The girma abu (yashi, tsakuwa): yi da kuma sayar da

Non-ƙarfe girma kayan suke da muhimmanci aka gyara a yi masana'antu. Sand, crushed dutse amfani a yi na kankare da karfafa kankare Tsarin, rokoki. Wadannan kayan ana amfani ga ƙasa magani, shiryawa, gyara shimfidar wuri ayyukansu. A hanya gini kufai a karkara aka yi amfani a matsayin roadbed underlayment Layer. Wasu iri tsakuwa ana amfani da refining adjoining yankunan.

Iri tsakuwa da yashi

All sako-sako da yi kayan ana classified bisa ga dama sharudda:

• asalin;
• physico-inji Properties (yawa, karko, sanyi juriya, ruwa fahimta).
• siffar da girman da hatsi.
• matakin radioactivity, gaban kwayoyin da inorganic impurities.

Nature asalin tsakuwa dogara da fara abu. Rarrabe kufai a karkara daga duwatsu, tama kufai a karkara, wanda aka sanya daga recyclable kayan da sakandare metallurgical samu ta hanyar crushing yi sharar gida (kankare, tubalin). Physico-inji Properties daga cikin kufai a karkara ne kai tsaye dogara a kan abu na ta asali. A mafi m abu, wadda ake bisa high ƙarfi kankara - resistant zuwa murdiya da kuma lalata da inji mataki. Hatsi size tsakuwa ne zuwa kashi da dama iri: korar yara (5 mm), matsakaici (5-25 mm) da kuma manyan (25-40 mm).

Sand asalin kasu kashi na halitta da kuma wucin gadi. Halitta free-qoramu kayan da aka samar a cikin ci gaban da yashi ko yashi da tsakuwa adibas. Dangane da abin da ya faru rarrabe teku, Kogin ko dutse da yashi. A farko iri biyu ne mafi taso hatsi da kasa abun ciki na impurities kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da kayan a quarries mined. yashi ne zuwa kashi manyan, matsakaici da kuma kananan cikin size katsin.

Production na halitta yashi

Production na halitta ba na ƙarfe ba girma kayan shafi dama, saukarwa:

• hako ma'adinai.
• aiki da kuma refining (idan da ake bukata).
• ajiya.

Kusan duk wani nau'i na girma kayan ana mined ta bude hanyar. Rami yashi ne mined da excavators ko bulldozers. A samar da dutsen yashi, saboda da manyan adadin impurities kuma granules na daban-daban size, shi na bukatar ƙarin aiki da abinci enrichment. Wannan tsari ya kunshi a wanka da kasawa daga cikin kayan. Domin samar da mafi karami sulusi da murabba'i amfani a yi gini garwayayye dangane da sumunti, yashi yiwu ƙarin nika nadi Huɗama. Halitta yashi yana nufin kayan yiwuwa ga caking, duk da haka a lokacin da samar da ne sau da yawa amfani hopper for girma abu - a na'urar a cikin nau'i na wani inverted truncated dala for rike da samar da particulate abu.

River yashi ne mined hydro hanya a kududdufai. Baji tare da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa farashinsa pumped raw kayan daga kasa na kogin a cikin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa nawa juji a banki. Ruwa yana gangarowa da baya a cikin kõgi, kuma yashi ya zauna a cikin tsibin. A ma m kasa surface bugu da žari amfani da guga lif.

Production na wucin gadi yashi

A Gwargwadon wuri na adibas na halitta yashi unevenly, wanda zai iya haifar da wani rashi na wannan abu a cikin wasu yankuna. Production na wucin gadi yashi bayar sun fi mayar da warware wannan matsala ta samar da zama dole bukatun. Artificial particulate abu samar da crushing wuya kankara da sauran albarkatun kasa kafofin. Dangane da asalin da kayan ne da wadannan iri na wucin gadi yashi:

• Niƙa. Amfani a acidic da kuma na ado qagaggun. Samar da crushing marmara, diabase, basalt ko m metallurgical slags.
• Light yashi, Organic da inorganic. The girma kayan da aka samu daga pumice, scoria, tuff, aikin gona da kuma itace sharar gida.
• Sedimentary Sands - sakamakon nika farar ƙasa.
• Kumbura lãka yashi samu ta hanyar crushing rawa keramzite - thermally insulating abu, a filler for hur kankare kuma turmi.
• Porous yashi daga slag.

samar da murƙushe dutse

Raw Materials for samar da murƙushe dutse samar a opencast quarries daban-daban kankara. Dangane da halaye na ajiya da kuma mined dutse aka zaba hanya na tafki ci gaba. Domin da wuya musamman dutse yi na farko ayukan iska mai ƙarfi. A pre-fadi na sukar rijiyoyin da cajin da aka aza. Fashewa da dutse karya cikin guda da cewa an samu domin kara aiki.

A cirewa albarkatun kasa kawota zuwa nika wanda yana da za'ayi na iri daban-daban crushers (yi, muƙamuƙi crushers, tasiri, mazugi). Selection na technics aka sanya dangane da irin karshe samfurin. Bayan crushing, a shirye su kufai a karkara zo don kasawa. Hanyar tantance abu ne zuwa kashi kasarun adadi bisa ga hatsi size. Girkawar ne babban mahara sieves tare da ramukan na daban-daban diameters. The karami sulusi da murabba'i wuce duk matakan da fuska, ya magance a cikin sump. Da kasawa da tsari a kan niƙa dutse sulusi da murabba'i iya wanke cire impurities lãka.

The main iri tsakuwa kankara

Akwai fairly babban rukuni na wadannan kayan, amma daga gare su, mafi a bukatar wadannan:

• Dutse - mafi m kufai a karkara na magmatic asalin. Yana dogara ne a kan - ma'adini, Mica da feldspar. Mafi na kowa launuka - ja, ruwan hoda, launin toka. Saboda ta asali, da zabi na wannan abu, musamman hankali ya kamata a ba da takardun shaida na radioactivity. Saboda jiki da kuma inji Properties, mafi mashahuri nau'i na juji.
• Tsakuwa. Dalili na wannan abu dutse kankara. Nuna irin wannan kufai a karkara a cikin hanyoyi biyu - crushing rawa (murƙushe tsakuwa) da kuma nunawa na kogin ko teku ƙasa (taso tsakuwa). A kan ƙarfi daga dutse ne da ya fi na baya amma mai rahusa low bango radiation.
• Quartzite. The girma abu na ma'adini da dutsen tsarin. Tsayin ba na baya zuwa dutse, amma yana da kadan bango radiation. Godiya ga asali tsarin da m colorings Popular a Popular.
• Farar ƙasa. Samar da crushing sedimentary kankara. A kan ƙarfi baya ga duk sauran iri tarkace. Dalili na dolomite da lemun tsami. M bambancin - low price.

Areas na aikace-aikace na girma kayan

Kewayon aikace-aikace na ba na ƙarfe ba girma kayan su ne musamman manyan, rufe kusan duk matakai na yi, kuma da isasshen bukatar a sauran iri aiki:

• Shiri na kankare na daban-daban brands.
• Production na kankare kayayyakin.
• Road yi.
• Inji Railways, runways.
• Landscaping.
• Dabbobi.
• Inji m Layer a garin kankara hanya saman.

Sufuri na girma kayan

Safarar girma kayan da dogo (dogon nesa), hanya da kuma kogin kai. Domin dogo kai mafi dace gondola motoci da manyan motoci, juji motoci - Special bude kekunan shanun da atomatik sallama da tipping. Ga harkokin sufuri na yashi da tsakuwa hanya juji manyan motoci ne mafi dace. Bayarwa na girma kayan da kogin Bartmann-Wulf - mafi arha kai zaɓi, amma shi ne ya dace kawai a yanayin saukan a kusa waterways wuri. A cikin karusa ba da shawarar a kan hanya zuwa wurin da bayarwa ga zuba wadannan kayan a wasu motocin domin kauce wa asarar.

Storage da sayarwa

Bayan hakar kuma, idan ake bukata, yashi tsakuwa enrichment a cikin tsari wanda yake ganin mabukaci aika zuwa sito. Kowane irin da fractional abun da ke ciki na girma kayan adana dabam. Storage yankunan ya zama da santsi, da suka kamata ba tara ruwan sama. Idan dole, yin ƙarin kariya daga ruwan karkashin kasa. A cikin hunturu, da kayan aka barrantar da dusar ƙanƙara da kankara.

Samar da ba na ƙarfe ba kayan daga ajiya mafi sau da yawa ta hanya. A ware su ne manyan kamfanonin da zaman kansa reshe Lines. Domin amintacce kuma m kaya na kayan zuwa karshe mabukaci ajiya yankin sanye take da m damar hanyoyi. Yawancin lokaci shirya unilateral zobe zirga-zirga. Domin sauki loading kuma su hana caking used silo ga girma kayan. Domin Artificial lighting aka bayar da dare.