Suzdal, Pokrovsky sufi: tarihi, description, ban sha'awa facts

Far fiye da kan iyakoki na kasar mu ne domin ta shahara wuraren tarihi tsoho Rasha birnin Suzdal. Kowane tunawa, located a kan ƙasa, ba tare da ƙari a kira wani fitacciyar ba kawai na Rasha amma kuma duniyar gine.

Yau muna son kiran ku a kan wani mai rumfa yawon shakatawa zuwa Suzdal. Pokrovsky sufi ne na babban sha'awa ga masu yawon shakatawa, kuma haka za mu ziyarci sufi.

wuri

The sufi da aka located a kan bankunan na picturesque Kamenka River, wanda daukawa ruwanta tare Suzdal. White gine-gine, located a kan wani makiyaya, a haɗe zuwa sufi wasu ba na gaskiya ba, ba dama ra'ayoyi. Kuma lalle ne, haƙĩƙa Kamenka - kogi ne da kyau sosai, musamman a cikin watan Yuni, a lokacin da an rufe tare da flowering ruwa furannin bi-rana. Muna sanar da dukkan wadanda suke shirin ziyarci Pokrovsky sufi (Suzdal) Convent adireshin: ul. Cẽto, 76.

A tarihin sufi

A ganuwar da wannan tsoho ginin da yake riƙe da yawa asiri da ban sha'awa facts, wanda har yanzu janye babban sha'awa tsakanin masana tarihi da masu bincike. Gaskiyar cewa Pokrovsky sufi da aka mazauni ba a cikin saba ma'anarta: shi ne bauta wa wani rai mahada mata daga cikin manya aji. Sau da yawa da suka ba su kore shi a nan ga wasu kabari zunubanku, amma kawai domin wani ya rabu da su. Tilasta nuns whiled tafi ragowar rãyukansu a cikin itace Kwayoyin, su ƙaddara aka shãfe haske, don haka sufi da aka wani boye crypt, inda ya gama a duniya ba shakka abin takaici ne.

An yi imani da cewa su bayyanar Mai Tsarki Virgin sufi (Suzdal) ake bukata mu'ujiza. Kamar yadda tsoho labari, Prince Andrew K. koma garinsu Nizhny Novgorod, lokacin da iskar unprecedented karfi. Prince sha alwashin cewa idan ya tsira, to, ku tabbata, don gina a garinsu zuhudu makõmarsu. Yana dole ne a zaci cewa tafiya aka kammala a amince, tun 1364 ya fara gina Ceto sufi (Suzdal) a cikin m banki na Kamenka River. A tarihin sufi da aka lasafta da 1364.

Zenith St. Pokrovsky sufi (Suzdal) kai a zamanin mulkin Vasily III. Ya bayar da sufi, a farkon XVI karni, babbar yawa kudi da aka yi amfani da shiri na hada ya kunshi Mai Tsarki Gates da kuma St. Basil Cathedral, kuma ba kiyaye fences da Kwayoyin.

m Nun

Daya daga cikin na farko sananne mace fursunoni sufi zama matar Vasily III Solomonia Saburova - Grand Duchess. A 1525 Vasily III ya zargi matarsa, da wanda ya rayu shekaru ashirin a rasa haihuwa. Ya tilasta ta yi barazanar matsayin Nun, da ya aiko a Pokrovsky sufi. A waɗannan kwanaki, saki ya abar ƙyãma na, kuma su sami daga ecclesiastical hukuma izni zuwa wani aure, Vasily III allocates babbar kudi ga ci gaban da sufi.

Duk da haka, shi nan da nan ya bayyana cewa Basil III zargin rashin haihuwa sun kasance a banza. Yana da aka watanni da dama bayan da alkawuransu, kuma Sulemanu kuma yana da ɗa, amma saboda tsoron da dabarunsa na sabon matar tsohon mijinta Eleny Glinskoy (nan gaba uwar Ivan da Munin), ta tilasta bayar da rahoton yarima ta mutuwa.

Akwai ka'idar cewa Sulemanu ya aika da jariri da Crimean Khan, wanda daga baya taka rawar gani a tarihi, ya zama shahararren kamar ɓarawo Kudeyar. Bayan da alkawuransu Solomonia Sofia samu sunan da coci da aka canonized a matsayin St. bayan mutuwar Sofiya Suzdalskaya. Daga baya, shi an gani kamar ya zama majiɓinci na Suzdal.

A m tarihi na sufi

A 1551, lokacin da shekaru 'yar mutu Ivana Groznogo, ganewa coci da aka sake gina ta da umurninsa, wanda ya maye gurbin da dilapidated da lokaci da katako, tsarin (XIV karni). Apse shi aka kara yawa daga baya (XVII karni.). Kusan lokaci guda a cikin sufi akwai bukka da kuma ci gaba yi da shinge, wanda aka fara a XVI karni.

Suzdal, Pokrovsky sufi a XX karni

Kamar mafi yawan daga cikin wuraren ibada a Rasha, da sufi da aka rufe da wawushe a shekarar 1923. Tun shekara ta 1933, akwai wani nazarin halittu yaƙi dakin gwaje-gwaje, Ofishin Special Nufa GPU - wani shiri a cikin abin da fursunoni aiki. Wadannan da aka samu kwararru na daban-daban fannoni. Dukan su suna tsunduma a cikin ci gaban da nazarin halittu makamai. A 1935, fursunoni B. Ya. Elbert kuma NA Gai halitta a nan wani maganin da tularemia. Laboratory yi aiki a kan sufi har 1936.

A sittin karni na karshe a cikin zuhudu gine-gine da aka za'ayi maido aiki, da kuma daga baya suka gidan kayan gargajiya nune-nunen. A cikin marigayi eighties aka located yawon shakatawa hadaddun, wanda wani gidan cin abinci da kuma mashaya, a cikin m Cathedral na Ceto kasance wani shagali zauren. Akwai ko bayyana wani hotel domin yawon bude ido, amma za mu gaya game da shi daga baya.

A cikin nineties, da canje-canje faruwa a kasar, ya shafa birnin Suzdal. Pokrovsky sufi, a 1992, an mayar da coci, shi ya farfado a ikon zuhudu rayuwa. A yau shi ne wani aiki sufi. Ya rike babban coci, outbuildings, gina almshouses, bukka-Kwayoyin.

architecture

A farko gine-gine na sufi sun katako. Yau za mu iya ganin karin 'yan gine-gine, wanda masana sanyã wa XVI karni. White dutse ganuwar, m gine cewa hadawa da kuma tsohon Rasha da kuma kasashen yammacin abubuwa, mai ladabi kayan ado.

Amma, ba shakka, da tsakiyar tunawa da wannan m gungu ne Pokrovsky Cathedral Pokrovsky sufi a Suzdal. Yana da aka gina a 1518 a kan site na katako coci. Abin baƙin ciki, sunayen da Masters da aka ba sa a cikin tarihi. Wannan shi ne m hudu-al'amudin tsarin da ciwon high tushe da kuma kewaye da wata biyu-storey bude gallery a kan uku tarnaƙi, to abin da suke biyu yake rufe mataki.

Daga cikin kogin don ginin adjoins da Wuri Mai Tsarki high windows dake a cikin zurfin recesses. Apse rabu santsi ginshikan da qawatawa cornice sassaka finely patterned. An maimaita ta a cikin zane na haske ganguna, crowning cupola kwalkwali. Ganuwar babban coci, zuwa kashi uku ruwan wukake. Sun kammala keel zakomars.

A ciki na babban coci ne quite m: a kan fararen ganuwar ba su da wani gargajiya zanen, black tiled benaye. Babban ado na ciki ko da yaushe kasance kwazazzabo gumaka da dadi m kõre da mai walƙiya. Wasu daga cikin wadannan abubuwa za a iya gani a yau a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya na sufi. Cathedral aka gina da yawa sau a cikin dogon tarihi, amma ta asali bayyanar aka mayar a 1962.

ban sha'awa facts

1. A babban coci zama binne wuri saboda mutane da yawa sananne nuns na sufi.
2. Sufi da kuma coci a lokacin bikin na tercentenary na Romanov daular ziyarci Nikolai II.
3. A cikin bazara na shekarar 1994 da Akbishop na Suzdal da Vladimirskiy Evlogy tsarkake Cathedral na Ceto na Virgin. A 'yan shekarun baya, wani sabon The hudu-iconostasis aka shigar a nan, wanda aka yi wa ado da gumaka, wanda ya rubuta da nuns.

belfry

Wannan tsarin nan da nan ga duk wanda ya zo a cikin Suzdal. Pokrovsky sufi yana da kyau sosai kararrawa hasumiya. An located arewa maso yammacin babban coci. Its ƙananan sashi ba shi da stolpoobraznaya coci gina a 1515. Yana da aka octagonal, shugaba tare da wani cupola. A cikin rabi na biyu na karni XVII a kan coci da aka gina a kan arched bene, wanda a hade tare tsaye kusa da wani shinge, da kuma wani babban tanti, wa ado da uku layuka na dormer windows a cikin firam.

An rufe gallery cudanya da kararrawa hasumiyar babban coci, halin da ladabi kayan ado: biyu asali archways ennobled rustication da windows firam tare da m casings raba rusticated pilasters.

mai tsarki da ƙõfõfi

Wani tsoho abin tunawa daga cikin sufi ne Ruhu Mai Gate da Gate Church. Wadannan Tsarin ma da lãbãri a 1515. Gates ne na musamman, na farko, na aikinsu: sun kasance biyu a coci da kuma mai iko sansanin soja hasumiya.

Treglavaya coci da aka located a saman quadrangle, wanda aka yanke ta biyu arched takware, da kuma sauran abun da ke ciki ne sosai kama da shaci na Pokrovsky Cathedral. A cikin sasanninta na coci akwai biyu karamin ɗakin sujada, wanda aka lashe tare da haske ganguna kwalkwali-domes, da kuma tsakiya, mafi m drum da kunkuntar windows dogara a kan biyu tiers zakomar.

The m ganuwar suna yi wa ado da nagartaccen kayan ado da yayi kama woodcarving. Gate Church, ma, akai-akai gina, amma a shekarar 1958, da sake gyara aikin yi a kan aikin AD Varganova, koma zuwa ga asali bayyanar da musamman tunawa.

Trapeznaya Pokrovsky Convent (Suzdal)

Wannan ginin, dake arewa na Pokrovsky Cathedral, yana da mafi in kowa da Poland fiye da da Rasha gine. Yana da aka gina a 1551. By da m nau'i na biyu-labarin ginin m cin abinci dakin ne quite kananan ganewa coci, wanda za a iya gano ta a kananan cupola. M vaults refectory zauren, located a hawa na biyu, tallafawa al'amudi, a tsaye, a tsakiyar.

Benen kasa da aka kasaftawa zuwa kasuwanci gabatarwa. The kawai ado na wannan gini za a iya kira ado a cikin nau'i na lozenges na ja bulo, da ambulan a kusa da ginin kewaye. A gefen yamma, akwai wani kyakkyawan belfry.

Refectory a Pokrovsky sufi (Suzdal) amfani da za a kewaye su da dama outbuildings. Single-storey bukka, wanda aka yi amfani da dafa abinci, da aka gina a cikin XVII karni. Yau an mayar da shi ne a rare misali na zuhudu gine.

Littafi bukka

A kudancin sufi da aka kiyaye su abin tunawa daga Rasha yakin gine - aukacin bukka. Its ciki farko na XVIII karni, an mayar da shekarar 1970. A cikin kogo na gini ne da ake kira dutse jakar. Yana dauke da fursuna makõmarsu.

shinge

The sosai farko shinge na dutse sufi da aka gina da baya a XVI karni, kuma daga baya aka kerata sau da dama, da kuma a cikin XX karni AD Varganov shi mayar. A mãkirci ne wani tsohon shinge da wani tanti hasumiya, bã tãre da ado, shi nasa ne da XVII karni. An located a arewacin yankin da kuma siffofin da kananan kamfanoni masu zaman baranda. Tower (XVIII karni), ado da hemispherical domes, sosai picturesque. Masana sun yi imani da cewa, watakila, a cikin farkon su shi ma yana da canopied.

Hotel "Cẽto"

Rasha da kuma kasashen waje yawon bude ido sha'awan da tsoho Suzdal. Pokrovsky sufi kunshe a cikin shirin na kusan dukan balaguro din. Mutane da yawa matafiya yi mamaki cewa a ƙofar sufi da suka gani m katako gidaje.

The abu ne cewa, kõfatansu a kan duwatsu lokacin perestroika a cikin sufi da aka located hotel "Cẽto" shi ne wani stylized gida. Suna kaunar su daina waje yawon bude ido. A 2008 da hotel daina ta aiki, da kuma masu ba da sufi gidaje. Yanzu a nan shi ne marayun 'yan mata, kazalika da zuhudu Kwayoyin.