

The na'urar ne na farko model

"Rasha Vityaz" - jirgin da biyu injuna "Argus" ikon 100 horsepower, sanya a kan ƙananan reshe. Suna shigar a nau'i-nau'i. Motor rotates hudu shaft diamita 2.6 m. Biyu shafts aka turawa, ja biyu. A farko gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa da ikon da ɗari biyu da horsepower ma kadan. Shi ne kawai isa ga wani jirgin kewayon har zuwa daya da ɗari mita.

A hadaddun wani hudu shasi ski. Tsakanin su da aka sanya biyu bogies, wanda takwas ƙafafun an haɗa bi da bi. Danganta dabaran bogies saboda karfe marẽmari da juna - a nau'i-nau'i.

Dabaran kunshi hudu saman, wanda ya samar da nau'i-nau'i biyu. Management da aka za'ayi da biyu tuƙi ƙafafun da pedals. Arziki da aka sanya daga na USB.

Aircraft nauyi ba tare da kaya da aka uku da rabi tons.

kunna jirgin sama

Kusan nan da nan bayan da farko gwajin Sikorsky yanke shawarar gyara da hudu-engine jirgin sama. Yana da aka sauya wuri kuma Hanyar shigarwa na Motors. A cikin sabon version, su aka sanya a jere a karkashin kasa da reshe tare da jagorancin baki. Saboda haka, da raya turawa injuna ja karfe.

Irin wannan canje-canje sun inganta wasan kwaikwayon na jirgin sama "C-21". Wannan aka evidenced da gwaje-gwaje gudanar a Hull filin jirgin sama.

A sabon tsarin farko ya tashi Yuli 23, 1913. An tabbatar da cewa ko da a lokacin da disconnecting biyu Motors a gefe daya daga wani jirgin saman daidai tuƙi yi biyayya.

Saboda wannan, a watan Agusta 1913 jirgin ya ciyar a cikin iska 114 minti. Shi ne mai tarihi a duniya. A wancan lokaci, ya kasance a kan jirgin bakwai fasinjoji. Sai a wannan lokaci da jirgin sama da aka bai wa sunan "Rasha Vityaz".

fasaha halaye

Jirgin sama "Rasha Vityaz" (daga wanda akwai wani hoto a cikin labarin) yana da wadannan halaye:

• Da ikon naúrar na hudu Motors "Argus".
• The damar kowane engine - ɗari da horsepower.
• Yawan fasinjojin - har zuwa bakwai mutane. Daga cikin wadannan mutane uku - da ƙungiya.
• Wingspan - 27 mita.
• Wing yanki na 120 m ^2.
• Iyakar gudun - casa'in kilomita awa.
• Iyakar kewayo na jirgin - 170 kilomita.
• Aircraft tsawon - ashirin mita.
• Height - hudu mita.
• Komai nauyi na jirgin sama - 3.5 tons.
• Matsakaicin Take-kashe nauyi - 4, 2 tons.
• A taro na cikakken load - 700 kg.

hatsari

Sikorski ta jirgin sama so ya zanen for wani taƙaitaccen lokaci. Yana da aka hallaka a lokacin da wani sabon abu hatsari. Lokacin da gasar ya faru soja jirgin sama ya tashi a kan Airfield "Meller №2». Motor "GNOME", saka a kan shi, ya karya da kuma fadi kai tsaye a kan "Rasha Knights". Haka ya faru a ranar 11 ga watan Satumba, 1913.

Sikorsky yanke shawarar ba warke cikin jirgin sama. A wannan lokaci ya ya ɓullo da wani sabon da kuma inganta tsarin. Ya yi aiki a kan jerin jiragen sama "Ilya Muromets", wanda ya koma da na mallaka soja rundunar motoci.

Rasha Designer II Sikorski ya iya haifar da wani jirgin sama da aka powered by hudu injuna, shirya a jere. Kuma wannan jirgin sama "Rasha Vityaz", ko, kamar yadda shi ma aka yi da ake kira "Grand", wanda ya zama na farko a duniya na irin.