Su-47 "Berkut": photos, Properties. Me kusa da aikin?

Aircraft yi, musamman a cikin soja Sphere, mun ko da yaushe biya musamman da hankali ga - da tsawon iyakoki ne mai babbar, amma saboda babu fama jirgin sama a kowace hanya. Ko da a cikin shekaru 90 da wannan bangaren ya gudanar ya tsira. Watakila wani ya ambaci babban rabo bayyanar da C-37, wanda daga baya ɓullo da cikin Su-47 "Berkut". A sakamakon bayyanar ya kasance mamaki, tare da sabon fasaha ya sa m sha'awa ba kawai a cikin kasar amma kuma kasashen waje. Me ya sa wannan ya faru?

Basic bayanai a kan shirin

Gaskiyar cewa jirgin saman ya janyo hankalin duniya da hankali saboda gaba-share fuka-fuki. Tashin hankali ne irin wannan cewa ko da a yau ta tattaunawa na aikin PAK FA ga waɗanda events ba su isa. Duk masana annabta da farin ciki sabon ci gaba a nan gaba da kuma mamaki a lokacin da za a Su-47 a cikin rundunar sojojin "Berkut". Me rufe da aikin idan shi ne duk haka ban mamaki? A wannan, kazalika da turakun na ci gaba da wannan jirgin sama a yau kuma za mu yi magana.

"Top m" abu

An sani cewa na farko da samfur dauki a cikin sama kusa Moscow a karshen watan Satumba 1997. Amma da sosai al'amari ta zama zama da aka sani da yawa a baya. Tuni a cikin marigayi 1994, kafofin watsa labaran yammacin sun akai-akai rubuta cewa a Rasha an tasowa wasu m jirgin sama. Ko kawo sunayensu sunan ya nuna - da C-32. A general, ga alama cewa asirin gaskiyar kasancewar jirgin an ci gaba a gare mu, saboda kafofin watsa labarai da kuma yammacinta na baya share rubuta a fili.

Domestic guda soja fasahar masoya samu tabbaci daga wannan bayanai har zuwa karshen shekara ta 1996. A cikin gida periodicals m bayyana, nan da nan ya sa da yawa daga tambayoyi. Yana da aka biyu jirage: daya daga cikinsu shi ne sauki tsammani da Su-27, amma na biyu mota ya ba da wani abu irin wannan. Da fari dai, shi ne gaba daya baki, cewa ga m Air Force ne ba ma na hali, da kuma abu na biyu, ya share fuka-fuki. Bayan wani biyu na watanni (kuma wannan ba abin mamaki) a cikin wannan waje kafofin watsa labarai da fairly cikakken makirci na sabon jirgin sama. Idan wani bai ganin shi ne Su-47 "Berkut".

A general, wani adadin na sirri su kiyaye duk wannan kasa: ya juya daga baya cewa aikin ayyukan da aka fara a cikin 80 na. Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet ta bayyana a cikin jama'a yankin kusan dukan bayanai na irin wannan, "kwatsam." Wannan, duk da haka, ba abin mamaki bane.

Ta yaya shi duka ya fara

A cikin marigayi 70s duk saman management da Tarayyar Soviet Air Force nuna a kan jirgin sama dabarun domin cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Tuni a shekarar 1981, da shirin da aka kaddamar, manufar ita ce samar da "sabon jirgin saman soja ga '90s." Babban zane ofishin nada Mikoyan. Amma shugabancin Sukhoi aikin gaza shawo kan hukumomi da cewa data kasance Su-27 shi ne mai ban sha'awa harsashin zamani, da kuma ya kamata saboda haka dole ci gaba data kasance inji maimakon "harkokin cikin dabaran".

Kamar a lokacin Shugaba na CB ya zama MP Simonov, wanda duk da haka ya yanke shawarar bari tsare-tsaren zamanintar da ta miƙa zuwa haifar da wani abu da gaske sabon. Wannan shi ne sun fi mayar saboda gaskiyar cewa designers gaske ya so ya gwada wani yawan sha'awa ra'ayoyi, ba tare da hadarin "ƙona" a kan kasa aiki: idan na gazawar za a iya dangana ga duk newness. Duk da haka, ko da to, babu shakka cewa, wadannan aukuwa za ta zama musamman muhimmanci a cikin wani akwati, a kalla daga kimiyya da aikin injiniya bisa.

Me ya sa ka zabi "ba daidai ba" reshe?

Saboda haka, don me ne soma Su-47 "Berkut" ya reshe forwardswept? Idan aka kwatanta da na al'ada kayayyaki, shi yana da yawan gagarumin abũbuwan amfãni:

• Excellent aerodynamics, ko da a low gudu, wannan amfani za a iya gani nan da nan.
• Kwarai buoyancy, m ga waɗanda na classic kayayyaki na fuka-fuki.
• Inganta handling halaye a lokacin takeoff da saukowa.
• Muhimmanci kasa m don zuwa "makafi" tailspin.
• Beautiful jeri - kamar yadda load-hali abubuwa da reshe tafi wajen wutsiya, a cikin tsakiyar daki da aka saki yawa sarari ga m tsari na ammonium.

tsarin matsaloli

Duk na sama ne a rubuce yiwu ya halicci gaske cikakken jirgin saman soja. Amma idan ya haka da kyau, duniya sojojin zai yi tsawo tun kaisu a kan wannan jirgin sama. Gaskiyar cewa dole mu shirya hadaddun zane kalubale a samar da wadannan inji:

• A na roba bambanta rarrabuwar na reshe. Kawai sa, shi ne kawai juya a wasu gudu. Wannan sabon abu, ta hanyar, gamuwa da a Nazi Jamus, inda akwai yunkurin haifar da irin wannan jirgin sama. Da ma'ana bayani ya ƙara da rigidity zuwa iyakar.
• Sharply ya karu da nauyin da jirgin sama. Lokacin da reshe na samuwa kayan yayin da shi samun nauyi sosai.
• Kara a ja coefficient. A takamaiman sanyi na da reshe take kaiwa zuwa wani karuwa a juriya yanki da dukan da sakamakon.
• Karfi da son zuciya da nata irin mayar da hankali, wanda kusan gusar da manual piloting a yawa yanayi: shakka bukatar wani "mai kaifin" lantarki don daidaita.

Designers ya mai yawa gumi don warware wadannan matsaloli, don haka da cewa Su-47 "Berkut" iya kullum tashi.

Babban fasaha mafita

Isa ga sauri ƙayyade da babban fasaha mafita. Don cimma da ake so taurin, amma wannan ba ya obalodi tsarin, da reshe yanke shawarar yin matsakaicin yiwu amfani da carbon fiber. Inda zai yiwu, mu waive wani karfe. Amma sai ya juya waje cewa duk abin da samar a cikin Tarayyar Soviet jirgin sama injuna iya ba da ake bukata dirka, sabili da haka da aikin da aka dan lokaci ragae down.

C-37, na farko preimage

Ga halittawa daga cikin Su-47 (S-37) "Berkut" a kife a kan m sau. A ka'ida, da aikin kullum zai durkushe saboda girma da tattalin arziki matsaloli, amma ta shãmakace Navy shugabanci, wanda ya miƙa zuwa yin wannan jirgi m-tushen jirgin saman soja hangen zaman gaba. A farkon 90s, masu bincike koma zuwa ga jigo na da reshe a kan mayar da share, ta amfani da dukkan samuwa a lokacin da amfani. Tsananin magana, shi sa'an nan ya bayyana "Berkut" Su-47 aikin.

Nasarorin da zanen kaya da kuma injiniyoyi

A mafi muhimmanci rabo na designers iya amince ɗauka cewa halittar musamman da fasaha na Manufacturing dogon sassa na hadaddun kumshin kayan. Bugu da kari, shi gudanar ya cimma sosai high ainihin a cikin jirgin ruwan. A mafi tsawo ɓangare na jirgin sama Su-47 "Berkut", wani photo da za ka iya gani a cikin wannan labarin ne guda takwas mita a tsawon. Kawai sa, kadan cikakken bayani, dukkan su tare da mafi daidaituwa suna da alaka da juna, da cika fuska rage yawan kulle da kuma riveted gidajen abinci. Wannan ne mai matukar kyau tasiri duka biyu a kan rigidity da aerodynamics a ko'ina cikin jirgin sama.

Mass aikin jirgin sama na gabatowa 20 ton, kuma ba kasa da 14% ya hadaddun composites. Domin matsakaicin simplification na bayani ƙoƙarin kai serially samar da inji. Saboda haka, fitila, shasi yawan sauran tsarin abubuwa m mayar da su cikin Su-47 "Berkut" dama daga kasa "m" - SU-27.

By gaban gefen reshe gangara ne 20 °, da raya bango na darajar ne 37 °. A tushen ɓangare na musamman narke, kyale significantly rage ja coefficient an sanya. Kusan duk da reshe baki daukan up dukan mechanization. Duk ta zane - m composites, kuma kawai 10% da dama a kan karfe abun da ake sakawa kara a cimma bukata ƙarfi ne, kuma stiffness.

management

Kai tsaye a tarnaƙi daga cikin iska ci yana da dukkan-motsi kwance wutsiya, wanda yana da trapezoidal siffar. A wutsiya taro kuma an yi a kan wani share layout. Tsaye wutsiya ne sosai kama da cewa dukkan wannan Su-27, amma yawan yanki ne muhimmanci ya fi girma. Wannan aka samu ta hanyar yin gagarumin canje-canje a cikin tsarin: shi ne yin aiki da nagarta sosai, sabili da haka masu girma dabam fadi.

A gicciye-sashe na fuselage kusa da m waje da hukuma ne sosai "lashe" da kuma yadda smoothly as yiwu. The baka na qananan canje-canje da aka kusan gaba ɗaya aro daga Su-27. A ko dai gefen Matuka jirgin sanya sauki, unregulated iska intakes. A saman fuselage ma samuwa, amma matukin jirgi yana da ikon sarrafa su yankin, abin da koma karkashin m horar da, takeoff ko saukowa. Kamar yadda ka gani a cikin hoto, a kan sasanninta, nozzles da Su-47 "Berkut", da halaye na wanda muka duba yiwuwar, akwai kananan nodules ciki wanda radar ko wasu kayan aiki da za a iya sanya.

ikon shuka

Tun da kome mafi kasance ba dace, da injuna da aka sa a kan wani jirgin saman model turbofan D-30F11. Su, ba zato ba tsammani, an yi amfani da MiG-31. Suka tunkuɗa wannan mota ne a fili bai isa ba, amma da aka zaci cewa, a nan gaba za su iya ci gaba da karin high-karfin juyi da kuma tattali model. Duk da haka, ko da a takeoff nauyi 25,5 ton halaye na wadannan Motors sun fi m. A high tsawo jirgin gudun kai 2.2 dubu km / h, a cikin tẽku matakin, wannan adadi ya 1.5 dubu. Km / h. A iyakar kewayo - 3.3 kilomita dubu, "rufi" tsawo - 18 kilomita.

Kayan aiki da kuma makamai

Domin wasu dalilai, da real ɓangare na jirgin kayan aiki ne da aka sani sosai kadan. Za ka iya rightfully zaton cewa wani ɓangare na shi aka canjawa wuri zuwa Su-27. Kewayawa tsarin dauki amfani da samun real-lokaci data daga soja da tauraron dan adam. An sani cewa a jirgin sama wurin zama ejection aka kafa model K-36DM, kuma ya bambanta muhimmanci daga hankula samar model. Da cewa ya mayar da ake located a 30 ° zuwa kwance.

Wannan ya yi da matukan jirgi zai iya sauƙi matsawa babbar obalodi cewa ya faru a lokacin tsanani maneuvering a matsananci gudu. A cewar samuwa data, da sauran controls ake dauka kai tsaye daga sauran gida mayakan, kuma a matsayin "mai bayarwa" aka fi amfani da Su-27.

Tun lokacin da jirgin sama ne kawai gwaji, sai aka ba dauke da makamai a manufa (ko bayanai game da shi m). Amma duk da haka da reshe a kan hagu ambaliya a fili a bayyane wuri a karkashin atomatik igwa (akwai shaida cewa a cikin samfur na ta duk wannan sa), kuma a cikin tsakiyar ƙwanso yana da wani fili daki bam makamai. Masana kimiyya da kuma soja a daya murya ce cewa aikin da aka runtume na musamman gwada yawo halaye ne na irin wannan kayan, amma saboda wasu na musamman makamai sun ba kasance a kan jirgin da Su-47 "Berkut". Me rufe da aikin, wanda ya riga ya tabbatar da cewa wani quite alamar rahama?

Saboda abin da aikin da aka rufe?

Ya kamata a tuna cewa aiki gwaji na wannan samfur dade har zuwa tsakiyar 2000s. Aikin da aka rufe saboda shi ya asali shirya yin wani matukin jirgi. Duk kayan da cewa an tara a cikin shakka daga waɗannan ayyuka, lalle ne m. Global kuskure ne a yi tunanin cewa da shi shi ne karo na biyar-tsara jirgin saman soja. Su-47 "Berkut" - kawai ya samfur, amma muhimmiyar. Saboda haka, da muka riga san cewa tsakiyar bam bay shi ne kusan m zuwa cewa a kan latest PAK FA. Lalle ne, haƙĩƙa na karshe da ya bayyana ba ta hanyar kwatsam ... kawai soja san yadda wannan yawan fasaha ideas tare da jirgin sama za a yi amfani da a nan gaba. Za ka iya kawai tabbata cewa akwai zai zama mai yawa.

nan gaba masu yiwuwa

Duk da msar tambayar ƙulli daga cikin aikin, da model na Su-47 "Berkut" har yanzu yana sa mai tsanani muhawara a kan gida da kuma waje albarkatun: masana jayayya da cewa akwai yiwuwa ga irin wannan inji. Dubu sau da ribobi da fursunoni na wannan dabara da aka tattauna. Kuma har yanzu akwai wani yarjejeniya game da abin da aka jiran irin wannan jirgin sama a nan gaba: ko don kammala gushewa, ko canja wurin duk BBC World a kan wani m dabara. Mutane da yawa sun yarda da cewa babban cikas ga irin wannan duniya canji ne ba na gaskiya ba tamanin da kayan da fasahar amfani da, a cikin halittar "Berkut".

Overall, da aikin ne wata ila don a dauke nasara. Ko da yake Su-47 "Berkut" kuma shi ne wanda ya riga (ko da yake za ka taba sani ba) latest mayakan, tare da matsala na "fari linzamin kwamfuta", ya jimre brilliantly. Saboda haka, a kan shi sun gudu-a dama da sabon aukuwa, duk wanda har yanzu classified. Zai yiwu, a cikin ci gaban da kayan da kuma rage kudin da aiwatar da samar da wasu hadaddun polymers, za mu sake ganin wannan kyau jirgin sama a sararin sama, da gaske reminiscent na falalar tsuntsu na ganima.