Sinuses na Dura Mathes (venous sinuses, kwakwalwa sinuses): Anatomy, ayyuka

Kwakwalwa ne cikin jiki da tabbatar da tsari na duk jiki ayyuka. An kunshe a cikin abun da ke ciki na tsakiya m tsarin. karatu kwakwalwa tsunduma da ci gaba da tafiyar da manyan masana kimiyya da kuma likitoci a duniya.

Overview

Kwakwalwa ya hada da biliyan 25 neurons, forming da launin toka al'amarin. Jiki nauyi dabam dangane da jima'i. Alal misali, maza da wani taro na game da 1375 g a mata - a 1245 da talakawan shi lissafinsu 2% na jimlar jiki nauyi. Kamar haka masana kimiyya ya gano cewa matakin ilimi ci gaba ne ba nasaba da kwakwalwa nauyi. Iyawarsa ta tunani da shafi yawan sadarwa kafa iko. Kwakwalwa Kwayoyin ne neurons da glia. A farko sa da kuma watsarwa hatsaisai, na biyu - yi ƙarin ayyuka. Tu kwakwalwa akwai wani rami. Suna da ake kira da ventricles. A sassa daban daban na jikin mutum daga jiki kafin mu tashi girman kwanyar jijiyoyi. Suna guda biyu. Total tafi daga kwakwalwa 12 nau'i-nau'i daga jijiyoyi. Brain cover uku harsashi: taushi, tukuru, da kuma arachnoid. akwai sarari tsakanin su. A cikinsu akwai wurare dabam dabam na cerebrospinal ruwa. Yana abubuwa a matsayin waje hydrostatic CNS yanayi da kuma samar da tukar tumbi na na rayuwa kayayyakin. Shell na kwakwalwa ya bambanta a sifa da yawan tasoshin wucewa a gare su. Duk da haka, da suka samar da kariya daga abinda ke ciki daga saman kwanyar inji lalacewa.

arachnoid MO

Arachnoidea encephali rabu da m harsashi da capillary cibiyar sadarwa subdural sarari. Yana ba ya je cikin GROOVES da furrows kamar jijiyoyin bugun gini. Duk da haka, da arachnoid membrane kuma ƙone ta hanyar su a cikin nau'i na gadoji. A sakamakon haka ne subarachnoid sarari, wanda ya cika share ruwa. A wasu wuraren, zai fi dacewa a kan tushe na kwakwalwa, akwai kyau musamman cin subarachnoid sarari. Sun samar da zurfi da kuma fadi da kwantena - tank. Sun ƙunshi cerebrospinal ruwa.

Jijiyoyin bugun gini (m) MO

Pia Mathes encephali kai tsaye rufe surface na kwakwalwa. Yana da aka gabatar a cikin wani nau'i na biyu-Layer m farantin, wanda kara a rata da furrows. A halin yanzu jijiyoyin bugun gini MO chromatophores - pigment Kwayoyin. Musamman mai yawa daga gare su samu a cikin sansanin na kwakwalwa. Bugu da ƙari, akwai wanzu lymphoid, mast Kwayoyin, fibroblasts, kuma da yawa jijiya zaruruwa da su rabe. Part taushi MO bi jijiya tasoshin (matsakaici da kuma manyan), kai arterioles. Tsakanin su ganuwar da kuma harsashi aka shirya sarari Virchow - Robin. Suna cike da cerebrospinal ruwa da kuma yi sadarwar da subarachnoid sarari. Ta hanyar su spanned na roba da kuma collagen fibrils. Suna dakatar da tasoshi, inda da yanayi na hijirar a lokacin ripple ba tare da shafi cikin medulla.

TMO

An halin musamman high ƙarfi da yawa. A da tsarin akwai babban adadin na roba da kuma collagen zaruruwa. Yana Forms wani m harsashi na m connective nama.

Features

Hard harsashi rufi da rami a ciki da kwanyar. A daidai wannan lokaci shi abubuwa kamar yadda ta ciki periosteum. A cikin yankin na manyan rami a baya na TMO zama da wuya harsashi na laka. Yana kuma siffofin da perineural daina kai hare hare na girman kwanyar jijiyoyi. Iya shiga a cikin rami, da harsashi tsiro tare da gefuna. Dangane da wani sa na m ƙasũsuwa. A harsashi za a iya sauƙi rabu da su. Wannan ne ya sa ta da yiwuwar epidural hematoma. A cikin yankin na girman tushe harsashi fis din tare da kashi. A musamman, karfi Fusion lura a shafukan mahadi daga cikin abubuwa da juna girman kwanyar jijiyoyi da kuma fita daga cikin kogo. A ciki surface da harsashi da aka yi liyi da endothelium. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa ta smoothness da pearlescent inuwa. A wasu wuraren, ya ce tsagawa membranes. Ga kafa ta tafiyar matakai. Su protrude warai a cikin ramummuka, wanda aka raba sassa na kwakwalwa. A yankunan bambanta rarrabuwar matakai, kazalika a filin daga abin da aka makala da ƙasũsuwa na ciki girman kwanyar tushe triangular tashoshi suna kafa. Suna kuma an rufe shi da endothelium. Wadannan tashoshi - shi sinuses na Dura Mathes.

sickle

An dauke da most offshoot da harsashi. Lauje ratsa cikin tsaye Ramin tsakanin hagu da kuma dama hemispheres, ba tare da kai da ayyukan marubuta callosum. Yana da wani bakin ciki mai lankwasa lauje farantin 2 a cikin nau'i na zanen gado. A tsaga-tushen aiwatar ta'allaka m sagittal sinus. A daura da gefen jinjirin da aka thickened kuma tare da biyu petals. A cikinsu ta'allaka ƙananan sagittal sinus.

Fili da cerebellar abubuwa

A gaban da jinjirin wata coalesces da cockscomb a cikin ethmoid kashi. The raya yankin a occipital kunya protrusion an haɗa zuwa ciki snaring cerebellum. Ya, bi da bi, rataye a kan girman kwanyar fossa kafa alfarwarsa. A shi ya ta'allaka da cerebellum. Ya gallop shiga gangara Ramin a cikin babbar kwakwalwa. A nan, ya raba da cerebellar hemispheres na occipital lobes. A sahun gaba gallop ba magudi. Akwai daraja kafa da wanda gaban brainstem. Kaikaice rabo gallop Fused tare da tsagi gefuna a baya na mai gangara sinus a kan occipital kashi da babba gefuna da pyramids a cikin boko kashi. Fili wuce zuwa na baya matakai na sandan memba a gaban sassa na kowane gefe. A sagittal jirgin sama ne falcula. Its gaban baki ne free. Ya rabu da cerebellar hemispheres. A baya na sickle aka located tare da ciki occipital dagi. Da ta ke da babban baki da rami da kuma rufe shi da ƙafãfu biyu a garesu. A tushe ne ba lauje occipital sinus.

wasu abubuwa

Iris tsaye a cikin Turkish sirdi. Yana da wani farantin shirya horizontally. A cikin hedkwatarsu da wani rami. Farantin aka mĩƙe kan pituitary fossa da kuma siffofin da rufin. A karkashin diaphragm ne pituitary gland shine yake. Ya ta hanyar da rami da aka haɗa ta hypothalamus ta yin amfani da mazurari da kafafu. A cikin yankin na trigeminal depressions kusa da saman boko kashi Dura raba zuwa 2 takardar. Sai suka samar da wani rami a cikin abin da jijiya kumburi (trigeminal).

Sinuses na Dura Mathes

Su wakiltar sinus kafa saboda tsakiyan nonon a kan TMO biyu zanen gado. cerebral sinuses aiki a matsayin mai irin tasoshin. Su ganuwar suna kafa ta faranti. Sinus da cerebral jijiyoyinmu raba na kowa hali. Su ciki surface ne liyi tare da endothelium. A halin yanzu da cerebral sinuses da kwanoni na daban-daban bango tsarin kai tsaye. A karshen ne m, kuma sun hada da uku yadudduka. Lokacin da lumen fadi bangaranci jijiyoyinmu. Ganuwar da sinuses, bi da bi, shi ne yãgaggun leɓɓa. Sai suka samar da wani m fibrous connective nama, wanda ya ƙunshi na roba zaruruwa. Idan gaping bangaranci sinus lumen. Bugu da kari, venous bawuloli tasoshin ne ba. A cikin sinus cavities akwai da dama m katakanta, suka corrugated sanduna. Suna rufe endothelium da an jẽfa daga bango zuwa bango. A wasu sinuses, wadannan abubuwa bambanta babba ci gaba. Ganuwar da sinuses ba murdede abubuwa. Sinuses na Dura Mathes da tsarin barin jini zuwa da yardar kaina daga ƙarƙashinsu tafi a karkashin sakamakon da nauyi ba tare da la'akari da intracranial matsa lamba oscillations.

iri

Akwai da wadannan dural venous sinuses:

1. Sinus sagittalis m. A babba sagittal sinus kara tare da babba baki na wani babban jinjirin daga cockscomb da occipital ciki tsinkaya.
2. Sinus sagittalis baya. Lower sagittal sinus aka located a cikin ciki na free gefen babban lauje. Ya gudanar a cikin sinus rectus baya. A fili ne a yankin inda ƙananan gefen babban jinjirin Yanã shigar da gaban baki cerebellar gallop.
3. Sinus rectus. Mike sinus aka located a cikin tsakiyan nonon kunno kai daga a haɗa line wa manyan lauje.
4. Sinus transversus. A gangara sinus aka located a cikin wuri na asali na gallop cerebellum daga kwakwalwa membranes.
5. Sinus occipitalis. Occipital sinus overlies tushe cerebellar lauje.
6. Sinus sigmoideus. Sigmoid sinus aka located a cikin homonymous tsagi a ciki surface daga cikin kwanyar. Ya dubi a cikin irin na wasiƙa S. A lakar foramen yankin sinus wuce a cikin ciki jannayẽnsa.
7. Sinus cavernosus. Nunka cavernous sinus aka located a garesu na sella.
8. Sinus sphenoparietalis. Sphenoparietal sinus dab da na baya free shafukan a kan kananan reshe na sphenoid kashi.
9. Sinus petrosus m. Upper sinuses located a sama baki na boko kashi.
10. Sinus petrosus baya. Rocky ba tare da ƙananan gangara ne tsakanin occipital da kuma na boko kashi dala.

Sinus sagittalis m

A babba gaban sassa na ba tare da anastomose (alaka) tare da jijiyoyinmu daga cikin hanci kogo. A baya na gudana a cikin gangara sinus. Hagu da kuma dama da shi ne gefen gibba sadarwa tare da ita. Suna wakiltar wani kananan rami dake tsakanin m da ciki zanen gado TMO. Da lambar kuma size ne sosai daban-daban. Gibba a sadarwar da rami sinus sagittalis m. Su ne m membranes da jini na kwakwalwa, kazalika da diploic jannayẽnsa.

sinus rectus

Mike sinus ayyukan matsayin irin ci gaba na sinus sagittalis na baya baya. Yana ta haɗu da raya ɓangare na sinuses m kuma na baya. Bugu da ƙari kuma babba sinus, da ƙarshen gaban hada da babban sinus rectus Vienna. Bayan sinus empties a cikin tsakiyar ɓangare na sinus transversus. Wannan shafin ne da ake kira sinus Tsarki.

sinus transversus

Wannan sinus shi ne mafi girma da kuma mafi m. A cikin ciki na wuyansa kashi Sikeli shi yayi dace da mai fadi da kwarin kunya. Bugu da ari sinus transversus wuce zuwa sigmoid sinus. Sa'an nan, ya tafi zuwa cikin bakin ciki lakar jirgin ruwa. Sinus transversus da sinus sigmoideus, haka yi aiki a matsayin babban venous kududdufai. A wannan yanayin, na farko fada duk sauran sinuses. Wasu venous sinuses shigar da shi kai tsaye, wasu - a kaikaice. Dama da hagu a kaikaice sinus ci gaba sinus sigmoideus m gefe. Yankin inda shi daga ƙarƙashinsu a cikin venous sinuses sagittalis, rectus da occipitalis, aka kira dake kwarara.

sinus cavernosus

Its sauran sunan - da cavernous sinus. Wannan sunan ya samu dangane da gaban mahara partitions. Su ba a sinus dace tsarin. Bayan cavernous sinus gwada sallama, ocular, trochlear, oculomotor jijiya da kuma carotid jijiya (ciki) tare da m plexus. Tsakanin dama da kuma gefen hagu na sinuses ba da sako. An wakilci a cikin nau'i na gaba da raya mezhpescheristogo sinus. A sakamakon haka, a yankin na da sella turcica kafa jijiyoyin bugun gini zobe. A cavernous sinus (a cikin agara) da dama a sinus sphenoparietalis.

Sinus petrosus na baya

Ya shiga saman lakar kwan fitila (ciki) jannayẽnsa. By sinus petrosus na baya ma dace labyrinth tasoshin. Sinuses Dura alaka mahara jijiyoyin bugun gini tashoshi. A wani basilar surface na occipital kashi, sai suka samar da wannan sunan plexus. An kafa ta ci daga venous rassan dama da hagu sinus petrosus baya. Alaka ta cikin foramen magnum da ciki basilar vertebrate jijiyoyin bugun gini plexus.

bugu da žari

A wasu wuraren, sinuses Shell form anastomoses da waje na jijiyoyinmu na kai da taimakon digiri - emissarnyh jijiyoyinmu. Bugu da kari, sadarwa da sinus diploic rassan. Wadannan jijiyoyinmu suna located a cikin cancellous kashi a cikin girman kwanyar vault kuma ya kwarara a cikin na waje tasoshi da tukwane na shugaban. Jini haka gudana tafi a cikin rassan da jijiyoyin bugun gini sinuses TMT. Sa'an nan kuma ya gudana a cikin hagu lakar da dama (ciki) jannayẽnsa. Saboda sinus anastomoses da diploic tasoshi, tsofaffin] aliban kuma plexus, jini iya gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu tafi a cikin surface cibiyar sadarwa mahaluži.

tasoshin

Don da Dura ta hanyar da hagu da dama ramuka spinous dace meningeal (talakawan) jijiya (maxillary reshe). A temporo-parietal yanki TMO shi rassan. Daina kai hare hare cikin agara girman kwanyar fossa kawota daga cikin agara jijiya jini (trellis reshe na ocular jijiyoyin bugun gini tsarin). A TMO na baya fossa na baya kwanyar meningeal rassan, da rassan vertebral da occipital jijiya reshe mastoid.

jijiyoyi

The wuya harsashi ne innervated da daban-daban rassan. A musamman, shi dace reshe na vagus kuma trigeminal jijiyoyi. Bugu da kari, m innervation samar da zare. Sun zo a cikin wani m harsashi a cikin kauri daga cikin matsanancin garun jini. A cikin yankin na gaban girman kwanyar fossa Dura samun sprouts daga na gani jijiya. Ya reshe - tentorial - samar innervation cerebellar gallop da lauje kwakwalwa. Sayen tsakiya girman kwanyar fossa da za'ayi saboda meningeal aiwatar maxillary da mandibular jijiya rabo. Mai rassan gudanar tare da jirgin ruwa harsashi. A snaring na cerebellum, duk da haka, halin da ake ciki shi ne da ɗan daban-daban. Akwai kananan tasoshin da kuma jijiya rassan shirya a cikinta da kansa.