Ruwa-gishiri mutum sharing aiki, da kuma tsari take hakkin

Al'ada aiki na jikin mutum ne mai matukar hadaddun sa na wani jam'i na tafiyar matakai, daya daga wanda yake shi ne ruwa-gishiri musayar. Lokacin da ya ke a cikin wani al'ada jihar, wani mutum a wani sauri don inganta nasu kiwon lafiya, amma da zaran akwai gaske gagarumin sabawa, da yawa nan da nan kokarin yin amfani daban-daban matakan. Don wannan bai faru ba, shi ne mafi kyau ga gano abin da ke cikin ruwa-gishiri metabolism, kuma me ya sa yana da muhimmanci ga ci gaba da lafiya. Har ila yau a cikin wannan labarin, za mu tattauna ta asali hakkoki da abubuwan da hanyoyin da za a mayar.

Mene ne wannan?

Ruwa da gishiri musayar - An hada da juna shigowa Wutan da ruwaye a cikin jiki, da kuma babban fasali na assimilation da kuma kara rarraba ciki kyallen takarda, gabobin, muhallin, kuma su daban-daban matakai tukar tumbi daga jikin mutum.

Gaskiyar cewa nasu mutane fiye da rabin yi sama da ruwa, kowa ya san daga yara, tare da m ban sha'awa shi ne gaskiya cewa jimlar adadin ruwa a jiki dabam da aka ƙaddara ta a isasshe manyan yawan dalilai, ciki har da shekaru, total mai taro, kazalika daga waɗanda mafi Wutan. Idan jariri ne mutum daga cikin ruwa da game da 77%, da girma mutumin ya shafi kawai 61%, da kuma mata - da kuma duk 54%. Saboda haka a low ruwa abun ciki a cikin jiki na mata ne saboda suna da wani dan kadan daban-daban ruwa-gishiri metabolism, kazalika da ba a isasshe manyan yawan kitsen Kwayoyin.

key siffofin

A jimla na ruwa a jikin mutum da aka kafa kamar yadda haka:

• Aƙalla 65% aka bai wa kwayuka ruwa da kuma hade da phosphate da potassium, wanda suke anion da cation, bi da bi.
• Game da 35% ne extracellular ruwa, wanda shi ne kullum a cikin jini, kuma shi ne mai tsoka, kuma interstitial ruwa.

Bugu da kari, shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa da ruwa a jikin mutum shi ne a cikin wani free jihar, consistently gudanar colloids, ko kai tsaye da hannu a cikin samuwar kuma bazuwar na gina jiki, mai kuma carbohydrate kwayoyin. A halin yanzu daban-daban kyallen takarda daban-daban rabo na mamaye, free kuma mamaye ruwa, daga abin da kuma kai tsaye dogara da tsari na ruwa da kuma gishiri musayar.

Idan aka kwatanta da jini jini, kazalika da takamaiman intercellular ruwa, nama halin gaban isasshe yawa magnesium, potassium da sinadarin phosphate, kuma ba kamar yadda manyan yawa na alli, sodium, chlorine da hydrogen ions mufuradi. Wannan bambancin da aka sa ta gaskiya cewa capillary bango sunadarai yana da low permeability.

Proper tsari na ruwa-gishiri metabolism a lafiya mutane ba kawai tabbatar da goyon baya da na dindindin sandarsa, amma kuma da ake bukata adadin jiki ruwaye, rike acid-balance tushe, kazalika da ma m zuwa bukata maida hankali osmotically aiki abubuwa.

tsari

Kana bukatar ka fahimci yadda za a yi aiki da ruwa-gishiri metabolism. tsari ayyuka suna da za'ayi da dama physiological tsarin. Farko na musamman rabe amsa daban-daban canje-canje a cikin taro na osmotically aiki jamiái, ions, Wutan, da kuma girma na ruwa ba. Daga bisani da sakonni ana aika zuwa tsakiya m tsarin, da kuma kawai sai jiki ya fara canza ruwa amfani, kazalika da ta warewa da kuma muhimmanci salts, da kuma, ta haka ne, da tsarin ruwa-gishiri musayar aka sarrafawa.

Tukar tumbi da ions, da ruwa, da kuma Wutan kodan ne a karkashin kai tsaye iko da juyayi tsarin da kuma da dama ji ba gani. A lokacin da tsari na ruwa da kuma gishiri musayar ma shiga physiologically aiki abubuwa samar a cikin koda. A total sodium abun ciki ta cikin jiki ne ci gaba da gyara a cikin koda da suke karkashin CNS sarrafawa via musamman natrioretseptory ci gaba da m to da ya faru na wani sodium content canje-canje a cikin jiki ruwaye, kazalika da osmoreceptors da volyumoretseptory ci gaba da nazarin da osmotic matsa lamba na extracellular da juz'i na zagawa da ruwa.

Ga tsari na potassium musayar cikin jikin mutum amsa tsakiya m tsarin, wanda yana amfani da wani iri-iri hormones ruwa-gishiri musayar, da kuma daban-daban ciki har da corticosteroids insulin da aldosterone.

Regulation chlorine musayar kai tsaye dogara a kan ingancin da kodan, da kuma excreted ta ions bayyana a mafi yawan lokuta m tare da fitsari. A total adadin excreted sodium chloride kai tsaye dogara a kan mutum rage cin abinci, aiki na sodium reabsorption, acid-balance tushe, koda tubular jihar na'ura, da kuma rundunar sauran abubuwa. Exchange na chloride aka kai tsaye alaka da musayar ruwa, don haka da tsari na ruwa da kuma gishiri musayar a cikin jiki rinjayar da yawan wasu dalilai na al'ada aiki na daban-daban tsarin.

Mene ne kullum?

Babbar dama daban-daban physiological matakai a jikin mu, kai tsaye dogara a kan total adadin salts da kuma taya. A halin yanzu an san cewa a domin kauce wa wani take hakkin ruwa-gishiri metabolism, wani mutum mai rana ka bukatar ka sha game da 30 ml na ruwa da kilogram na bodyweight. Wannan adadin isa ga samar da jikin mu da hakkin adadin ma'adanai. The ruwa za a zube a daban-daban sel jijiyoyin bugun gini nama da kuma gidajen abinci, kazalika da ta soke kuma kara wanke fita daban-daban sharar kayayyakin. A mafi yawan lokuta da talakawan yawan ruwa cinye lokacin da rana da mutum kusan ba ya wuce biyu da rabi lita, kuma wannan girma da aka kafa shi ne sau da yawa wani abu kamar haka:

• to 1 lita muke samu daga abinci.
• har zuwa 1.5 lita - a kudi na shan bayyana ruwa.
• 0.3-0.4 lita - samuwar da hadawan abu da iskar shaka na ruwa.

A tsari na ruwa da kuma gishiri musayar a cikin kwayoyin kai tsaye dogara a kan ma'auni tsakanin adadin ta samu da kuma saki ga wani lokaci. Idan a lokacin da rana jiki yana bukatar samun game da 2.5 lita, a wannan yanayin, game da wannan adadin za a excreted daga jiki.

Ruwa da gishiri musayar a cikin jikin mutum da aka kayyade ta wani hadadden dadin jikina neuroendocrine martani, wanda aka yafi da nufin rike da kwanciyar hankali akai girma, kazalika da osmotic matsa lamba na extracellular kansu, da kuma cewa shi ne da muhimmanci musamman - cikin jini jini. Duk da cewa da daban-daban siga data gyara hanyoyi kuwa sune m, su duka biyu da musamman high muhimmancin.

Saboda irin wannan tsari da aka samu ta hanyar goyon bayan mafi barga taro matakan ions kuma Wutan an hada da extracellular da kwayuka ruwa. Daga cikin manyan jiki ne don samar da cations potassium, sodium, alli da magnesium, alhãli kuwa da anions - hydrogen, chlorine, sulphate da sinadarin phosphate.

ƙeta

Ba shi yiwuwa a ce wanda rabi baƙin ƙarfe a cikin ruwa-gishiri metabolism, kamar yadda a cikin wannan tsari da hannu a babbar dama daban-daban a jikinsu. Yana da wannan dalili da cewa a cikin tsari na jiki iya tabbatar da wani iri-iri da suka faru, na nuna batun, tsakanin wanda tsaye daga wadannan:

• abin da ya faru na edema.
• jari mai yawa na ruwa a cikin jiki, ko, conversely, ta rashi.
• take hakkin electrolyte balance.
• ƙara ko rage a cikin osmotic jini;
• canza a cikin acid-balance tushe.
• ƙara ko rage a cikin taro wasu takamaiman ions.

takamaiman misalai

Wajibi ne a fahimci daidai, cewa da yawa gawarwaki da hannu a cikin tsari na ruwa-gishiri metabolism, don haka ɗumbin mafiya yawan lokuta ba nan da nan zai yiwu ya tsayar da takamaiman dalilin da matsala. M ruwa balance kai tsaye ƙaddara da yawa na ruwa gabatar a cikin da kuma cire daga jikin mu, kuma duk wani take hakkin wannan musayar aka kai tsaye alaka da electrolyte auna da kuma fara bayyana a cikin nau'i na hydration da dehydration. A matuƙar magana wuce haddi - wannan yana ƙaruwa, cewa shi ne da yawa ruwa a cikin daban-daban tsokoki na jiki, da intercellular sarari da kuma serous cavities, wanda yana tare da electrolyte rashin daidaituwa.

Lokacin da wannan dehydration, bi da bi, ne zuwa kashi biyu main iri:

• ba tare da wani m adadin cations a cikinsa akwai wani ci gaba da ƙishirwa, da kuma ruwa dauke a cikin Kwayoyin, aka kawota ga interstitial sarari;
• sodium hasara da ya auku kai tsaye daga extracellular ruwaye da kullum ba tare da ƙishirwa.

Daban-daban cuta da ruwa balance bayyananna a cikin akwati inda rage ko kara total zagawa da ruwa. Yana sau da yawa bayyana wuce kima karuwa saboda polyplasmia, wato, kara jimlar adadin jini a cikin ruwa.

Exchange na sodium

Ilimi na daban-daban pathological yanayi a wadda akwai wani canji a cikin ionic abun da ke ciki na jini jini ko taro na wasu ions a cikinta ne quite muhimmanci ga bambanci ganewar asali na wani yawan cututtuka. Daban-daban cuta a cikin sodium musayar a cikin kwayoyin ne da wuce haddi ko rashin daban-daban canje-canje a cikin ta rarraba a ko'ina cikin jiki. A karshen auku a gaban al'ada ko canza yawa na sodium.

Rashi iya zama:

• Gaskiya. Shi ne saboda asarar ruwa, da kuma sodium, wanda akai-akai da aka bayyana a cikin jiki a cikin kasa ci na gishiri da kuma ma da karfi gumi, polyuria, m konewa, hanji toshewa, kuma har yanzu da yawa wasu matakai.
• Dangi. Iya ci gaba da ya wuce kima da gwamnatin na mai ruwa-ruwa mafita a wani kudi da ya wuce ruwa tukar tumbi da kodan.

Rarar ma dabam a irin wannan hanya:

• Gaskiya. An gudanar da wani haƙuri sa wani gishiri mafita, da yawa amfani da na kowa gishiri, daban-daban jinkiri tukar tumbi da sodium da kodan, kazalika da} arfin samar da ko wuce kima shafe tsawon gwamnatin glucocorticoids.
• Dangi. Sau da yawa lura a gaban dehydration kuma shi ne kai tsaye hanyar ruwa obalodi da kuma kara ci gaba da daga dukan nau'i na kumburi.

wasu matsaloli

Major take hakki a potassium musayar wanda kusan gaba daya (98%) aka samu a cikin kwayuka ruwa da aka wakilta hyperkalemia da hypokalemia.

Hypokalemia ya auku a gaban matsanancin yawa na samfurin, ko a yanayin saukan gabatar daga waje na glucocorticoids ko na aldosterone, wanda sa ma karfi potassium mugunya a koda. Yana kuma iya faruwa a cikin hali na igiyar jini gwamnati, da dama mafita ko kasa potassium shiga jiki da abinci.

Hyperkalemia ne m sakamako na rauni, azumi rage jini girma da kuma wuce kima gwamnati na daban-daban potassium mafita.

dawo da

Maido ruwa da gishiri musayar iya koda ta amfani da musamman Pharmaceutical shirye-shirye da aka tsara musamman don gyara jimlar abun ciki na electrolyte, hydrogen ions da ruwa. Support da kuma gyara daga cikin manyan abubuwan da homeostasis a kudi na mai jiwuwa aiki na excretory, endocrine da numfashi tsarin. Duk wani, ko da mafi qananan canje-canje a cikin abun ciki na ruwa ko Wutan zai iya kai ga quite tsanani sakamakon, wasu daga wanda ko da barazana mutum rayuwa.

Abin da aka wajabta?

Don normalize da ruwa-gishiri mutum sharing, za ka iya amfani da wadannan:

• Asparangiat magnesium da potassium. A mafi yawan lokuta m sanya na musamman a matsayin kari ga asali far ga zuciya rashin cin nasara ya auku, daban-daban cuta da zuciya kari ya auku ko tsokar zuciya infarction. Quite sauƙi tunawa a lokacin da dauka baki, sa'an nan excreted da kodan.
• Sodium bicarbonate. M sanya a gaban duodenal miki cutar da ciki, rayuwa acidosis, kazalika da gastritis da high acidity abin da ya auku a lokacin da wani abin mãye, kamuwa da cuta, ko ciwon sukari, da kuma a lokacin da postoperative zamani. Isasshe hanzari neutralizes ciki acid gishiri, da kuma samar da musamman azumi antacid sakamako da kuma kara habaka da sauran dawo daga gastrin da sakandare kunnawa da mugunya.
• Sodium chloride. An zaci a gaban manyan hasarori na extracellular ruwa ko a gaban ta rashin ci. Har ila yau, likitoci bayar da shawarar sau da yawa isa ya yi amfani da shi a hyponatremia, chloropenia, hanji toshewa da kuma daban-daban intoxications. Wannan kayan aiki yana da wani rehydration da detoxication sakamako, da kuma samar da wani dawo da karancin sodium a gaban daban-daban pathological yanayi.
• Sodium citrate. Ana amfani da tabbatar da karfafawa na jini sigogi. Yana da wani m for alli, kazalika da wani hanawa na jini coagulation. Daga bisani qara total abun ciki na sodium a cikin jiki da kuma qara jini Alkali reserves, wanda ya samar da kyau sakamako.
• Hydroxyethyl sitaci. Amfani a aiwatar ayyukan, kazalika da konewa, rauni, m hemorrhages kuma daban-daban cututtuka.

Saboda haka, za ka iya zuwa normalize da ruwa-gishiri metabolism da kuma jiki ta koma al'ada aiki. Zabi wani musamman hanya na lura kamata kawai sosai m likita, kamar yadda naka, za ka iya muhimmanci worsen da yanayin.