Red steppe irin na shanu: halaye, photos, musamman na kiwo

Red Steppe irin kiwo shanu shugabanci aka bayyana a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyau a cikin tsohon Tarayyar Soviet. Dabbobi suna daidai saba da bushe sauyin yanayi na steppe zone. Kamar yadda yawan dabbobinsu irin a duniya da kuma na biyu da kwata a cikin ƙasa na Ukraine da kuma Rasha. Shanu da wannan irin za a iya samu a Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, da Caucasus.

labarin

Kiwo tarihi Dates baya ga 18th karni tukuna. Duk da yake sararin sararin matakan waje kiwo dabbobi ya zama musamman Hardy, amma tare da low yawan aiki. Geographically - ne kudancin yankunan da Ukraine, mafi daidai, da Zaporozhye yankin. Shi ne m cewa wannan irin aka haife a kan bankunan na waɗansu kõguna na madara.

Don ƙara da ake samu bukata jefa-jini high samar da gwaggwabar riba dabbobi. Red steppe irin shanu (photo a cikin rubutu) ne rigima asalin. Masana sunyi baki daya a daya kawai - ba a cikin halittar halarci ecdemic shanu. Akwai da dama theories game da asalin:

• Hanyar da aka yi amfani da partially mamaye giciye haihuwa Great Ukrainian da sulfur jinsunan (duka gida) tare da jan Jamus dabbõbin ni'ima;
• ne mai gida da 'yan qasar irin, wanda aka kafa 150 da suka wuce da kuma mai lakabin "ja kolonistskoy" ko "Jamus Red", sunan da ya samu daga - da masu Jamus mulkin mallaka.
• shi ne mai giciye tsakanin wani Swiss da Franconian dabbõbin ni'ima;
• shi ne mai giciye tsakanin wasu dabbobi - da kuma tronderskoy angelnskoy.
• wani hadadden interbreeding gida m Ukrainian dabbõbi da ja ostfrizslyandskoy farko, sa'an nan kuma wani da angelnskoy, vilstermarshskoy da kuma wasu sauran Turai breeds.

A sakamakon karni na 19th zuwa farkon na tsararru isasshe kama yawan diluted "a". Jinsi aka rajista a shekarar 1923, shi ya fara girma a cikin kiwo gonaki na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet. Red steppe irin na shanu a Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Rasha, Belarus, da yawan dabbobinsu ba ya fada a kasa na uku wuri.

kiwo

Halitta, ya kuma kara raya breeds aiki. An inextricably nasaba da bunƙasa tattalin arziki na jihar, da kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihi. Shin ba togiya da kuma ja steppe dabbõbi irin. Musamman kiwo a farko, saukarwa kasance a matsayin haka:

• aka zaba domin madara samarwa.
• hankali zabi dabbobi a kan tsarin mulki filaye.
• bayan haihuwar 'yan maruƙa nan da nan a kawar da razdaivali shanu ba tare da yaro.
• natsuwa da aka tabbatar da wani kusa mahada tsakanin yawan aiki da kwat da wando (an yi tunanin cewa shanu ja da ja-kasa-kasa launi ba mai girma da ake samu), da kuma zaba shanu da kuma ko da a kan wannan akai.

A sakamakon wani dogon (fiye da shekaru 100) zabi wani yanayin damina ya kasance halittar irin kungiyar steppe Hardy kiwo shanu ja kwat da wando da halayyar waje da kuma wani gwada da high yawan aiki.

Mass mechanization milking matakai da ake bukata domin inganta dabbobi bisa ga ka'idar da nono siffar da kuma kara madara yawan amfanin ƙasa. A cikin 60s karni na ashirin da ja steppe shanun da aka rufe bijimai angler. A zabi na wadannan dabbobi ne ba ta hanyar kwatsam:

• Da farko, da kankara da iyali itatuwa aure.
• abu na biyu, da kama irin metabolism.
• da kuma na uku, da suka yi wannan shugabanci na aiki;
• a karo na hudu, angler mutane da high madara, babban yawan kitsen abun ciki a cikin madara, mafi jiki nauyi, da kuma mafi muhimmanci - mafi saba da na'ura milking.

A nan gaba, kankara kwashe simintin-Danish jini. A 90 ta uku-pedigree hybrids ba da ake samu daga sama zuwa hudu da rabi dubu lita na madara da wani mai abun ciki na 3,82%. Ba na karshe rawa a cikin samuwar yau ta bayyanar da dabbobi da taka leda Holsteins. Kowane irin ta bar ta mark:

• Red steppe shanu - jimiri da adaptability zuwa yanayin da ake tsare.
• Angler - adaptability na nono da kuma wani babban yawan kitsen ciki.
• "Danes" - da dogon-tsaye amfani da kuma high da ake samu.
• Holsteins - a manyan jiki nauyi, ingantattun nono siffar saba da na'ura milking.

fasalin

A ranar, da dabbobi suna daga cikin mafi kyau a cikin Ukraine, Rasha da kuma Kazakhstan. Mene ne Red Steppe irin shanu? Feature:

• bred a cikin 18-19 ƙarni a Ukraine.
• yawan aiki irin - madara.
• ne bushe jiki, karfi kundin tsarin mulkin kasar.
• bijimai rayuwa nauyi - 900 kg, shanu - 400-500 kg.
• nauyi na 'yan maruƙa a haihuwa: shãnu - 27-30 kg, da bijimai - 35-40 kg.
• talakawan yawan amfanin ƙasa na dutse - 3 500-4 000 kg (Plemreproductor - 4 500-6 000 kg), tare da wani mai abun ciki na 3.5%.
• tattalin arziki da yin amfani - 4,74 lactation.
• kai kiwo shekaru kajin zuwa watanni 18, tare da wani live nauyi na 320-350 kg.

yawan aiki

Red Steppe irin dabbõbi madara yawan amfanin ƙasa ke dauke da kyau. Yana breeds talakawan madara yawan amfanin ƙasa jeri daga 3500 zuwa 4000 kg na madara. Kiwo gonaki samun mafi girma rates: wajibi ne a kan talakawan daga 4000 zuwa 5000 kg, rekordistki iya bada har zuwa dubu goma sha biyu lita na madara, da mai abun ciki na iya zama har zuwa 5%.

Da ake samu ya dogara ne a kan ingancin makiyaya da kuma tsawon lokacin da waje kiwo kakar. A mafi kyau sakamakon yiwu a cimma a cikin steppe zone. Dabbobi m na shekaru uku guda mace iya samun hudu zuriyarsa. Tsarar dake tsakanin calving ne kadan fiye da shekara (380 days). Don hana jawo daga shãnu 40 zuwa 60 days.

Nama inganci da irin ne low, kashe amfanin ƙasa bai wuce 50%. Lokacin da niyya fattening maruƙa index ya karu nama amfanin ƙasa, amma sosai dan kadan. Kwarangwal dabbobi hur, tare da talauci ɓullo da tsokoki. Don girma naman shanu ba ta fuskar tattalin arziki da riba.

waje

Hankula waje siffofin halayyar kiwo dabbobi yana ja steppe irin shanu. Description of waje:

• bushe tsawo - 127-132 cm.
• kirji girth -183-190 cm.
• QFontDatabase tsawon - 154-160 cm.
• metacarpus - 18-19 cm.
• launi daga haske ja zuwa duhu ceri, fari markings ne halatta.
• tsokoki ne underdeveloped.
• jiki kusurwa, elongated.
• bushe wuyansa, kunkuntar.
• shugaban haske, dan kadan elongated.
• da mayar da shi ne tsawo da kuma m.
• ƙafafunsa da karfi, bushe.
• kirji kunkuntar, da zurfi.
• nono matsakaici-sized glandular.

kula

Red Steppe irin shanu ne daban-daban ruggedness da kuma m karbuwa ga muhalli da yanayi. dabbobi:

• Tsawon shekara. A mafi wani zaɓi - free dabbõbin a cikin makiyaya. Location - a cikin 2 kilomita daga gona. Suna sanye take da waɗansu inuwõwi da kuma watering. Sau da yawa gudanar da aiki a sansanin bazara, tare da milking maki.
• Winter-turke lokaci. Animals ana sa a stanchion barns, ko sako-sako da gidaje. Yanayi dole ne bi da zoogigieny.
• Ciyar. A makiyaya da ake bukata domin ganin da ita da cewa dabbobi da isasshen abinci, idan ya cancanta, a ciyar da tushen amfanin gona da kuma abincin dabbobi. Winter rabon abinci akai - hay, feed da aka kara, bambaro amfani da silage (ba fiye da 25% na rage cin abinci), Tushen, kuma dole hada da ma'adinai kari a matsayin m fodder.
• Rigakafin cutar. Alurar riga kafi da cututtuka.
• Ya kula. Lokaci-lokaci cire gurbata dabba ulu, a kowane milking nono sosai wanke kafin dabbõbin lokaci ya yi pruning ƙahonin da hooves.

Features

A dabbobi da wannan irin da ya dauke sirri farmsteads a cikin tsohon Tarayyar sarari. Shi ne musamman rare a cikin steppe bangarori na Ukraine da kuma Kazakhstan a cikin Altai, kudancin Rasha. Red Steppe irin shanu (reviews na masu kula da shi) ne sosai Hardy, kuma da saba daban-daban yanayin damina. A amince jure bushe bazara da kuma zafi weather.

jaddada halaye na da irin:

• m rigakafi kubutar da dabbobi daga wannan annoba da kiwo - cutar sankarar bargo.
• m acclimatization.
• sauki daga ciki;
• m jimiri.
• Good responsiveness a inganta gidaje da kuma ciyar;
• high sinadirai da kuma iyawa na madara.

Daga cikin sunayen da haihuwa, data kasance a yau a kan dutse, za ka iya yin hukunci a cikin mataki na shahararsa da irin: Ukrainian Kuban, Kazakh, West Siberian, kulundayskoe (Altai).

records

A kawai 'yan dubun-rekordistok shanun da aka rajista na karshe rabin karni da Manuniya:

• da lactation sama da 10 000 kg -14 raga.
• 9000-9999 kg lactation - 32 shugaban.

Madara mai abun ciki ba kasa da 3,69%. The girma na dabbobi kiwo tsire-tsire girma a Ukraine da kuma Kazakhstan. Ba nadiri ga irin gidaje garken shanu madara yawan amfanin ƙasa matakin na 6000 kg. Red steppe shanu irin alfahari ban mamaki rekordistkami:

• Storm 6070:

- amfanin ƙasa - 10 170 kg.

- mai abun ciki - 4.0%.

- Aikin Noma - farm "Proletarian jirgin saman soja", da Zaporozhye yankin, Ukraine.

• Murashka 8890:

- amfanin ƙasa - 10 497 kg.

- mai abun ciki - 4.05%.

- Aikin Noma - Shuka kiwo. Kirov, Kherson yankin, Ukraine.

• aikace-aikace 1910

- amfanin ƙasa - 11 zuwa 100 kg.

- mai abun ciki - 4,02%.

- noma - kiwo da shuka "Arewa-Lubinsky", Omsk Region, Rasha.

• Cloudberries 201:

- samar -12.426 kg.

- mai abun ciki - 3,82%.

- Aikin Noma - Shuka kiwo "Karaganda", Karaganda yankin, Kazakhstan.