Soviet Rasha: da shekaru 1920

A 1917-1918, akwai lokatan yawa muhimmanci canje-canje a duniya siyasa taswira. A abdication na Nicholas II da kuma bi a 'yan watanni bayan da cewa Oktoba juyin juya halin ya kai ga auka na Rasha Empire da samuwar a kan ta kango na al'umma-jiha. Har ila yau a wannan lokaci shi aka raba Austria-Hungary. A yakin duniya na farko da m sakamakon haka da cewa rushewar manyan manyan jihohin - shi ne lightest na da nasa sakamakon.

Soviet Rasha: da shekaru na zama

Periodization na tarihi matakai na raya kasa na yankuna, wanda aka kafa bayan rushewar da Rasha Empire, ya kasance kullum rigima. Alal misali, sama da sanannun Kalmar "Soviet Rasha". Shekaru da wanzuwar irin wannan jiha ko yankin da kuma yanayin ƙungiya daga masana tarihi rarrabe dabam kungiyoyin a hanyoyi daban-daban.

Wasu yi imani da cewa jihar da ake kira Soviet Rasha akwai daga Oktoba 1917 zuwa Disamba 1922. Abin da tattaunawa? Har Oktoba 1917 a kasar da cikin wucin gwamnatin, sa'an nan akwai wani juyin juya halin da kuma Bolsheviks zo da wuta. A shekaru biyar lokacin har zuwa 1922 - lokacin samuwar wani sabon manyan jiha. Disamba 30, 1922 da Tarayyar Soviet zama aka legally dai da ta hanyar tallafi na Kundin Tsarin Mulki.

Na biyu kungiyar na masana tarihi shi ne na ra'ayin cewa Rasha a lokacin Soviet zamanin - yana da wani ra'ayi da yake rufe da dukan tarihi lokacin daga lokacin da juyin juya halin da fall da Tarayyar Soviet a shekarar 1991. Me ya sa? An yi imani da cewa Soviet Rasha, a lokacin da wanzuwar wanda har yanzu haddasa jayayya masana tarihi, wannan shi ne guda daular mulkinsu, wanda ya tara ƙabilun dan hanya ƙasa.

A halin da ake ciki siyasa a Rasha a lokacin daga 1917 zuwa 1922

Wannan lokaci za a iya bayyana a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi firgita a cikin tarihi na Gabas Slavic yankin. A siyasa sharuddan - cikakken rashin tabbas, saboda duk wadannan shekaru, da yak'in. The adawa da hannu magoya bayan daban-daban na siyasa ideas, "ja" (gurguzu, da proletarian motsi, da sojoji naúrar na Red Army), "White Guards" (magoya bayan na monarchical dauki, sojojin Janar Denikin da sauran soja shugabannin), "anarchists" (motsi Nestora Mahno). Hakika, Makhno daina yi Jihãdi, a cikin ƙasa na zamani Ukraine, amma rinjayar da ra'ayoyi da kuma yada zuwa Rasha kanta. 'Yan adawa da aka tare da wani tsanani soja rikicin da ya hallaka mutum albarkatun da kuma lalata tattalin arzikin jihar.

Soviet Rasha cikin shekaru 20 da: da tattalin arziki da halin da ake ciki

Ci gaban da tattalin arziki, ko kuma wajen, ya gama rashin, aka kai tsaye alaka da yaki da zamani. Bayan rushewar daular mulkinsu da kuma m yaki, da yawa kasuwanci da aka lalata. Bugu da kari, mambobin jam'iyyar kwaminis tun shekara ta 1919, ya aiwatar da manufofin da War Kwaminisanci da ragi. Menene wannan yake nufi? Za'ayi da cikakken kawar da kayayyaki-kudi, dangantakar da nationalization na masana'antu da wuraren, da expropriation na manoma na hatsi hannun jari. Domin rashin isar da hatsi don kauyen iya shiga ɓangare na yau da kullum da sojojin. A fili yake fiye da shi wa'adi da fararen hula ...

Tarayyar Soviet a matsayin jiha

Soviet Rasha - abin shekaru? Masana tarihi sun zo ba domin a yarjejeniya a kan wannan batu, amma tasowa da shi za a iya kira kawai bayan samuwar na Tarayyar Soviet. Sa'an nan da aka gudanar na farko shekaru biyar shirin, da New Tattalin Policy da aka gabatar. Hakika, ba za mu iya ce cewa muhimmanci karu da alheri, na yawan jama'ar, amma babban abu - da yaki ya ƙare, kuma kasar karshe rinjaye kwanciyar hankali.

Tarayyar Soviet da aka kafa a matsayin Allied Powers. Daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya, wadda ta zama mambobi ne na RSFSR, Ukraine, Belarus da kuma Transcaucasian Socialist Jamhuriyar. A jihar gwamnati ya gani kunshi da manufa na ikon sadarwa (rashin rabo tsakanin majalisar dokoki da kuma na zartarwa).

Gawan Soviet Rasha hukuma

A farkon shekaru na Soviet ikon kafa wani sabon gaba daya irin na gwamnati. Babban karfe collegial ma'aikata - Tips cewa wanzu biyu a cikin cibiyar kuma a cikin filin. Majalisar kunshi wakilan manyan} ungiyoyin jama'a - kwadago, da factory kwamitocin. Yafi a cikin management jikin na matsayi shi ne All-Russian Congress of Soviets. Hakika, shi bai yi aiki ba duk lokaci. A wancan lokaci, a lokacin da akwai wani congresses, ta ayyuka da aka sanya wa All-Russian Tsakiya kwamitin zartarwa. A personification wannan ikon da dama na 'yan majalisu himma kasance da majalisar jama'ar kasar Commissars (gwamnati).

Bayan shekara ta 1922 akwai wani sauka a hankali canji, saboda jam'iyyar gabobin suna located a kan fari a ikon da tsarin. Ko da yake na aikin Soviet Rasha, a lokacin da heyday daga abin da yake duk da haka ya zo, ya zauna a ƙasar da Soviets, amma gaske a kansa, daga dukan siyasa da zamantakewa da rayuwa ta zama mai VIP a lokacin (b).

A kasashen waje da manufofin na Soviet Rasha a cikin 1920s,

da Bolsheviks dauke da fitarwa na gurguzu juyin juya hali, ta babban aiki a cikin kasa da kasa fagen fama a kan duniya. A wannan filin a 1918 shi ne iya cimma wasu nasara (da Jamusanci juyin juya halin).

uku kwatance na kasashen waje da manufofin za a iya raba farkon shekaru na Soviet Rasha:

• da sanya hannu kan Brest-Litovsk yarjejeniya.
• da yaki da amfani da makamai baki a cikin ƙasa na Jamus da kuma wakilan da Entente.
• Rapallo yarjejeniyar a 1924.

ƙarshe

A ƙarshen 1910s-1920s sun ga kasar shi ne da wuya sosai. Ya zama dole a shawo kan halakar da yaki da kuma fara gina wata sabuwar al'umma a zaman sharuddan. Amma ko da wannan ba zai iya tabbatar da barna da aka aikata ta hanyar da gwamnati a lokacin da zamani daga 1918 zuwa 1921 (War Kwaminisanci da kuma requisitioning). Tare da finalization na sabon Union jihar a 1922 a hankali ya fara inganta rayuwar, wanda ya kai ga wasu shakatawa na matsin lamba a kan yawan jama'a.