The al'adu na zamani da sau: matsalar periodization, halayyar, rarrabe siffofin

Human al'adu ne m, watakila, tare da m m teku. A ta zurfafa suna ɓõyẽwa, daga m taskõkin tunani, musamman Masterpieces na music da kuma zanen, gine da cinema, da kimiyya da fasaha, babban Gwargwadon binciken , kuma haka yafi da cewa ya bayyana mu na ruhaniya bayyanar yau. Yan adam a cikin rayuwa san da yawa wayewar bar wani gagarumin bugu a kan rabo daga cikin yara, ko sunk zuwa abu wulakantacce ba tare da wata alama. Duk lokacin da gabatar da su heroes, wurin shugabanninsu na ruhaniya, kuma yana da musamman halaye.

A wurin da Dark Ages zo da wani m zamanin, wadda ake kira da New lokaci. A al'ada na zamani sau ya zama da matukar a cikin tarihi na kakanninmu, kuma a cikin da yawa hanyoyi m yanzu rugujewar events.

matsaloli na periodization

A ra'ayi na "New Age" ne wajen sabani da m. Saboda shi ya hada da ba wai kawai da takamaiman lokaci-frame, amma kuma wani sabon matakin na tunani, wani sabon ra'ayi na duniya, da fa] a] al'adu da ilimi sarari. sabon lokaci al'ada dogara ne a kan akida na Renaissance tausaya wajama'a. Sũ ne waɗanda suka samo asali da ra'ayin su raba mutum tarihi a zamanin da, na tsakiya da kuma sabon lokaci. A matsayin batu na reference a matsayin dalilin da periodization na su dauki sama da manufa na bidi'a a cikin al'adu Sphere, kuma ba kawai a cikin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Na bayyana wannan dabarar ne quite sauki: bayan binge Inquisition, da zalunci da kimiyya, da dominance na Church a duk duniyoyin da jama'a da kuma masu zaman kansu rayuwa Revival tare da m ra'ayoyi da farko harbe na dimokuradiyya, da manufa na wani jitu mutum karuwa daga kimiyya tunani, da samu da kuma ci gaban sabon ƙasashe gane ilimi mutane kamar yadda mai bada rai-numfashin na sabo ne iska. Kuma da al'adu na zamani da sau cikakken bi da wannan akida. Amma ba duk kasashen da wanzu a lokacin, sun kasance a wannan matakin na al'adu da kuma ci gaban tattalin arziki, ba dukan mutane kasance daidai da m. Kuma a cikin sosai Yammacin Turai, tare da sanarwa na humanism da haske, da canji, wani lokacin jefar da a shekarun da suka wuce a cikin gobara na Inquisition, mayya show gwaji, da dai sauransu A Rasha ta wadãta serfdom. Notre Dame de Paris a kasar Faransa, kazalika da m Roman Gyugo, ya zama daya daga cikin haruffa ne sosai muhimmanci, wannan lokaci don yin tunãni, a hannu daya, high nasara, jirgin na m tunani da kuma ruhu, da kuma a kan sauran - ya tsoron ba a sani ba, da ba a sani ba, kuma slavish dabiu rai. Duk da haka, sabon zamanin lokaci ya tabbatar da cewa shi ne tare da zuwan Turai shi ne ba kawai siyasa, amma kuma ta ruhaniya cibiyar na duniya da kuma gudamawar ta ilimi, siyasa da kuma fasaha tasiri a kan sauran kasashe da mutanen. Al'adun Turai ya zama mafi m da kuma iko a lokacin.

A tsarar masana kimiyya, babu yarjejeniya a kan tambayar da periodization.

• Wasu masana tarihi bayar da shawarar for farkon wani zamanin dauki cikin Turanci juyin juya halin 1640 shekara, lokacin da mutane da kuma bourgeoisie karkashin jagorancin Cromwell infringed ba kawai da ikon amma kuma da rayuwar da monarch, sarki kisa Karla Styuarta.
• Ga wasu, da zamanin da al'adu na zamani da sau fiye da saduwa irin wannan batu na reference, a matsayin canji a 1517, da shekara da kuma ayyuka na Luther.
• Na uku kungiyar masana kimiyya a matsayin uwar kira da kwanan wata na gano Amirka, Ottoman kama da Byzantine babban birnin kasar na Konstantinoful, Faransa juyin juya halin a 1789, da shekara.
• A karshen sabon zamanin da zuwan da zamani tarihi na Yammacin historiography ake kira da kammala yakin duniya na farko, da kuma a Soviet kimiyya aka dauke shekara ta sha bakwai, da kuma yunkuri na Bolsheviks.

New Era - wani sabon al'ada

The girma na zamanin da New Age suna da cikakken nuna a cikin ta m al'adu. Bugu da kari ga siyasa rabo na duniya, da yaƙe-yaƙe da kuma juyin juya hali, m al'adu na zamani da sau kẽwaye sabon aukuwa cewa sun zo a cikin Turai sani da kusa sani da rai na nahiyar Afrika da kuma India, tare da asalin falsafar, aka gano Amirka da kuma rayuwa, al'ada, mythology, ta 'yan asalin art mutane, kusa lamba tare da gabas da Muslim addini.

Arts a New Era aka ba sani a matsayin fun hutu daga harkokinmu (shafi tunanin mutum da kuma ta jiki), kazalika da mafi muhimmanci nau'i na m aiki. M search a wannan yanki ya kai ga halittar duniya art irin styles matsayin m Baroque tare da waje effects, da kuma stylized tsufa, m classicism da ya saba daukakan da dalilin da kowa hankali, sentimentality, bikin zuciya magabaci ji na rationalism, hakikanci da kuma kusa da hankali ga mutum rai, kuma ta search for methane rubucen da kuma hambarar da, kuma a karshe, abin da ake kira decadent kwarara.

The sosai hali na epoch, tsauri da kuma ban mamaki, shi ya haifar da da dama styles da yayi cewa ba kawai maye gurbin juna, amma zamani da kuma ko da ya yi yaƙi kamar yadda a cikin aikin na daya master, kuma a cikin kamar yadda art makarantu. Babban abu ne cewa a tsakiyar shi duka wani mutum, mutumin. Ta hanyar da shi a matsayin ta Prism, gudanar da binciken lokaci da kuma nuna shi a cikin gine-gine, sassaka, zanen, da dai sauransu Kuma duk da al'adu da kuma m yayi na zamanin nuna gwagwarmaya na mutane domin tabbatar da adalci da kuma na ibada cancanci su zama a wani free al'umma.