The United States a farkon karni na 20th: siyasa, tattalin arziki da kuma jama'a

A alfijir na karni na ashirin, America da aka ba a jumhuriya, yakar domin su 'yanci da kuma rayuwa. Yana iya a halin kamar yadda daya daga cikin mafi girma da kuma mafi cigaban kasashe a duniya. External da ciki siyasa na Amurka a farkon karni na 20th aka dogara ne a kan so da kuma son kai a mafi m matsayi a duniya fagen fama. A jihar shirya don m da kuma hukunci ayyuka ga jagorancinsa ba kawai a cikin tattalin arziki amma kuma cikin siyasa.

Rantsuwa a 1901 ya kawo wani unelected kuma ƙarami shugaba - 43- shekaru Teodor Ruzvelt. Ya dawo a cikin fadar White House, ya zo daidai da farkon sabon zamanin, ba kawai a Amurka amma kuma a tarihin duniya, arziki a crises da kuma yaki.

A wannan labarin, za mu gaya game da peculiarities na ci gaba na Amurka a farkon karni na 20th, babban kwatance na cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje da manufofin, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa da ci gaban.

Gwamnatin Theodore Roosevelt: m siyasa

Roosevelt, a lokacin da rantsuwar shugabancin, ya bai wa mutane wata alkawarin cewa zai ci gaba da cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje da manufofin daidai da manufofin da ya gada, McKinley, wanda aka takaici kashe shi, ta hannun masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Ya zaci cewa maturing zaman juyayi game da amãnõninsu da monopolies da tushe, kuma mafi yawa m, da kuma bayyana shakku game da bukatar duk hane-hane hõre ta a jihar. Wata kila wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa muƙarrabai na shugaban kasar da aka kai na m hukumomi.

A m ci gaban tattalin arziki na Amurka a farkon karni na 20th, bi hanyar da na halitta gazawar kasuwar gasar, wanda ya jagoranci wani tabarbarewar da kananan da kuma matsakaici-sized kasuwanci. A damunsu da talakawa sa da girma da cin hanci da rashawa da kuma yaduwa na monopolies a cikin harkokin siyasa da kuma tattalin arzikin jihar. Theodore Roosevelt yi ta matuqar to neutralize da girma tashin hankali. Ya yi wannan ta m harin a kan cin hanci da rashawa a babban kasuwanci da kuma taimaka wa kawo ga adalci da mutum amãnõninsu da monopolies, qaddamar shari'a dangane da samu a 1890 da Sherman dokar. A analysis yi ga kamfanin samu kashe tare da tarar da reappeared karkashin sabon sunayen. Akwai wani flurry na zamani na Amurka. A farkon karni na 20th, jihohi sun riga dauka fasali na kamfanoni jari hujja a cikin classic form.

Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt shiga tarihi na Amurka a matsayin mafi m. Da manufofin da aka ba su iya kawar da duk wani rikici da kenkenewa da kuma kara da iko, da rinjayarwa, ba da ma'aikata 'motsi. Amma kasar waje ayyuka zamo farkon wata m fadada a cikin duniya fagen siyasa.

rawar da gwamnati a cikin tattalin arzikin da zamantakewa gami

Tattalin arzikin Amurka a cikin marigayi 19th da kuma farkon karni na 20th, ya ɗauki siffofin da wani classic kamfanoni jari hujja, a cikin abin da ba tare da wani hani fara da ayyukan giant amãnõninsu, monopolies. Su takura da na halitta kasuwar gasar kuma kusan hasãra da kanana da matsakaitan masana'antu. Soma a 1890, da Sherman dokar da aka positioned a matsayin "shatan na masana'antu da 'yanci", duk da haka, shi yana da iyaka sakamako da kuma sukan fassara inappropriately. Gwaji kungiya ta kashin daidaita zuwa monopolies, da kuma talakawa da ma'aikata yajin aka daukarsa a "hadin kai na rage free cinikayya."

A sakamakon da zamantakewa da ci gaban Amurka a farkon karni na 20th, shi ne a cikin shugabanci na zurfafa rashin daidaito (rabuwa) na kamfanin, da matsayin talakawa Amirkawa zama m. An girma damunsu da kamfanoni babban birnin kasar tsakanin manoma, ma'aikata, m masana. Su hukunta kenkenewa da kuma ganin su a matsayin barazana ga jindadin daga cikin talakawa. Duk wannan na taimaka wa antitrust motsi, tare da wani karin ayyuka na kwadago da akai gwagwarmayar da zamantakewa kariya na yawan jama'a.

Bukatun na "sabunta bayanan" na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki manufofin fara sauti ba kawai a tituna amma kuma a cikin jam'iyyun siyasa (Democratic kuma Republican). Fito a matsayin 'yan adawa, a hankali da suka kama zukatan hukuncin Elite, abin da kyakkyawan take kaiwa zuwa canje-canje a cikin gida da manufofin.

majalisu ayyukan

Amurka tattalin arziki a farkon karni na 20th, bukata tallafi na yanke wasu shawara da shugaban jihar. Dalili na da ake kira sabon kishin kasa ya zama wani da ake bukata na Theodore Roosevelt fadada iko na shugaban kasa, gwamnatin dauki kan iko da amãnõninsu, da ayyukan da manufar tsari da danniya da "wulãkanci play."

Aiwatar da wannan shirin, a {asar Amirka, a farkon karni na 20th ya inganta farko dokar shige a 1903 - "Ku yi aiki a ƙarin saurin da aikace-aikace da izini daga mai adalci fitina." Ya shar'anta matakan for expediting gwaji na anti-dõgara lokuta, wanda ake daukarsa a matsayin ciwon "babban jama'a muhimmancin" da "fifiko a kan sauran."

Next ya da wata doka a kan kafa na Ma'aikata na Amurka da kuma kasuwanci, a cikin da'irar wanda aiki ne ciki har da tarin bayanai a kan amãnõninsu da shawara "m aiki." Bukatunsu na "wasa mai adalci" Theodore Roosevelt, da kuma rarraba wa dangantakar da 'yan kasuwa da talakawa da ma'aikata, da yake magana ga m shiri na shawarwari tsakanin su, amma bukata a layi daya da ya rage mata US kungiyar kwadago aiki a farkon karni na 20th.

Za ka iya ji sau da yawa da ra'ayin cewa a karni na ashirin da gwamnatin Amurka ya zo sifili "kaya" na dangantakar kasa da kasa. Wannan gaskiya ne, domin har 1900 da Amurka da aka rayayye mayar da hankali a kansu. A kasar ba ta samu shiga a rikitarwa dangantaka na Turai iko, amma ga rayayye gudanar da fadada a cikin Philippines, Hawaii.

Dangantaka da 'yan asalin Indiyawan

Tarihi na 'yan asalin mazaunan nahiyar dangantakar da "fari" Amirkawa m cikin sharuddan yadda Amurka co-wanzu tare da sauran al'ummai. Yana da aka kome daga bude yin amfani da karfi don wayo muhawara barata da shi. A rabo daga cikin 'yan asalin mutane dogara kai tsaye a kan farar fatar Amirka ba. Isar da shi a tuna da cewa, a 1830 duk gabashin kabilan aka koma zuwa yamma banki na Mississippi, amma riga zaune filayen Indiyawan yanke, Cheyenne, Arapaho, Sioux, da kuma Blackfoot Kiowa. Gwamnatin Amirka Policy a cikin marigayi 19th da kuma farkon karni na 20th aka yi niyya ga taro na 'yan asalin mutane a cikin wani kaddamarda yankunan. Yana da aka maye gurbinsu da ra'ayin "domestication" irin na Indiyawan Daji da kuma su hadewa a cikin al'ummar {asar Amirka. Kawai a kan daya karni (1830-1930 gg.), Sun kasance a gwamnatin gwaji. Mutane na farko kwace ƙasar haihuwarsa, sa'an nan kasa sani.

Amurka ci gaba da farkon karni na 20th: The Panama Canal

A farkon karni na 20th ga Amurka da aka alama ta Tarurrukan na Washington ta sha'awa cikin da ra'ayin na Inter-Oceanic Canal. Wannan ya taimaka da nasara a cikin Spanish-American War da m kafa iko a kan Caribbean Sea da kuma duk Pacific yankin, m ga Latin American Coast. Theodore Roosevelt ya ba da ra'ayin gina wani canal gaske. Just a shekara kafin ya zama shugaban kasa, da ya yi magana a fili game da gaskiyar cewa "a gwagwarmayar keda daukaka a cikin teku, da kuma US kasuwanci kamata karfafa ikonta bayan sãsanninta, kuma a ce a kayyade da rabo daga kasashen yamma da kuma gabas da tekuna."

Wakilai na Panama (ba tukuna hukumance zama kamar wani zaman kanta a jihar) da kuma kasar Amurka a farkon karni na 20th, ko kuma wajen, sun rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya a watan Nuwamba 1903. A karkashin ta sharuddan, America samu a tutur haya 6 mil Isthmus of Panama. Bayan wata shida, da Colombian majalisar dattijai ya ki tabbatar da alkawari, ambatawa da cewa Faransa sun miƙa mafi m sharuddan. Wannan ya sa zãlunci; Roosevelt, kuma nan da nan a kasar, ba tare da goyon bayan {asar Amirka, da motsi na da 'yancin kai na Panama. A lokaci guda kashe bakin tekun na kasar tabbatar da zama da amfani sosai warship daga Amurka - wajen saka idanu da aukuwa. Bayan kamar 'yan sa'o'i bayan da furucin da' yancin kai na Panama America gane da sabuwar gwamnatin da kuma a cikin sama samu wani dogon-jiran yarjejeniya, wannan lokaci har abada haya. Official bude na Panama Canal ya faru a ranar 12 ga watan Yuni, 1920.

Tattalin arzikin Amurka ne a farkon karni na 20th: William Taft da Woodrow Wilson

Republican Uilyam Taft na dogon lokaci sun shagaltar da shari'a da kuma soja posts, wani aminin Roosevelt. A karshen, musamman, Ya taimake shi a matsayin magajinsa. Taft yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kasa daga 1909 zuwa 1913. Aikinsa da halin da kara karfafa rawar da jihar a cikin tattalin arzikin kasar.

Relations sun soured tsakanin shugabannin biyu, da kuma a 1912 suka yi yunkurin gudu domin zaben. Spraying na Republican zabe cikin cibiyoyi biyu ne suka kai ga nasarar da jam'iyyar Democrats Woodrow Wilson (hoton), wanda ya bar wani babban bugu a kan ci gaban da Amurka a farkon karni na 20th.

Ya aka dauke da m siyasa, ya jawabin rantsar da, sai ya fara da kalmomin "a ikon akwai wani canji." The "sabon mulkin demokra] iyya" Wilson ya dogara ne a kan uku ka'idodin: mutum 'yanci,' yanci na gasar da kuma individualism. Ya ayyana kansa maƙiyi daga cikin amãnõninsu da monopolies, amma ba a bukata don kawar da su, da kuma hira da kuma kau da duk hane-hane a kan ci gaban kasuwanci, yafi kananan da kuma matsakaici ta hanyar kauda matsalar "m gasar."

majalisu ayyukan

Domin aiwatar da shirin da aka soma da jadawalin kuɗin fito dokar na 1913, a kan tushen da abin da suka kasance cikakken duba aka za'ayi. Ciniki haraji saukar da tashe haraji a kan samun kudin shiga, iko da bankuna da kuma fadada shigo da damar.

Bugu da ari siyasa ci gaban da kasar Amurka a farkon karni na 20th aka alama da dama da sabon dokokin. Har ila yau a 1913, Tarayyar Reserve an halitta. Its manufarsa shine don sarrafa saki na banki da bayanin kula, banki bayanin kula, da kuma kafa na dacewa amfani bashin bankuna. Kungiyar hada da 12 National Reserve Bank of Game da kasa.

Ba tare da hankali da kuma sun bar fanni na zamantakewa da rikice-rikice. Soma a shekara ta 1914, da Clayton dokar kayyade rigima wording na dokokin Sherman, kazalika da hana ta yin amfani dangane da kwadago.

Progressive gyara lokaci ne kawai m matakai wajen Amurka karbuwa daga farkon karni na 20th zuwa sabon halin da ake ciki da cewa ya taso dangane da kasar canji a cikin wani iko sabon kamfanoni jari hujja jihar. The girma Trend ya faru bayan Amurka ta shiga yakin duniya. A 1917, dokar da iko da samar, man fetur da kuma albarkatun kasa. Ya kumbura hakkokin da shugaban kasa da kuma yarda da shi don samar da rundunar motoci da kuma sojoji, da dukan abin da ya cancanta, ciki har da a domin su hana hasashe.

A yakin duniya na farko: Amurka matsayi

Turai da Amurka a farkon karni na 20th, da kuma duniya ya tsaya a kan gãɓar rãmi na duniya duniya cataclysms. Juyin juya halin da kuma yaki, da rushewar dauloli, rikicen tattalin arziki - duk wannan zai iya ba amma zai shafi ciki halin da ake ciki a kasar. Kasashen Turai sun samu babbar rundunar, sõyayya a sau da sabanin da illogical kungiyoyin kare su kan iyakoki. A sakamakon halin da ake ciki ya zama siga barkewar yakin duniya na farko.

Wilson a farkon tashin sanya wata sanarwa da jama'a cewa Amurka dole ne "adana gaskiya ruhun neutrality" da kuma mai kirki yi wa duk yaki Tsohon soji. Ya san cewa kabilanci rikici iya halakar da Jamhuriyar daga cikin. Billed neutrality ya ma'ana da kuma ma'ana ga dalilai da dama. Turai da Amurka a farkon karni na 20th akwai a kwadago, da kuma wannan ya yarda da kasar da su zauna daga soja hargitsi. Bugu da kari, da shigarwa cikin yaki zai karfafa siyasa sansanin 'yan jam'iyyar Republican da kuma ba su da wani amfani a gaba zaben. To, shi ne quite wuya ka bayyana wa mutane me ya sa Amurka goyon bayan Entente, wanda ya samu halartar sarki gwamnatin Nicholas II.

Amurka shigarwa a cikin yaki

A ka'idar neutrality ya sosai tabbatacce, kuma m, amma a yi a tabbatar da cewa elusive. The aiki ya faru bayan Amurka gane da sojan ruwa kawancen na Jamus. Tun 1915, sojojin suka fara wani tsawo cewa ba hana American hannu a yaki. Wannan lokacin ya kawo mataki a Jamus a kan teku, da kuma mutuwar American jama'a na sunken jiragen ruwa na Ingila da Faransa. Bayan Shugaba Wilson barazanar zo a lull, wanda dade har Janairu 1917 sai ya fara wani cikakken sikelin yaki Jamus kotuna da duk wasu.

Tarihi na Amurka a farkon karni na 20th iya riƙi wani daban-daban hanya, amma biyu events faru wanda tura kasar don shiga cikin farko Duniya. Da fari dai, a cikin hannãyenku daga m samu da sakon waya, inda Jamus bude Mexico ya kai su kau da kai da kuma kai farmaki Amurka. Wannan shi ne irin wannan m, kasashen waje yaki ya kusa sosai, barazana da tsaro na 'yan kasarta. Abu na biyu, akwai wani juyin juya halin da a Rasha, kuma daga siyasa scene ya bar Nicholas II, wanda ya sanya shi yiwuwa tare da mun gwada lamiri shiga majiɓinta. A matsayi na masõya ba da mafi kyau, suka sha wahala babbar asarar da, a cikin tẽku ta Jamus submarines. Amurka shigarwa a cikin yaki da kuma taimaka wa canza hanya na events. Warshy sun rage yawan Jamus submarines. A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1918, da} awancen da makiya suka mika wuya.

Amurka mallaka

Active fadada daga cikin kasar ta fara a cikin marigayi 19th karni da kuma rufe Caribbean Atlantic Ocean tasa. Saboda haka, Amurka mazauna a farkon karni na 20th hada Guanovye Island, Hawaii. A karshen, musamman, da aka annexed a 1898, da kuma bayan shekaru biyu samu matsayi na kai-Hukumar ƙasa. Daga qarshe Hawaii ya zama 50 m asusu Amurka jihar.

Har ila yau a 1898 ya aka kama da Cuba, wanda ya hukumance koma Amurka bayan rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar da Paris tare da Spain. Tsibirin ya karkashin mamaye, samu m 'yancin kai a 1902,

Bugu da kari, yawan mazauna na kasar za a iya amince dangana Puerto Rico (tsibirin zabe a 2012 ya shiga cikin States), da Philippines (sami 'yancin kanta a shekarar 1946), da Panama Canal Zone, Masara da Virgin Islands.

Wannan shi ne kawai a takaice dai yawon shakatawa a cikin tarihi na USA. The biyu da rabi na karni na 20th, farkon na 21th karni, m bayanin za a iya halin a hanyoyi daban-daban. Duniya ba a tsaye har yanzu, ko da yaushe wani abu faruwa a shi. A yakin duniya na biyu bar mai zurfi alama a cikin tarihi na duniya, da m rikicen tattalin arziki da Cold War ba hanya zuwa narke. Bisa dukan duniya m rataye wani sabon barazana - ta'addanci, wanda ba shi da wani yankin da kuma na kasa frameworks.