Ruza Janar Nikolay Vladimirovich: biography da mutuwa

Bisa ga yawan adadin historiography, wannan mutumin taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kifar da autocracy a Rasha. Janar Ruza, natsu monarchist, daya daga cikin na farko samarwa Tsar Nicholas II zuwa abdicate, maimakon goyon bayan da kuma taimaka wa sarki zauna a kan gadon sarautar. Sarkin sarakuna kidaya a kan taimako da ya generals, da kuma cewa ya aka kawai ya ci amanar.

A cikin soja, Ruza (Janar na dakaru) ya kafa kansa a matsayin talented soja shugaban, don haka ya zo da iko, da Bolsheviks so su ci gaba da rundunar, amma a kan su gefe. Amma ya ƙi, wannan tsari, kuma a sakamakon sha wahala a m kisan kiyashin.

Wane ne wannan da Janar Ruza? sarki ko wani m da Fatherland kare wanda rabo ya shirya nauyi zabi? Ka yi la'akari da wannan tambaya a cikin mafi daki-daki.

Shekaru na kuruciya da kuma samartaka

Nikolay Vladimirovich Ruzsky - haife shi a Kaluga lardin, an haife a kan Maris 6 1854 shekara.

A yawan kafofin da shawara cewa, nan gaba janar wani m zumunta na mawãƙi Lermontov, wanda ya rubuta sanannun waka "novice." A goyon bayan wannan da suka buga data nuna cewa daya daga cikin magabatan Mikhail Yurevich, a cikin XVIII karni, wanda yake mai mulki na Moscow yankin garin Ruza, ya haifi wani yaro haife daga kãmun kai. Ba da da ewa da shi shi ne zuriya daga sunan bayan da birnin da lura da harkokin Lermontov.

Amma shi ne m ko janar Ruza ya msar tambayar kinship tare da shahararrun mawãƙi na bayar da muhimmanci. Sa'an nan, ya za a yi cikakken samu wani gargajiya da ilimi, wanda dokoki sun yi daidai ne da duk yara daga daraja iyalansu, amma Nicholas rasa mahaifinsa farkon. Bayan haka, ransa ya fara tsoma baki tare da ma'aikata na babban birnin kasar da kwamitin amintattun, amma nan gaba janar wannan hujja ne ba musamman irked. Tuni a cikin matasa Nicholas mafarkin na zama soja.

shekaru nazari

Don fara da kimantawa da mafarki, Ruza zama na farko da soja makaranta dalibai, wanda aka located a cikin birni a kan Neva.

Bayan wani lokaci ya kasance wani ɗan jam'iyyar kadet na biyu Konstantinovsky Soja School, wanda ya kammala jami'a ya zama wani dakaru jami'in. Abin lura shi ne cewa a ƙarshen XIX karni Rasha soja makarantu fara saka a cikin yi da sake fasalin qaddamar da Tsar Alexander II da kuma tarihi Dmitriem Milyutinym. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa Janar Ruza, wani photo na waxanda suke da samuwa a cikin da yawa litattafan a kan ma'adanin na yaƙi, da kuma a can ne a cikin wannan labarin don samun wani ingantaccen ilmi, m ga hakikar da lokaci.

A farkon ya soja aiki

Bayan kammala karatu daga kwalejin, saurayin ya tafi zuwa bauta a cikin Rayuwa Guards Grenadier rajimanti a matsayin jami'in. Yana fara Rasha-Turkish yaki 'yan shekaru baya, da kuma nan gaba janar Ruza tabbatar da kansa a filin wasa na yaƙi ne kawai a kan m gefe. A godiya domin nuna ƙarfin hali da kuma gabagadi Ruza samu cikin Order of St. Anne ta sa IV. A karshen ayyukan soji jami'in yanke shawarar inganta da basirarsu da kuma an horar da a cikin Mykolayiv Janar Staff Academy. Ya malamai sun shahara V. Sukhomlinov da Kuropatkin. Sa'an nan jami'in da su yi amfani da wannan ilimi a aikace, alternately maye gurbin sandunansu na soja gundumomi. Nikolay Vladimirovich zama real gwani kayan aiki da kuma aiki aiki.

A gaba milestone a cikin aiki da aka sabis a Kiev Soja District kamar yadda Quartermaster Janar. Bayan wani lokaci, Ruza samun ciyar da su Manjo Janar kuma ya zai shugabanci hedkwatar.

Rasha-Japanese yaki

A farkon karni XX Rasha na da hannu a cikin wani soja rikici da Japan. Janar Ruza, wanda biography na da babban amfani ga tarihi, za su kai na biyu Manchurian hedkwatar soja. Shi kuwa zai nuna su mafi kyau halaye soja shugaban, da tsari sosai tsaron sojojin wakkala a gare shi a cikin Shahe River. Amma wani lokacin nasara tare da setbacks. A musamman, muna magana ne game da m ayyukan karkashin Sandepu, wanda aka zabe saukar saboda rashin qarfin zuciya mataki a cikin manyan.

m sabis

Bayan yaki Ruzsky danƙa ga umarnin da 21st Army Corps. A ƙarshen XIX karni, Nikolai Vladimirovich ya zauna a matsayi na Janar na dakaru, a layi daya zuwa kasancewa wani ɓangare na Soja Council. Ya zai ba m taimako a cikin aikin a kan ci gaban da sake fasalin a cikin sojojin. Janar Ruza ne co-author of a yawan Littattafan da ka'idoji. Yaba da jami'an da ya bayar da gudunmawar da Field Manual a 1912. Bayan wannan aiki, Nikolai Vladimirovich koma zuwa sabis a Kiev Soja District, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin kwamandan har farkon yakin duniya na farko.

1914

Bayan yaki ya barke tsakanin masõya da siyasa alliance, wanda hada da Jamus da Austriya-Hungary, da Rasha umurnin da aka aika zuwa yãƙi a cikin Ruza Kudu-Western Front, entrusting ga umarnin da 3rd Army.

Dabarun shugabanci a kan wannan gidan wasan kwaikwayo na yaki da aka yakin Galicia, a cikin abin da Nikolay Vladimirovich, sõyayya da dakarun Janar Brusilov, ya taimaka jefa abokan gaba daga ƙasar Bukovina kuma Eastern Galicia. Amma shi ma aka yi a kallafa kama Lvov da Galich. Tuni a cikin marigayi rani na shekara ta 1914 Ruza Janar Nikolay Vladimirovich muhimmanci kusa da aiwatar: makiya ja da baya, duk da kokarin da ta dakatar da Rasha sojojin a kogin rot Lipa Lipa kuma Gold. Qarshe, Lviv da aka kama, bayan wanda Brusilov yaba da ayyuka daga cikin abokan aiki-a-makamai. Ya bayyana Ruza yadda m, m kuma na fasaha soja shugaban. Amma da ƙasa nasara Galicia nuna duka biyu ingancin soja shugaban. Akwai ya nuna bude anti-Semitism. Me ya sa aka hallaka tsoho mutane a Galicia, Janar Ruza? Bayahude, a cikin ra'ayi, shi ne da farko wani ɗan leƙen asiri a kan ayyuka wanda ya shafi bukatun na Rasha mutane, saboda haka wannan al'umma dole ne a yi kafarar jinin laifuka.

sabon aiki

Nikolay Vladimirovich ga nasara a ayyukan soji da aka ciyar, kuma nan da nan ya aka ɗõra wa ɗaukar umurninMu na Arewa-Western Front, wanda sojojin sha wahala da shan kashi a Gabas Prussia. A halin da ake ciki shi ne halin da cewa da Jamus sojojin sun aka shirya yawa fiye da yadda Austro-Hungarian, don haka ga daidaita halin da ake ciki da ake bukata wani gogaggen soja shugaban, da muhimmancin wanda shi ne manufa janar Ruza. Ya ya iya rike baya da mãsu alãma daga abokan gaba, a cikin fadace-fadace a tsakiyar Vistula kuma karkashin Yaren mutanen Poland Lodz. Kuma abokan gaba na ba kawai aka tsaya a aiwatar da su da tsare-tsaren, amma kuma ya sa dakin baya.

Sa'an nan Jamus High umurnin yanke shawarar da karfafa matsayinsu a Arewa-Maso-Yamma shugabanci to tare da Rasha general. A sakamakon jini fadace-fadace da makiya ba sarrafa zuwa nasara da birnin Augustow, amma ƙoƙarin subjugate da Polish babban birnin kasar sun gaza.

A adawa, arko da birnin Prasnysh, Nikolai Vladimirovich gudanar daidai gina tsaro dabara, haddasa maƙiyi ya dawo a Gabas Prussia. Janar Ruza aka je kai farmaki da abokan gaba da kuma fasa zuwa smithereens da Jamus sojojin. Amma Rasha soja shugabannin suna shan wani bayani: su mayar da hankali kan babban karfi a yaki da Austro-Hungarians, da kuma Arewa-Western Front ya yi aiki a matsayin lãbãraiya Jamus m jirgin.

shaƙatawa

Masanan basu ji dadin wannan illogical dabarun yaki, gaji wajen tunani da kuma jiki kwamandan, mika umurnin zuwa wani janar gaban da suka tafi a kan hutu don warke. Wani lokaci daga baya, Nikolay Vladimirovich ya umarci wani sojojin division, wanda tabbatar da tsaro na Petrograd. Sa'an nan, bayan da "dismemberment" na Arewa-Western Front, zuwa Arewa da kuma West za a jagorancin Janar na farko.

Amma ko da a lokacin da sojoji za su jagoranci kai tsaye da autocrat Nicholas II, ba zai watsi da tsaron gida dabara da cewa yana yiwuwa buri Ruza kuma ya riga ya karkashin wani m hujjar sake aika hutu.

1916

Bayan Allaha watanni shida, ma'abũcin tsari na St. Anne IV har za a sake umarce arewacin gaban. Ya yanzu fatan cewa Rasha umurnin da ke shiga wani aiki hari da wani tsanani buga wa Jamus. Amma fadan damar sojojin ba zato ba tsammani ya fara narke a gaban idanunmu: sojojin sun gaji da yaki da kuma so m da sauri su kõmo zuwa ga iyãlansu ba. Lokacin, a lokacin da kai hari a kan ƙasa na Baltic sojoji mutinied kuma ya ki tafi a kan m, Nikolai Vladimirovich ya yi barazanar da m ruhu na kotun moralizovat.

Duk da haka, wadannan yunkurin kyakkyawan sami ikon canza hanya na aiki, da kuma shirin kai hari da aka ci. Wani lokaci daga baya, kuma ya ƙare da yaki da kanta.

Halayen zuwa ga dalĩli

Masana tarihi har yanzu jayayya game da dalilin da ya sa Janar Ruza ci amanar sarki ba? A cikin hunturu 1917, ya farincikin goyon bayan shirin na jihar Duma wakilai, to dakatar "yi ɗingishi" da "m" da siyasa na halin yanzu gwamnati a fuskar Rasha monarch. Nikolay Vladimirovich, wanda ya tsaya da tabbaci a cikin tsaro na autocratic gwamnatin, m na siyasa, wanda aka gudanar da sarki. Ya kwanan nan, a gaskiya, da kuma ba da dokoki, da canja wurin wani gagarumin rabo na sarki harkokin at rahamar da baƙauye Grigory Rasputin, wanda ya zama wani irin "m Cardinal" a zamanin mulkin Nicholas II. Ya kuma ga girma damunsu da talakawa damu game da Jihar harkokin cikin daular da kuma bayan. Janar son sarrafa wani sabon Rasha ya zama wani autocrat, mafi proactive, a shirye domin canji, waxanda suke da dogon m, a cikin jama'a gwamnati tsarin. Watakila wani ɓangare na sa General Ruza ci amanar sarki.

A tsari don ya dauke kambi

A rana ta farko na spring 1917 autocrat zo daga Tsarskoye Selo zuwa Pskov, inda hedkwatar Arewa Front. Amma babu daya hadu da monarch lõkacin da blue jirgin kasa da zinariya gaggafa isa a dandali. Kawai bayan wasu lokaci akwai Nikolai Vladimirovich, suka bi a cikin mota, inda ya zama sarki. The sosai gaba rana Ruza da shawarar da sarki don aikin abdicate da iko na monarch. Bayan wani lokaci, Janar bayani Nicholas II c daftarin aiki, wanda na dauke da amsoshin da sojoji da matuƙan a kan wani guda tambaya: "Wane ne" domin "ko" da "da renunciation daga cikin kursiyin Romanov?" Kusan duk zabi na farko zaɓi, tare da togiya Janar Kolchak, wanda ya dauki wani tsaka tsaki matsayi. A tsakar dare da Sarkin sarakuna mika Nikolai Vladimirovich da kuma wakilan jihar Duma na manifestos a cikin abin da ya ba da sarauta da karfin iko ga ɗan'uwansa, Michael. Sahaban yau yana da hakkin a ce cewa, watakila, Janar Ruza - wani m, amma da yake da gaske - debatable.

murabus

Lokacin Nikolai Vladimirovich gane cewa Rasha rushe gaba daya autocratic tsarin, ya sulhuntawa ya yi murabus, wanda ƙarshe aka sanya. Don mayar da kiwon lafiya, da janar aika zuwa Caucasus. Ikon a kasar shige zuwa wucin gwamnatin da kuma bazara na 1917 Ruza halartar wani taro na babban umurnin sojojin kasar, wanda ya samu halartar wakilan sabuwar gwamnati.

Janar nema daga membobin gwamnatin mayar da oda a kasar, kawar da rashin bin doka da cewa rinjãya a kan sojojin da kuma a kasar. Alexander Kerensky sa'an nan Ruzsky mummunan soki yunkurin baya tarihi da kuma mayar da daular mulkinsu.

The zuwa ga ikon da Bolsheviks

Lokacin da ikon a kasar ya wuce zuwa cikin "bar" babban hafsan sojojin indignantly ya dauki labarai. Inda ya kasance a wancan lokacin Janar Ruza? Pyatigorsk ya zama na karshe mafaka a gare shi. Ba da da ewa birni aka shagaltar da "ja", wanda za'ayi da kama wani gogaggen shugaban Rasha sojojin. A Bolsheviks san game da m abin yabo, don haka Nikolai Vladimirovich miƙa zuwa yãƙi a tare da su. Amma ya ƙi, ya wanda ya sa aka kashe a Pyatigorsk hurumi. Janar Ruza, wanda mutuwa faru Oktoba 19, 1918, da kuma ba a gane da nasarar da hagu da ake kira "The Great Oktoba Socialist juyin juya halin", sakawa shi a matsayin "babban-sikelin fashi." Ko ta wani hanya, amma mashawarta kwamandan ya sanya wani gagarumin taimako ga hukumar a juyin mulki da ya iya jera m da nasarar da "Hagu", wadda daga ƙarshe ta ba shi lada abin da hana rai.