The main iri sinadaran shaidu: me ya sa da kuma yadda aka kafa

Dokokin cewa zama da abu na dogon lokaci kasance wani kasa warwaruwa asiri ga mutum. A gargajiya ka'idar atomic shaidu da aka miƙa quite marigayi - a 1916. Tun daga nan, masana kimiyya 'ideas sun samo asali. A ka'ida, kome sabon tun sa'an nan ya ba buɗe, da kuma tattare da sunadarai shaidu yanzu sani kowane dalibi, wanda a kalla yayi kokarin koyi. Domin wannan ilmi da wasu daga cikin na da masana kimiyya sun sayar da rãyukansu da.

Saboda haka, akwai babban tattare da sunadarai shaidu da wani ƙarin kira rauni interactions. Wani lokaci su duk da haka, ya zama da muhimmanci, msl, a cikin samuwar na gina jiki tsari. The main iri sinadaran shaidu sun hada da covalent da ionic kuma ko da karfe.

Bari mu fara da covalent. Shi ne a gare su, Gilbert Lewis kuma miƙa farko na gargajiya ka'idar da sinadaran bond. Mene ne ra'ayin cewa masanin kimiyyar har yanzu Topical? A covalent bond aka kafa domin a mamaye form a cikin tsarin na atoms an samu ƙasa da makamashi fiye da singly kwayoyin halitta. Kuma wannan shi ne muhimmin a cikin sunadarai. Kowane tsarin da nufin rabu da matsakaicin adadin da makamashi. A lokacin da samuwar da covalent bond, kowane daga cikin hada kwayoyin halitta na taimaka wa halittar connection. Saboda haka, na waje lantarki matakin da aka cika, da barbashi tare da wani mummunan cajin wuce "in general amfani."

Tattare da sunadarai shaidu kasu kashi subtypes. Alal misali, a covalent bond ne sau da yawa wadanda ba na iyakacin duniya - misali, tsakanin kwayoyin halitta na wannan sinadari. Kamar wancan kafa gas kwayoyin kamar nitrogen, sunadarin flourine, hydrogen. Electron biyu "na kowa ikon mallakar" ne geometrically a kusa da tsakiyar. Ko da yake yana da wuya a ce, saboda karatu sun nuna cewa electron hanya ne kusan ba zai yiwu a hango ko hasashen.

Wani abu - da shaidu tsakanin kwayoyin halitta na daban-daban sinadaran abubuwa. Alal misali, a cikin alaka tsakanin sunadarin flourine da hydrogen atoms kowa tururi ne spatially kusa da daya daga cikin kwayoyin halitta, wato - to sunadarin flourine. Wannan dangantaka ne da iyakacin duniya sunan.

Amma kwayoyin halitta ba ko da yaushe "gaskiya taimaka daidai to" da samuwar ajiya. Yana kuma ya faru da cewa daya daga cikin kwayoyin halitta kai tsaye samar biyu electrons, da kuma na biyu - kewayewa ga cewa biyu wanda ya wuce a cikin general amfani. Yadda suna da yanayin wannan connection? Bayarwa-Mai karɓar nau'in sadarwa. A ammonium ion iya zama mai kyau misali. Uku hydrogen atoms suna da hannu a al'ada iyakacin duniya covalent shaidu, da kuma sauran free biyu daga electrons da nitrogen iya daukar kwayar cutar a cikin shared amfani da wani hydrogen zarra. Duk da haka, irin wannan mahada an dauki wani covalent, saboda wuraren ƙãra electron yawa tsakanin kwayoyin halitta ne.

Abin da sauran iri sinadaran shaidu zama? Ionic bond wanzu tsakanin barbashi da ciwon daban-daban cajin. A karfi na janye abubuwa na wannan dangantaka dogara kawai da nisa da ya raba su, kuma a cikin fuskantarwa - m. Inda akwai irin wannan links? Da farko, a cikin crystalline kayan - alkalis, carbides, salts, nitrides, asali oxides. Idan cation da anion ne irin wannan a size, dangane ne musamman barga. Wasu chemists ayan zaton wannan irin dangane da wani matsananci hali na wani iyakacin duniya covalent bond. Amma yana da wani moot batu, saboda electron yawa ne har yanzu ba quite kusa da barnatar da cajin cation.

A ƙarfe bond ne yawanci yawa daban-daban daga sauran iri sinadaran shaidu. Tun da shi ne ba kawai na musamman chemically amma jiki peculiar sabon abu. Gaskiyar cewa a cikin samuwar electrons da halartar sadarwa kwayoyin halitta. Kuma su directional motsi bayyana yiwuwar sosai conductive wutar lantarki a karafa. Saboda haka kowane zarra a cikin raga site taimaka wa bond.

Kamar yadda ta bayyana daga bayanin a sama, da iri da sunadarai shaidu suna bambanta daidai da manufa na samuwar.