Topography da kuma ilmin jikin mutum da kwanyar

Idan ka bincika mutum kwanyar, za mu iya ware ta fitar da babban aka gyara. Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura shi ne cewa wannan bangare na kwarangwal hada da gauraye lebur kuma pneumatic ƙasũsuwa. Kowane abun yana da ban sha'awa tsarin wuya, bukata musamman da hankali.

Janar haltta na shugaban kwarangwal

A topography na kwanyar don kimanta da bambancin da ta ayyuka: shi ne wani goyon baya ga abubuwa na farko airway (hanci kogo da bakinka), narkewa kamar fili. Bugu da ƙari, wannan ɓangare na kwarangwal abubuwa a matsayin matattarã ga hankula da kuma kwakwalwa.

Kokon za a iya raba biyu main sassan: fuska da kwakwalwa. A iyaka tsakanin su ne a sama baki daga cikin ido soket: ta haka tare da shi ya wuce ta fronto-zygomatic dinki. A sakamakon haka, rabuwar line zo zuwa saman da mastoid aiwatar da auditory canal orifice.

Hanya mafi kyau don nazarin daki-daki, tsarin da mutum shugaban - shi ne topography na ragargaje. A haltta na jiki sashi a cikin wannan hali ya zama yawa bayarda. Bayan duk, tare da raba nazarin ƙashi, yadda mai mulkin, zama a gefen daban-daban muhimmanci ilimi (ramukan da kuma tashoshi), a jamsin.

kwakwalwa sashen

A gaskiya ma, cikin rami na zagayayyen kwanya ne mai ci gaba da kashin baya canal. Wannan bangare na kwarangwal kunshi hudu unpaired ƙasũsuwa (occipital, sphenoid, frontal da ethmoid), kazalika da nau'i-nau'i biyu (na boko da kuma parietal).

Idan ka kula da kwakwalwa sashen, za mu iya ganin cewa yana da wani ovoid siffar da aka raba cikin tushe da kuma rufin (rufin). Rawar da da iyakoki tsakanin su taka cikin jirgin, wanda zai iya kawo daga waje tadawa na occipital kashi ga superciliary arches.

A tsarin da rufi da kuma tushe

Rufin kunshi da occipital, boko, parietal, frontal ƙasũsuwa da ɓamɓaroki. A topography na girman kwanyar ba ka damar ganin cewa duk wadannan aka gyara da musamman tsarin - biyu faranti. Daya daga cikin su na fuskantar ciki na kai, da sauran shi ne waje.

A lowermost ɓangare na kwanyar, da ake kira mai tushe kuma yana da wani m da wani ciki surface. Akwai baya, gaban da kuma tsakiyar girman kwanyar fossa. Suna located in ciki surface daga cikin tushe. A cikin hali na waje na topography na kwanyar tushe damar mana mu ga ta condyles da kuma matakai na kashi, budewa, kuma choanae.

Kamar yadda ka gani, sashen data tsarin da aka quite wuya.

Babban kashi na zagayayyen kwanya

By nazarin key aka gyara daga wannan ɓangare na kwarangwal na kai, ba za mu iya watsi da dorsal surface. A nan ne occipital kashi. Waje, shi yana da convex siffar, ciki - concave. Wannan kashi ne iyakance ga foramen magnum, a haɗa a vertebral canal tare da wani rami.

Topography neurocranium taimaka ka sami boko kashi, wanda shi ne wani tururi dakin da kuma a lokaci guda ya fi wuya. Wannan shi ne jikin balance da mai ji. Wannan yanki na shugaban da kwarangwal za a iya raba sassa uku: m, ganguna da kuma scaly.

A cikin boko kashi da dama muhimmanci tashoshi. Musculo-bututu, barci fuska, mastoid canaliculus, da dai sauransu A saboda wannan dalili, da rauni a wannan yanki ne mai hadarin gaske.

Har ila yau, kwanyar topography damar zuwa kalla a cikin kwakwalwa na cuneiform. Ya kunshi uku nau'i-nau'i daga appendages da kuma jiki. A an zubar da tsakanin frontal (gaba) da occipital kashi (raya). Da tsakiya farantin cewa wani bangare ne na reshe appendages kafa hanci kogo.

Kwakwalwa ne wani ɓangare na kwarangwal na da kai, kuma da frontal, parietal, da kuma ethmoid kashi.

A topography na gyara man fuska kwanyar

Idan ka kula da wannan bangare na kwarangwal na kai, za mu iya ganin da wahala tsarin. Ya kamata ka fara da babba muƙamuƙi, wanda shi ne wani tururi dakin da kuma kunshi hudu matakai (Palatine, frontal, zygomatic, alveolar) da kuma jiki. A cikin jiki da sirrin hanci, orbital, infratemporal da kuma gaban farfajiya.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa babba muƙamuƙi part a cikin samuwar hanci kogo, da kuma pterygium-palatal infratemporal rami, kazalika da bakin da ido kwasfa.

Kwanyar topography sa ya yiwu don sanin ko zygomatic kashi. Yana kuma hidima a matsayin wani tururi dakin da kuma karfafa gaba, na. Wannan bangaren na kwarangwal na shugaban ne alaka da frontal, boko ƙasũsuwa da babba muƙamuƙi.

Palatine kashi kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa. Yana za a iya samu a baya da babba muƙamuƙi. Iyakoki na wannan kashi na kwanyar daga gaba, na daga cikin pterygoid tsari na sphenoid kashi. Filin palate kunshi perpendicular da kuma a kwance faranti.

A kasan baki, bi da bi, shi ne kadai unpaired kashi da kuma m memba na shugaban kwarangwal. Yana yana da biyu rassan da jiki. A boko kashi Forms da temporomandibular hadin gwiwa. Kai tsaye jiki da kanta yana mai lankwasa siffar da ya kunshi wani m convex da ciki concave saman.

Har ila yau, a gaban kwarangwal na da shugaban yana da wani hanci, lacrimal, hyoid kashi, coulter da condylar tsari.

Saboda haka, topography na kwanyar take kaiwa zuwa Tsayawa akan matsayin cewa wannan bangare na jikin mutum shi ne daya daga cikin mafi hadaddun da aikin wani goyon bayan da m aiki, amma kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin numfashi da kuma narkewa kamar tsarin.