Masana'an a cikin Tarayyar Soviet: na farko shekaru biyar shirin

A farko shekaru biyar shirin - shi ne matukar saka suna na farko shekaru biyar shirin a matsayin wani ɓangare na tilasta masana'antu na Tarayyar Soviet a cikin marigayi 1930s. Saboda wannan lokaci lokaci, kasar samu wani iko da masana'antu-soja hadaddun.

Mene ne Jigo na tilasta masana'antu na Tarayyar Soviet? A kasa da New Tattalin Policy, ko NEP, wato da rikicin na hatsi samuwa a cikin shekaru 1927-1928, ya kai ga shawarar da jagoranci canji a cikin tattalin arziki da manufofin da farkon na gyara daga cikin dukan tsarin na Union.

A lokacin farko shekaru biyar shirin - 1928 (ranar da tallafi na shirin) - 1932 (wa'adin, watau yin duk ayyuka na rukunin farko na masana'antu).

A cikin miƙa mulki ga sabon manufofin da tallafi na farko shekaru biyar shirin da aka sanya a kan 16 taron na CPSU (b). A farko shekaru biyar shirin fara a watan Oktoba 1928. Wannan ke nan a lõkacin da shirin da aka soma, amma shi ya ba tukuna bayyana manufofin.

Abin da ake cikin manufofin kafa da kanta gwamnatin da Tarayyar Soviet? Da fari dai, ya zama dole a shawo kan fasaha da kuma gamammen ci baya na kasar. Na biyu, Tarayyar Soviet ya rabu da tattalin arziki dogara, da farko a kan soja kayayyaki. Na uku, kafin ikon ya na da muhimmanci aiki: don ƙirƙirar wani iko soja-masana'antu hadaddun. Huxu, da masana'antu da aka ba wani karfi dalilin collectivization.

A farko shekaru biyar shirin yana da halaye:

• high girma (masana'antu da ake kira "tilasta");
• deadlines (sanannen kira "Ka 5 yrs a 4 shekaru!).
• disproportion a ci gaba: da predominance na manyan masana'antu a kan haske,
• aiwatar da masana'antu a kudi na cikin gida da tanadi.

Soviet shugabannin da su yi amfani da duk wajen don jawo hankalin mutane zuwa ga salla "yi site." Daruruwan mutane, ganin yaƙi da kira, aika da gina masana'antu, aza railroads, halarci gina ikon shuke-shuke. A wannan zamanin, akwai wani taro na sanannun Soviet posters da cewa daidai da jigon kai-sani na mutane a wancan lokaci.

Har ila yau, a lokacin farko da shekaru biyar shirin da aka kaddamar collectivization, wanda aka tare da dispossession. A shekara ta biyu ta farko shekaru biyar shirin zai daga baya za a kira shi "shekara na babban canji." Duk da haka, ba kowa da kowa ya san abin da farashin halitta na gama gonaki da kamfanoni. Yadda yawa matalauta iyalai da aka hana na cikin gida, yadda mutane da yawa suka mutu daga sanyi ...

A 1932, da karshen na farko da shekaru biyar shirin. Its Sakamakon kamar haka:

• m tsaro hadaddun da aka halitta.
• Yana da aka shafe rashin aikin yi;
• tattalin arziki da 'yancin kai na Tarayyar Soviet da aka cimma.
• akwai mai shirya tsarin tattalin arziki na Tarayyar Soviet .
• shekaru biyar shirin ya kara kuzari mai yawa ci gaban kasar.

A farko shekaru biyar shirin ya cin nasara cikin sharuddan ayyuka: haifar da DnieproGES, Uralmash, akwai giant karfe shuke-shuke, ciki har da wani shuka a Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk, Novokuznetsk da Norilsk. Bude da farko jirgin karkashin kasa a Moscow, ya fara ayyukan tarakta masana'antu a Stalingrad da Kharkov. Saboda haka, da Tarayyar Soviet wata babbar soja ikon da masana'antu 'yancin kai.