Shugabannin Ukraine domin. Shugaban farko na Ukraine. Ukraine ta sabon shugaban kasar

Disamba 8, 1991 za a tuna a duniya domin wani taro a Bialowieza Forest a Belarus, inda yarjejeniyar da aka sa hannu a kan fitarwa na uku Slavic jamhuriyoyin da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma halittar Commonwealth of Independent Amirka. Daga wannan lokacin ya fara wani aiki geopolitical canji, wanda shi ne quite bakin ciki don yin tunãni a kan dukkan membobinta zuwa wannan rana. Bari mu dubi abin da suka shugabannin ƙasar Ukraine. A cikin tsari da suka kasance biyar, amma wasu daga cikinsu na kokarin jayayya da cewa, don haka ka bukatar ka dubi cikin al'amarin.

Kila ya kamata a fara da mutum wanda shi ne kai tsaye da kuma rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya a kan ballewa daga Tarayyar Soviet. A kan wani ɓangare na Ukraine, shi ne Leonid Kravchuk, amma za mu dawo da shi, amma a yanzu, don haka kamar yadda ba su disfigure da Chronology na events, shi wajibi ne a lura da irin wannan mutum a matsayin Mihail Grushevsky. Shugaban farko na Ukraine yana da matukar muhimmanci wajen da ya jimre wa matsaloli da yawa. Suka mai suna bayan Leonid Kravchuk, kuma Hrushevsky a lokaci daya aiki a matsayin shugaban Majalisar Tsakiya. A zamani parlance, ya kasance da magana, domin irin wannan matsayi a matsayin shugaban kasa, har yanzu bai wanzu ba. An bayyana a cikin daftarin kundin tsarin mulki, wanda aka amince da Jamhuriyar Rada Afrilu 29, 1918. Duk da haka, wani mutum for Ukraine shi ne quite muhimmanci - ko da 50 Ukrainian hryvnia ya nuna hoto. A lokacin juyin juya hali, da harkokin kimiyya, kuma tarihi ya tsaya a "kwalkwali" hastily kafa dalĩli, tsananin magana, a cikin wannan hanyar da ya hambarar da (ta hanyar juyin juya hali). A gaskiya ma, domin Ukraine wannan hanya na ikon canji ne quite rare zuwa wannan rana, kusan dukan shugabannin ƙasar Ukraine a cikin tsari da aka canja a cikin wannan hanya.

ranar 'yancin kai

A Verkhovna Rada na Ukrainian SSR a 1991 Agusta 24 soma da yi, a cikin abin da Ukraine ya furta 'yancin kai. Da farko, da Independence Day of Ukraine ya sanar a ranar 16 ga Yuli, ya (amma wadannan shekara, a shekarar 1992, an yanke shawarar canza shi zuwa 24 Agusta). Ba da da ewa bayan 'yancin kai a cikin raba gardama da aka bai wa fiye da 90% na dukkan kuri'un da aka kada. Riga Disamba 1, 1991 wani zaman kanta a jihar da aka gudanar ta farko kai tsaye zaben shugaban kasa a Ukraine, a cikin abin da Leonid Makarovich Kravchuk samu fiye da 61% na kuri'un.

Kravchuk yabo kamar yadda soki. Korau kima ne yafi saboda da cewa shi aka nufi nan take yanke shawara, nan da nan "kin amincewa" na Rasha da kuma m, dangantakar biyu tattalin arziki da siyasa. Amma godiya ga mamaki ikon rawar daji tsakanin adawa siyasa sojojin, ya gudanar ya ci gaba da Crimea a nan gaba kamar yadda wani m jumhuriya, shi ne kawai wani sashi na Ukraine. Kamar yadda ya yi magana da shugaban farko na Ukraine Kravchuk, ya yi kokarin yin duk abin da Ukraine tsiwirwirinsu samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana, ba tare da zubar da jini.

Hanyar shugaban farko: rantsar

Kravchuk ba ko da yaushe wayo da m siyasa shugaba, kuruciya da kuma samartaka Leonida Makarovicha zuwa jam'iyyar aikin kasance mai nauyi. Ya yi amfani da su tuna game da 50 grams na Halva, bayar da ta mahaifiyarsa a kan ranar haihuwar ko a makeshift katako skates. Next ya rayu a wata jami'a ɗakin barci da 12 mutane, amma duk da irin wahalhalu da aka samu nasarar bar baya bayan samun digiri da kuma mayar da su Chernivtsi Financial Technical School domin ya koyar da siyasa da tattalin arziki a shekarar 1958. Tare da dukan aiki na jam'iyyar ya zama mafi alhẽri, kuma rayuwa a shekarar 1991 - da sauƙi.

Shugaban farko na Ukraine zama istinbadi kawai bayan rantsar da shi. Domin Leonid Kravchuk da tawagar, wannan ya mai da muhimmanci sosai aiki, kamar yadda ya faru a karo na farko. Halitta, ya wajaba ya dauki rantsuwar ga kundin tsarin mulki na wancan lokacin, amma tare, shi aka samarwa ba rantsuwar da kuma Peresopnytsia Bishara, kamar yadda aka a lokacin da ya fi tsohon dakin ibada na Ukraine. Saboda gaskiya cewa yayin da take kasar ba tukuna tsayuwa, mawaka da aka gayyata, wanda ya yi "Allah mai girma, haɗe, mu ci gaba da Ukraine." Kamar wancan ne da hukuma tsãgi ya kasance a kan, da kuma shugaban farko na Ukraine hukumance dauki ofishin.

Na biyu shugaban kasa

A shugabancin Leonida Makarovicha dade a gwada gajeren lokaci, da kuma a cikin Yuli 1994 a zagaye na biyu, ya rasa wani lokaci zuwa yanzu firaministan kasar Leonidu Danilovichu Kuchme. The magana "da ba su da daraja, da kuma rasa - muna kuka" za a iya cikakken dangana ga na biyu da asusun a kan wani dan takarar shugaban kasa. Jerin kyaututukan da ya samu ne babban isa ga Ukrainian mutane na iya zama cikakken alfahari da kuma a mafi gaskiyan ji daga kalmar "kuskure" a kan shi. A lokaci guda, da kuma wani jerin daga kasawa a matsayin "looms matsayin eyesore", haka kuma akwai adawar da ya manufofin.

Nasarorin da kasawa

A lokacin da shekaru goma na matsayinsa na shugaban kasa (tsakanin wannan shi ne mafi tsawo lokaci na duk) Shugaba Kuchma iya hana "mahaukaci" kumbura, tun bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, Ukraine da ke cikin wani sosai zurfin tattalin arziki rami. Shugaban ya mai real lokuta ga kasuwar tattalin arzikin a cikin zamani duniya Ukrainian dangantakar a duniya. Ta hanyar sake fasalin kasar ta ba gangara zuwa kasa na tattalin arziki.

A shekarar 1996, wani m da barga kudin da aka gabatar, wanda shi ne sunan hryvnia. A cewar masana, shi ma ya taimaka wajen karfafa tattalin arzikin kasar. Kuchma bai boye gaskiyar cewa je ga EU, amma a lokaci guda, ya kasance a cikin wani sauri ya karya da kusa dangantaka da Rasha, da aka tabbatar da yawa yarjejeniyarsu. Daga cikin wadannan shi ne abin da ake kira Big yarjejeniyar, wadda aka amince da ba da hadin kai tsakanin kasashen biyu a kan wani yawan key masana'antu da kuma yankunan da farko amfana Ukraine kanta, yin shi cikakken fledged player a duniya mataki.

Amma akwai wasu daga Kuchma da "rashin cancanta" da halayensu, wasu unproven, da waɗannan da aka tabbatar, sauki "ka ɓõye up". Daga cikin su iya lura da oda kashe maras so Kuchma jarida cafe Gongadze, cewa "haƙa ƙarƙashin shi" da kuma yana da quite mai ban sha'awa datti, wanda na iya haifar da tsanani matsaloli da nan shugaban kasar. A wannan cajin Kuchma sun ba ya ƙare, kuma a shekarar 2004 da mutane haushi, kamar yadda shuka "Krivorozhstal" An sayar wa ɗansa-a - Viktor Pinchuk. A lokutan Kuchma ya zama ya sha musantawa kuma oligarchy. Sa'an nan - har yanzu da yawa daga laifi lokuta da almubazzaranci da dukiyar jama'a, da kuma yunkurin canja tsarin mulki, don zama a karo na uku. Amma kome zo da shi, a karshen - na gaba zaben shugaban kasa, a cikin abin da Viktor Yanukovych lashe.

Viktor Yanukovych da Orange Revolution

A zaben shugaban kasar na shekara ta 2004, ya lashe nan gaba shugaban Ukraine Yanukovich. Kuma duk abin da yake mai kyau, amma shi ya kasance cikin kungiyar na wani taro yaƙin neman zaɓe na zanga-zangar da cewa ya faru a babban birnin kasar Ukraine, Kiev, a kan Independence Square. Juyin juya halin, daga baya Kwafa da "orange", ya shirya da magoya bayan Viktor Yushchenko, saboda sanarwa na Jamhuriyar Hukumar zabe na da sakamakon, a cikin abin da nasarar Viktor Yanukovych. Sun yi zargin karfi da suka sãɓã wa jũna daga data eksit-zabe da kuma bauta podovdom ga yanke shawarar sake rike wani zagaye na biyu, wanda shi ne lokacin da Kwafa da "uku". Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa wannan juyin juya halin yi aiki a matsayin mai kara Maganta ta kama launi juyin a Georgia, Turkey, da kuma yanzu kasar Sin. Saboda haka, zagaye na uku ya nuna cewa kidan Viktor Yushchenko, duk da cewa da kuzari a kan nada a matsayin shugaban kasar Viktor Yanukovych ya riga ya fara dauka a kan shugabannin jihohi kamar Rasha da kuma Belarus.

Saboda haka, idan wasu m kasashen turai sun ba su da sha'awar a Ukraine da kuma ba su ma san inda wannan kasa shi ne, bayan juyin juya hali, ta zama duniya shahara. A halin yanzu, Janairu 23, 2005 Victor Yushchenko ya karbi rantsuwar na Peresopnytsia Bishara da kuma kundin tsarin mulki na Ukraine, kazalika da dukan shugabannin ƙasar Ukraine (a kan tsari ya kasance na uku). Bayan haka, ya tafi zuwa ga square da kuma ya ba da babban rabo magana.

Board Victor Yushchenko

A lokacin da ya Viktor Yuschenko tabbatar da zama mai taimako na rapprochement tare da Amurka, NATO da kuma Tarayyar Turai. A lokacin da ya ke shugaban kasa, akwai wani karfi hutu duk dangantaka da Rasha: ruhaniya, siyasa, tattalin arziki. Ya so ya biya bashin na Rasha gas, domin kawo a kan wani zance da matsayi na mai shi daga cikin Black Sea kuma zauna a shi da tekun Black Sea jiragen ruwa na Rasha Federation.

Shugaba Yushchenko, kai post na shugaban kasa da kuma samun cikakken iko, yayin da har yanzu karkashin asar, sai murna da Orange Revolution, nan da nan cire daga posts dukan mutane daga baya gwamnatin da kuma maye gurbin su da wadanda suka koma tare da shi. Fira Ministan kasar Yulia Tymoshenko samu wani domin ta soke majalisar dokokin kasar. Wannan ya yi ta Yushchenko shirya domin majalisar wurin zama daga cikin mutanensa. A wannan lokaci, akwai tsaga a cikin "orange kawance". A rikicin siyasa da aka girma kunya tare da "Gazprom" a kan wannan bango. Saboda haka, shugaban kasar yana da wani lokacin da za a magance rikicin kasar, da kuma a halin yanzu yan adawa Viktor Yanukovych ( "jam'iyyar Labaran") da kuma Petro Symonenko ( "jam'iyyar kwaminis ta Ukraine"), tare da Yulia Tymoshenko ( "Fatherland") bukatar tsigewar na shugaban kasa.

Yulia Tymoshenko da ta tawagar fara "untwist" Inuwa makircinsu Yushchenko ya zama sananne quite mai yawa ban sha'awa facts game da awarding yawa dukiyar jama'a ta hanyar sayar da kamfanonin da kamfanonin Shell, misali na wannan - "Rosukrenergo." A lokacin da ya shugabancin Yushchenko gudanar ya raba wata babbar lamba na lambobin yabo da umarni na dubious abin yabo kusan duk 'yan'uwansu.

Bayan wani lokaci ya bayyana cewa ma'anar tsigewar da shugaba ne ba, kamar yadda ta rating ne quite low (duk da cewa yana sa ta tsayawa takara a karo na biyu), saboda gaskiyar cewa ba da nĩsa ba zaben, wanda riga kayyade Yulia Tymoshenko da kuma ta babban abokin hamayyarsa - Viktor Yanukovych.

samu

A 2010, da mai zuwa zaben shugaban kasar ne kusan babu shakka cewa sabon Shugaban kasar ukraine zai zama Viktor Yanukovich Fedorovich. Zaben da aka gudanar a kuma biyu akai-akai. Kamar yadda sa ran, shugabannin sun amince "Party of Labaran" da "Fatherland". Saboda haka, a kan Fabrairu 14 bayan da kirgawa na kuri'un da aka kada, shi ya bayyana cewa nasarar Viktor Yanukovych. A lokacin kaddamar da shugaba da 'yan ban sha'awa lokuta da cewa sun ba su iya samun daga hankalin' yan jarida da kuma masu adawa da Yanukovych. Muddin nan gaba shugaban Ukraine Yanukovych da aka shirya don rantsar, kwanaki biyu kafin a tunawa da kafa Kiev saboda da lalata na karfe fadi Horeb Figures, kuma kunci (Kyi, kunci, Horeb - magabatan na Kiev). Wasu daga wannan yanayin sun iya su ɗaure ga mai zuwa tallafi na da matsayi na Verkhovna Rada. Amma shi ne ba kawai a fun taron. A wani lokaci a lokacin nan gaba shugaban ya shiga majalisar gini, a gaban shi ba zato ba tsammani ya fara rufe kofa.

yi wa'adi ga cimma

Kamar yadda da dukan gabata shugabannin, kwamitin Yanukovych ya fara da halittar tsaye mutane a kusa da shugaban kasar. Ya kira abokan adawarsa "binne kazamin" ga m aiki. Haka abin ya fara da siyasa zalunci na Yulia Tymoshenko da Yuriy Lutsenko, wanda daga bisani aka yanke wa hukunci, da yanke masa hukuncin wani kurkuku lokaci ga wani iri-iri articles. Da sauƙi, Viktor Yanukovych ya bukaci duk da cewa siyasa muradi a cikin wannan, amma imani da shi talauci.

Game da shugaban kasar Yanukovych, sa'an nan ba za mu iya ce cewa a lokacin mulkinsa ya bai isa wani sakamakon. Matsalar shi ne cewa, da bambanci ga duk baya shugabannin, ya yi wani musamman hanya ba wajen karfafa dangantaka tare da kasashen yamma, da kuma a kan raya dangantakar da Rasha, wanda ba musamman na son wannan "pro-Turai" siyasa. A sakamakon haka, na gaba zaben shugaban kasa a Ukraine faru a kan bango na wani sabon juyin juya halin.

sake juyin juya halin

Tuni a cikin marigayi 2013 - farkon 2014 da muka samu a Turai juyin juya halin ko "mutunci juyin juya halin", inda tsohon da sabon shugabannin "Maidan" yanke shawarar gama domin ya yi amfani da juyin juya halin canza gwamnati. Bã su da shi dai itace - kuma a sakamakon Yanukovych guduwa daga kasar. A cikin mahallin da yaki fara shirya domin na gaba zaben, da kuma riga akwai jita-jita cewa Poroshenko - shugaban Ukraine.

Petro Poroshenko

Kusan babu daya shakkar cewa daya daga cikin aiki shugabannin "Maidan" zai zama shugaban kasa. Amma Petro Poroshenko, shi ba a san da yawa kamar yadda wani dan siyasa, amma mafi kamar yadda dan kasuwa ne, mai shi daga cikin sanannun confectionery kamfanin Roshen. Kusan duk, sai Bitrus Poroshenko, sun fasaha 'yan takara na shugaban kasa na Ukraine. Jerin da aka sosai bambancin. A 'yan takara na shugabancin methyl ko Anakin Vader - da dan takarar da "Internet Party of Ukraine", amma aka janye a karshe lokacin. The zabe bai dauki wani ɓangare na Crimea, kamar yadda a lokacin da mazauna zabe a wata kuri'ar raba gardama don shiga cikin Rasha Federation, kuma, ba shakka, a gabacin Ukraine - Donetsk da Luhansk yankin - saboda gudana soja a wadannan yankuna. Rantsar da shugaban Ukraine Poroshenko, kamar Yanukovych, shi ne kuma ba tare da ta ban sha'awa lokacin. Duk da yake Poroshenko tafiya saukar da ja magana zuwa Verkhovna Rada, daya daga cikin sojojin masu tsaron fāda na girmamawa, a fili, ya samu kadan bugun jini, wanda aka sa ya ragu daga hannunsa gun kuma kusan suma. A wannan yanayin, nan gaba kasar tafiya da yadda idan noticing.

Talk game da takamaiman lokuta ne har yanzu ma da wuri, saboda a gaskiya a lokacin yaki a gabashin Ukraine ne da wuya sosai ba wani isasshen kima Poroshenko. The shugaban Ukraine, kamar yadda ya saba, ya ce cikin taskar wawushe, kuma suna da ƙarasa da mutane suke so matakan gabagaɗi, duba a cikin wani haske nan gaba.

Waɗannan duka su ne shugabannin Ukraine domin daga farko zuwa matsananci (bad luck to ce "karshe"). Za ka iya gaske imani kawai a gaskiyar cewa a cikin wannan shugaban saga na Ukraine, wanda a takaice in mun gwada lokaci da samun 'yancin gudanar da tsira a' yan juyin juya hali, da kuma yadda mutane da yawa kamar biyar shugabannin, zai kasance a kan, da kuma kasar za ta samu wani karfi shugaban. Ko da abin da ba shakka zai bi zuwa ga sabon shugaban na Ukraine, da kasashen yammacin ko Rasha, shi ne kawai muhimmanci cewa mazauna jin amintacciyã, natsattsiyã, don haka da cewa fansho fensho ya daraja, da kuma talakawa mutane - da albashi. Amma domin ya cimma wannan, dole ne ka yi kokarin, kuma ko da yake da yawa ya dogara da hali na shugaba, kar ka manta game da mutãne, a cikin ayarinsa, wanda kuma ya zama sha'awar ba kawai a nasu alheri, amma kuma a da jindadin daga mutãnensa. Wannan ne muhimman hakkokin burin na wani kai mutunta siyasa, da yawa kasa da shugaban mai zaman kanta kasa.