Samun rigakafi ne me?

Rashin maganin kwayoyin halitta a cikin jikin mutum yana haifar da maganin kare yanayi. Anyi amfani da maganin rigakafi na musamman wanda ke kaiwa microbes. Bayan magance cutar, waɗannan abubuwa sun kasance cikin jiki. Saboda haka, rigakafi yana faruwa. Wannan tsari ne wanda mutum ya sami juriya ga wasu cututtuka.

Hanyar rigakafi

Har zuwa yau, an yi amfani da rigakafin rigakafin daya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a iya magance dukan cututtukan cututtuka: tetanus, diphtheria, hepatitis, coughing cough da sauransu. Dalilin wannan hanya ya ƙunshi gabatar da maganin rigakafi na musamman ga mutum, wanda ya kunshi halayen kare jiki na jiki. An fara wannan tsari a ƙarshen karni na 18. A cewar masana, maganin alurar riga kafi yana taimakawa mutane da yawa daga mutuwa. Don tabbatar da cewa an riga an samar da rigakafi da kyau, kuma sakamakon mummunan sakamako ya kasance kadan, an kirkiro da yawa dalilai. Daga cikin su akwai shekaru da kuma jihar kiwon lafiya, da kuma shigewa zuwa wasu cututtuka wasu nau'i-nau'i a yawan. Ya kamata a lura cewa rigakafi wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci don hana cututtuka da kuma yaduwar su (misali, tarin fuka).

Yi rigakafi mai aiki

Za a iya zama na halitta da wucin gadi. Samun rigakafi na halitta yana faruwa bayan rashin lafiya. Na biyu ana aiwatarwa ta hanyar gabatar da maganin alurar riga kafi. Alurar rigakafi na iya zama da rai, tare da kwayoyin halitta marasa mutuwa, sunadarai, an halicce su tare da taimakon gwanin injiniyoyi, multicomponent, tare da ɓangarori na DNA. Saboda haka, rigakafin rigakafin aiki yana taimakawa wajen yin amfani da dogon lokaci, kare jikin daga cututtuka mai tsanani. Gabatarwar maganin zai iya faruwa a hanyoyi daban-daban: cikin intravenously, cikin tsoka, karkashin fata ko intradermally (mafi yafi dacewa). Tare da rigakafin rigakafi, aikin lissafi daidai ya zama dole. Idan rabon ya wuce, sake komawa cutar. Tare da raguwa, alurar riga kafi zai zama m.

Live cutar, ya riɓaɓɓanya a cikin jiki, stimulates salon salula secretory, humoral rigakafi. Duk da haka, wannan hanyar rigakafi yana da abubuwan da ya ɓace. Da farko, ci gaban cutar zai yiwu. Har ila yau, irin wa] annan maganin sun kasance guda-guda, tun da yake hada su da sauran microorganisms zai iya ba da wani dalili. Samun rigakafi mai aiki shine hanyar da ba dace da mutane da rashin daidaituwa, marasa lafiya da cutar sankarar bargo, lymphoma, wadanda suke shan radiotherapy. An hana yin maganin irin wadannan maganin ga mata masu juna biyu.

Yin amfani da anatoxins

Sau da yawa lokacin amfani da rigakafin rigakafi, ana amfani da anatoxins. Wadannan abubuwa ne da aka samo ta hanyar yada lalacewa zuwa formalin. Ta haka ne, an tsayar da shi, amma yana riƙe da kayyadaddun tsarin. Ana amfani da toxin irin wannan don yin gyare-gyare akan tetanus, diphtheria. Wannan maganin alurar riga kafi yana gudana a matakai biyu, hutu tsakanin wanda ya kamata kimanin watanni 1.5. Sa'an nan kuma a shekara ɗaya, an sake sake su.

Muniyar rigakafin wucewa

An hana jima'i na rigakafi ta hanyar rigakafin rigakafi. A wannan yanayin, an gabatar da kwayoyin cutar zuwa wasu antigens. Yawanci, ana amfani da wannan hanya, idan ba a yi rigakafin rigakafi ba, don magance gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, macizai. Saboda haka, immunization mai wucewa hanya ce da ke bayar da ɗan gajeren lokaci (albeit wani instantaneous daya) kuma ana amfani dashi akai bayan an tuntuba da pathogen. Yi amfani da kwayoyi kamar immunoglobulin na mutum (na al'ada da takamaiman), na musamman. Bayanin kula da amfani da immunoglobulins shine rigakafin hepatitis, kyanda, rashin daidaituwa, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka. An immunoglobulin daga jini jini na fara tasawa. An riga an gwada shi don kamuwa da cuta. Gabatar da irin wannan kwayoyi a cikin intramuscularly. An kiyasta yawan adadin ƙwayoyin cuta a rana ta biyu. Bayan kimanin makonni hudu zasu rabu. Wani lokaci tare da allurar jin zafi. Sabili da haka, masana sun bada shawarar bada ingancin kwayoyi sosai.

Shirye-shirye na shirye-shiryen alurar riga kafi

A wasu lokuta, an riga an yi rigakafin rigakafi. Yin amfani da kwayoyi ne wanda ya kunshi antigens daban-daban. Babban amfani da wannan hanya ita ce rage yawan adadin da ake bukata don gudanar da kowane antigen. Bugu da ƙari, irin wannan alurar rigakafi na taimakawa wajen ci gaba da rigakafi a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma yana ba da damar hada antigens a cikin daban-daban iri (dangane da yanayin annobar da ke faruwa). Wani wakilin mai haske shine maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi don tsohuwar tari, tetanus da diphtheria (DTP).

Alurar riga kafi

Don yin sauri a cire haɗin sarkar wani cuta, an yi rigakafin yawon shakatawa. Wannan tsari ne da aka tsara don maganin alurar rigakafi ga dukkan yara (koda kuwa an yi musu rigakafi a baya). Yawancin lokaci, tsawon jimillar rigakafi ya bambanta daga mako guda zuwa wata daya. Babban manufar irin wadannan ayyuka shine maganin dukkanin kungiyoyin jama'a daga wata cuta. Sau da yawa, irin wadannan ayyukan suna faruwa a kasashe masu tasowa (yaduwar cutar kamuwa da yawa, kuma takardun rigakafi, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba a nan ba).

Abubuwa masu ban al'ajabi a lokacin rigakafi

Ko da yake immunization na jama'a ne mai matukar aminci da kuma dole tsari, bayyanar da mummunan halayen har yanzu yana yiwuwa. Mafi sau da yawa zaka iya lura da ƙaramin ƙananan zafin jiki, zafi a wurin ginin. Yara suna zama masu lalata, ciwo mai ci. Ba a cire, da kuma rashin lafiyan halayen. Ba'a gani sosai game da rubutun Quincke. Idan kana amfani da wani live maganin, shi ne wani lokacin kamu da wani m nau'i na cutar (kyanda, rubella). Don kaucewa irin waɗannan matsalolin, wajibi ne a gudanar da maganin alurar riga kafi daidai. Da farko, yaro dole ne ya kasance cikakke lafiya. Kafin kowane maganin alurar riga kafi, likita ya kamata a bincikarsa, wanda yayi la'akari da zafin jiki na jiki, yayi nazari akan rami na baki, da wuya, kuma yana sauraron huhu. Sai kawai bayan an ba wannan jagoran don maganin alurar riga kafi.

Yaya za a taimaki yaron ya jure wa alurar riga kafi?

Injections shawo kan yara (gajeren lokaci). Saboda haka, kafin alurar riga kafi da yaro da kyawawa don rege shakka. Idan zafin jiki ya tashi bayan grafting (musamman a sama da 39 ° C), ana ba da magunguna don rage shi. A matsayinka na mai mulki, a lokacin wannan yaron ya kasance mai ban sha'awa, ba ya cin abinci sosai. Kada ku ciyar da wasanni masu gudana tare da shi, ku sa ya ci. Zai fi kyau a zabi wasu ayyukan da za a yi. Wajibi ne don samar da yanayi mai dadi a cikin dakin: iska bai kamata ya bushe ba, kuma yawan zafin jiki - maɗaukaki. Ya kamata ya yi nadama da yaron, ya kula da iyakarsa, domin ya ke bukata a yanzu. Idan bayan alurar riga kafi da kyanda, rubella, da dai sauransu. Akwai wani rash, to, wannan bai kamata ya firgita ba. Yawancin lokaci yakan wuce ta bayan kanta bayan 'yan kwanaki. Duk da haka, kowane canje-canjen canji na tsawon lokaci, rikici, matsaloli na numfashi, rashin jin dadi na dogon lokaci - dalilin da ya sa ya juya zuwa likita.

Yakin Lafiya na Immunization - menene?

Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya tana gudanar da makonni na rigakafin Turai na shekaru goma a yanzu. Wannan shi ne jerin ayyukan da aka tsara wajen rarraba bayanai game da muhimmancin maganin alurar riga kafi na jama'a. A lokacin wannan yakin, kowa zai iya koyon abin da alurar rigakafi ke iya kare mutum, menene abubuwan da suka faru a wannan yanki. Zaman Lafiran Ta Yaye yana taimakawa iyaye suyi zabi don yaduwar alurar riga kafi. A wata hanya mai sauƙi, an bayar da bayanai akan dukan cututtukan da za su iya cutar da lafiyar yaro. Babban sako na yaƙin neman zaɓe shi ne: rigakafi wata dama ce ta kawar da cututtuka masu tsanani (ƙananan bishiyoyi, diphtheria), don kawar da su har abada.