Soviet lokaci: da shekaru na tarihi. Photo na Soviet lokaci

Soviet lokacin jerin baƙaƙe maida hankali ne akan lokaci daga zuwa ga ikon da Bolsheviks a 1917 da kuma a gaban Tarayyar Soviet rushe a shekarar 1991. A cikin wadannan shekarun da suka gabata jihar da aka kafa gurguzu tsarin da kuma a lokaci guda wani yunkurin da aka yi ya dauko Kwaminisanci. A cikin kasa da kasa fagen fama Tarayyar Soviet karkashin jagorancin gurguzu kungiyar kasashen ma jajirce don ginin kwaminisanci.

A shekara ta farko da Soviet ikon

The zuwa ga ikon da Bolsheviks da m m rashin lafiya na zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, siyasa da al'adu duniyoyin al'umma gaba daya ya canza fuskar tsohon Rasha Empire. A ake kira mulkin kama karya na proletariat kai ga duka mamayar guda jam'iyyar, wanda yanke shawara aka ba kalubalanci.

A kasar da aka nationalized da kuma samar da manyan masu zaman kansu dukiya da aka haramta. Duk da haka, a Soviet sau da shi da aka gudanar a lokacin da 1920 New Tattalin Policy (NEP), wanda ya taimaka da wani Tarurrukan na cinikayya da samar. Photo na Soviet lokaci na 1920 - mai kyau tushen ga tarihi na zamani karkashin review, kamar yadda ya nuna babban canje-canje da suka faru a cikin al'umma tun rasuwar Rasha Empire. Duk da haka, wannan lokaci dade ba: a karshen shekaru goma da jam'iyyar ta kafa ta gani a karkashin shugabancin tsakiya da tattalin arziki Sphere.

A farkon ta zama, jihar biya mai girma da hankali ga akidar. Jam'iyyar ilimi shirye-shirye da nufin samuwar wani sabon mutum a cikin Soviet zamanin. A lokacin har zuwa 1930, duk da haka, za a iya gani a matsayin mai dõgẽwa, kamar yadda idan a cikin wani jama'a har yanzu rike wasu 'yanci, misali, a yarda da muhawara a kan kimiyya, fasaha, adabi.

A zamanin Stalinism

Tun 1930 da kasar daga karshe kafa totalitarian tsarin mulki. Daba na hali, da cikakkar dominance na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis, collectivization da kuma masana'antu, gurguzu akidar - cewa asali mamaki zamanin. A cikin siyasa Sphere kafa tafin kafa mulkin Stalin, wanda dalĩli ya gida da bude kofa, da kuma yanke shawara ba batun tattaunawa ko ma fiye da shakka.

A tattalin arzikin ma ya canja da cika fuska, cewa ya zama wurin hutawa a lokacin Soviet zamanin. Shekaru na masana'antu da kuma collectivization kai ga halittar da Tarayyar Soviet na babban masana'antu samar, da saurin ci gaban da sun fi mayar sa cikin nasarar da Great Patriotic yaki da kuma kawo ƙasar zuwa ga daraja da manyan manyan kasashen duniya. Photo na Soviet zamanin 1930s nuna ci gaba a cikin halittar manyan masana'antu a kasar. Amma a lokaci guda noma, kauye, ƙauyen da aka raunana da kuma na cikin bukatar tsanani garambawul.

Tarayyar Soviet a cikin shekaru 1950-1960

Bayan Stalin ta mutuwa a 1953 ya zama na fili da bukatar canji a duk duniyoyin al'umma. Soviet sau a cikin shekaru goma da zama a tarihi kimiyya da ake kira "narke". A XX jam'iyyar Congress aka dethroned a watan Fabrairu 1956, Stalin da mutumin daba, kuma wannan ya kasance da sigina na tsanani da sake fasalin.

m fi na wadanda ke fama a cikin wuya shekaru na danniya da aka za'ayi. Da ikon ya tafi da weakening a cikin tattalin arziki management. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1957, sai aka soke ma'aikatar masana'antu da maimakon halitta yankin sashen na samar da iko. Mun fara rayayye aiki majalisarku da na kasa tattalin arzikin da jihar kwamitin Industrial Management. Duk da haka, ya gyara aikinsa, sun ba gajere sakamako sa'an nan kawai kara da administrative rikice.

A noma, gwamnatin dauki jerin matakan inganta ta yi (bashi write-kashe daga gama gonaki, da] a] e, da ci gaban budurwa asashe). A lokaci guda MTS tsiyacewa m masara amfanin gona, kara girma na gama gonaki da wani mummunan tasiri a kan ci gaban na kauye. Soviet lokaci 1950 - farkon rabin shekarar 1960 ya shiga wani lokaci na inganta rayuwar al'umma Soviet, amma a lokaci guda saukar da wani yawan sabon matsaloli.

Tarayyar Soviet a cikin shekaru 1970-1980

LI Board Brezhnev aka alama ta sabon sake fasalin a cikin m da kuma bangaren masana'antu. Power ya koma zuwa ga reshe manufa of management kamfanoni, duk da haka, sanya wasu canje-canje a samar da tsari. Kamfanoni da aka canjawa wuri zuwa kudin lissafin kudi, kimantawa da tattalin arziki aiki ne yanzu da za'ayi ba da babban, kuma a tallace-tallace. Wannan mataki yana da ƙara da ban sha'awa na kai tsaye kera ƙara da kuma inganta samar.

A matsayin hanyar zaman kansa riba tushe halitta tattalin arziki ihisani. Bugu da kari, abubuwa na wholesale cinikayya da aka gabatar. Duk da haka, wannan garambawul ba zai shafi tushe na Tarayyar Soviet ta tattalin arzikin da haka ba kawai ta wucin gadi sakamako. A kasar ya ci gaba da zama saboda da m ci gaba da kuma bari a baya a kimiyya da kuma fasaha sharuddan, da raya ƙasashe na yammacin Turai da kuma Amurka.

A jihar a lokacin 1980-1990

A cikin shekaru na perestroika tsanani yunkurin kawo canji da tattalin arzikin tarayyar Soviet aka Kanmu. A shekarar 1985, hukumomi suka bi tafarkin su hanzarta ci gaban tattalin arziki. Girmamawa da aka sanya shi ba kimiyya da fasaha kyautata na samarwa. Manufar yin gyare-gyare da aka cimma a duniya-aji tattalin arzikin. Fifiko - ci gaban da m aikin injiniya, inda babban zuba jari gudana. Duk da haka, yunkurin kawo canji da tattalin arzikin umurninSa, kuma administrative matakan kasa.

Yana da aka za'ayi jerin siyasa, kwaskwarimar, musamman, da hukumomin shafe umurnin jam'iyyar, ya gabatar da wata biyu-bene tsarin na majalisu ikon a kasar. Majalisar Koli ta ci gaba da aiki majalisar dokokin kasar, an amince da matsayin shugaban kasa na Tarayyar Soviet, ya yi kira a mulkin demokra] iyya da yanci. Sa'an nan kuma, gwamnatin buga da manufa na gaskiya, watau. E. A gaskiya, da kuma yin amfani da bayanai. Duk da haka, yunkurin kawo canji da wani kafa administrative-umurnin tsarin kare a faduwa da kuma haifar da wani janar rikicin a cikin al'umma, wanda ya kasance a cikin hanyar rushewar Tarayyar Soviet.

A Soviet lokaci a Rasha da kuma tarihin duniya

Tsakanin 1917-1991 shekaru - a dukan zamanin, ba kawai ga Rasha amma ga dukan duniya. Our kasar ya halartar babban ciki da waje tunkaro, kuma ko da yake shi ya zama daya daga cikin manyan ikokin a cikin Soviet zamanin. A tarihin wadannan shekarun da suka gabata rinjayi siyasa domin ba kawai a Turai, inda akwai wata gurguzu sansanin karkashin jagorancin tarayyar Soviet, amma kuma a kan abubuwan da suka faru a duniya a matsayin dukan. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa Soviet-zamanin sabon abu haka sha'awar biyu cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje masu bincike.