Rzhevskaya yaƙi a lokacin Great Patriotic War

Lokacin da muka ji da kalmar "yaƙi", da muke da tantama yaƙi a kan wani filin, inda a lokacin da rana da aka yanke shawarar da na contenders zai zama da nasara. Wannan terminology ne saba da m. Amma Rzhevskaya yaƙin ya daban-daban. Yana rufe wani babban adadin lokaci da aka jerin fadace-fadace a cikin past shekaru biyu.

Rzhev- aiki Vyazemskaya

Al'ada lokaci-frame, wanda ya dauki da fadace-fadace na Rzhev (8 Janairu 1942-31 Maris 1943). A lokacin waɗannan kwanaki akwai mutane da yawa lokaci na kwantar da hankula ko wani positional yaki, lokacin da sojojin bai yi hare-haren.

A farkon 1942, a Soviet sojojin ya iya kãfirta da sojojin na Wehrmacht daga Moscow. Amma da counter-m, wanda ya zama daya daga cikin jadadda events na yaki, ya ci gaba. Rate bukaci mafi girma zai yiwu sakamakon. Located a cikin yankin Jamus sojojin "Center" kungiyar.

Soviet sojojin a kasashen yamma da kuma Kalinin Front sun raba, don kewaye, kuma ya halaka cewa ikon. A farkon zamanin Janairu da counter-m, da suka fara da lambar 8, duk abin da aka faruwa bisa ga shirin. Ta gudanar yantar Vereya, Kirov, Mozhaisk, Medyn, Sukhinichi da Lyudinovo. The abubuwan da ake bukata domin yanke da "Cibiyar" a cikin da dama ware kungiyoyin.

kewaye

Duk da haka, da lambar 19 da aka canjawa wuri zuwa wasu fronts a kan umarni na Iosifa Stalina na kai hare hare sojojin. A musamman, 1st Shock Army Kuznetsova aka aiko zuwa Novgorod yankin karkashin Demyansk da 16th Army Rokossovsky ƙaura zuwa kudu. Wannan rage muhimmanci da silt na Soviet sojojin. A sauran sassa kawai ba su da albarkatun kasa don kammala aiki. A shirin da aka rasa.

A marigayi Janairu, sai aka aiko karkashin Rzhev 33rd Army a karkashin umurnin Ifraimu. Wadannan guda sake kokarin karya ta defenses na abokan gaba, amma a karshen su sami kansu kewaye. A watan Afrilu 33rd shi aka halakar da Mikhail Efremov kashe kansa.

Soviet aiki gaza. A cewar} ididdigar, da asarar amounted zuwa 776 000 mutane, wanda 272 000 aka sunk. Daga 33rd Army barke na encirclement yan, t. E. 889 sojoji.

Fada for Rzhev

A lokacin rani na 1942, rabon da ya kafa da aiki don ci birnin a cikin Kalinin yankin. Da farko shi ne Rzhev. Domin kasuwanci sake dauki sojoji biyu fronts - Kalinin (General Konev) da kuma West (General Zhukov).

Yuli 30 ya fara na gaba Soviet m. Yana sãɓã wa jũna sosai a hankali. Kowane shige da bagure yanki na ƙasar daraja dubban rayuka. Tuni a farkon kwanaki na aiki to Rzhev ne kawai 6 kilomita. Duk da haka, shi ya ɗauki kusan wata daya zuwa yãƙe su kashe.

A birnin gudanar ya zo ne kawai a karshen watan Agusta. Yana da jũna cewa Rzhevskaya yaƙi da aka lashe. Akwai aka ma a yarda ya shigar da su cikin gaban hukuma wakilan da shugaban kasar Amurka, wanda ya dubi Soviet rabo mai girma. Rzhev an dauka a kan Satumba 27. Duk da haka, da Red Army zauna a can 'yan kwanaki. Akwai wadanda sun tsaurara Jamus reinforcements, wanda shagaltar da birnin a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba.

Wani Soviet m ƙare a kome. Asarar da yakin Rzhev a cikin wannan lokaci amounted zuwa game da 300 mutane dubu, watau. E. 60% na ma'aikata na Red Army a kan wannan gaba.

Operation "Mars"

Riga a karshen kaka-farkon hunturu da shi ya shirya wani ƙoƙari na karya, ta hanyar da tsaron gida na "Center". Wannan lokaci, an yanke shawarar cewa kai hari zai faru a da waɗanda yankunan inda shi ya ba tukuna aka dauka. Waɗannan su ne wuraren da tsakanin koguna Gzhat da Osugi, kazalika kusa da kauyen na Sun Tud. Akwai da karami yawa na Jamus rarrabuwa.

A daidai wannan lokaci da umurnin da aka ƙoƙarin ɓatar da abokan gaba su shagaltar da Wehrmacht daga Stalingrad, inda wadannan kwanaki ya zo da muhimmanci kwanaki na fadace-fadace.

39th Army gudanar ya tilasta matasa Tud da 1st Mechanized Corps farmaki makiya sulke raka'a kusa da garin White. Amma shi ne mai wucin gadi nasara. Tuni a farkon watan Disamba, da Jamusanci counterattack tsaya Soviet sojojin da kuma hallaka 20th Army. A wannan rabo a jiran biyu gine-gine: 2nd Guards dawakan da 6th Tank.

A Disamba 8 a kan bango na wadannan abubuwan Georgy Zhukov nace cewa aiki "Mars" (codename) ya koma tare da sabunta kuzari. Amma babu wani daga cikin yunkurin karya ta makiya line na tsaro da aka ba kammala samu nasarar. Sojojin karkashin umurnin Janar Khozina, Yushkevich da Zygina kasa. Mutane da yawa suka sake kewaye. A cewar daban-daban kimomi, da yawan Soviet sojojin da suka mutu a lokacin dabam tsakanin 70 da dubu 100. Fadace-fadace na Rzhev a 1942 da kuma bai kawo dogon-jiran nasara.

Operation "Byuffel"

A baya ta faɗa ya kafa da ake kira Rzhevskij tsinkaya wadda aka shagaltar da Jamus sojojin. Shi ne mai m sashe na gaba - kewaye da shi shi ne mafi sauki. Musamman sharply da ya bayyana bayan da Tarayyar Soviet sojojin dauki birnin Great Luka, a Janairu 1943.

Kurt Tseyttsler da sauran umurnin da Wehrmacht ya zama da wuya a tambaye Hitler ya ba da izni ga janyewar sojojin. A ƙarshe, ya amince. The sojojin kasance da za a janye zuwa Lines a yankin birnin Dorogobuzh. Alhakin dauke da fitar da wannan muhimmin aiki shi ne Kanar-Janar Walter Model. A shirin da aka code-mai suna "Büffel", wanda aka fassara daga Jamus a matsayin "bauna".

shan Rzhev

M karyata sojojin Jamus a yarda ya bar aikin kusan lossless. A Maris 30, na karshe soja na Reich bar tashar, wanda aka kai hari ga fiye da shekara. Wehrmacht ajiye komai a birni da kuma kauyen: venison, Gzhatsk, White, Vyazma. Dukkan su sun dauka da Soviet sojojin a cikin Maris 1943 ba tare da wani yaki.

A wannan rabo awaited da Rzhev. Ya aka saki a ranar 3 ga watan Maris. Da farko shiga garin 30th Army, wanda za'ayi a wannan bangare na dogon lokaci da kuma aka staffed kusan daga karce bayan na jini fadace-fadace. Kamar wancan ƙare da fadace-fadace na Rzhev 1942 1943. Dabarun nasarar da ya kai ga cewa a yakin duniya na II himma sake mayar da su cikin tarayyar Soviet.

nẽman mutãnen idankun

A Soviet sojojin bari Rzhev da kuma fara wani kara farko na bar matsayi na Jamus. A sakamakon haka, a watan Maris gudanar ya tura gaban line zuwa yamma ga wani 150 kilomita. Communications Soviet sojojin da aka miƙa. Vanguard nisanta daga raya da kuma na biyu. Inganta jinkirta farko na narke da kuma mummunan hanya yanayi.

Lokacin da Jamus dug a Dorogobuzh gundumar, ya bayyana cewa sojojin da yawa ba nasara, da kuma Red Army tsaya. A gaba manyan nasara zai faru a lokacin rani, lokacin da kammala yakin Kursk.

A rabo daga Rzhev. Nuna a cikin al'adun

A kan Hauwa'u na yakin duniya na II zaune a birnin 56 dubu mutane. City ciyar watanni 17 a zama, a lokacin da shi da aka kone. Local yawan ko gudu da rana kafin, ko bai tsira da Jamusanci hukumomi. Lokacin da Rasha sojojin yanta birni Maris 3, 1943, akwai zauna 150 fararen hula ne.

Game da kimomi na jimlar asarar da Red Army na fiye da shekara na fada, da Marshal Viktor Kulikov, da adadi ya tashi fiye da mutane miliyan 1.

Fadace-fadace na Rzhev bar a game da 300 tsira da makarai, lokacin da fadace-fadace da inda suka 5500. Bayan da yaki ya sake kusan daga karce.

Kazamin fadace-fadace da kuma babbar asarar da aka nuna a cikin mutane ta memory kuma da dama ayyukan art. wani waka Aleksandra Tvardovskogo "Na kashe a ƙasa Rzhev" yana dauke su mafi shahara. Mutane da yawa Monuments yana Tver yankin. Fadace-fadace na Rzhev, gidan kayan gargajiya-panorama na taron - shi duka har yanzu janyo hankalin mai manyan yawan baƙi. A wannan birni a Bugu da kari akwai wata tunawa obelisk.