Tsarin Numfashi: tsarin da gabobin. Pleura - shi ne ... Pleural rami haske

Kamar yadda ka sani, ba tare da iska mai mutum ba zai iya yin fiye da minti uku. A wannan oxygen hannun jari, da narkar da a cikin jini, ana tsautsayi, kuma akwai zo da wani yunwa na kwakwalwa, wanda aka bayyana syncope, kuma a cikin tsanani lokuta - coma har ma da mutuwa. Hakika, horar da a wasu hanya mutane sun iya mika airless lokaci na zuwa biyar, bakwai, ko minti goma, amma talakawan mutum ne mai wuya ga iya. Tafiyar matakai na rayuwa da ke faruwa a cikin jiki, ya bukatar wani m samar da oxygen kwayoyin, kuma wannan aiki da kyau rike da numfashi tsarin.

numfashi, saukarwa

Oxygen musayar tsakanin kwayoyin da yanayi faruwa a matakai huɗu:

1. Iska daga waje yanayi samun shiga cikin huhu da kuma cika duk samuwa sarari.
2. Yadawa na gas, ciki har da oxygen, a fadin bango Alveoli (na huhu tsarin naúrar) a cikin jini.
3. Haemoglobin yana kunshe ne a cikin ja jini Kwayoyin cewa ta ɗaure mafi yawan oxygen da kuma daukawa shi a ko'ina cikin jiki. A karamin sashi dissolves a jini canzawa.
4. Oxygen ya fita daga haemoglobin da fili ya wuce ta jirgin ruwa bango a tsoka Kwayoyin da gabobin.

Ka lura da cewa a cikin wannan tsari ya shafi kawai numfashi tsarin a farko, da sauran dogara a kan yanayin da jini ya kwarara, da kaddarorin, da kuma matakin da nama metabolism. Bugu da kari, cikin huhu ne da hannu a cikin zafin rana musayar, tukar tumbi da guba abubuwa, da samuwar cikin murya.

haltta

A gaba dayan numfashi tsarin ne zuwa kashi biyu sassan, dangane da dangi matsayi na gabobin.

Upper airway kunshi hanci da baka cavities, nasopharynx, oropharynx, makogwaro da kuma pharynx. Kuma ga mafi part wakiltar wani rami kafa ta ganuwar da kwanyar kashi ko connective musculo-kwarangwal.

Lower numfashi fili ya hada da maƙogwaro, trachea da bronchi. Alveoli a cikin wannan rarrabuwa ba a hada, kamar yadda su ne wani ɓangare daga cikin huhu parenchyma da m ɓangare na Bronchial shambura lokaci guda.

A takaice game da kowane bijiro da batun kafa naúrar na numfashi fili.

hanci rami

Yana osteochondral ilimi, wanda aka located a kan gaba daga cikin kwanyar. Ya kunshi biyu ba sadarwa cavities (dama da hagu) da kuma bangare tsakanin su da cewa Forms tortuous hanya. A cikin hanci kogo aka rufe da wani mucous membrane, ciwon manyan yawan jini. Wannan yanayin taimaka wajen dumama iska gudãna a cikin aiwatar da inhalation. Kuma gaban kananan cilia zuwa tace fitar da manyan da ake wãtsarwa, pollen da sauran datti. Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne hanci kogo Taimaki mutum na rarrabe kamshi.

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, makogwaro da kuma pharynx bauta ga nassi na warmed iska a cikin maƙogwaro. A tsarin da babba numfashi fili gabobin ne a hankali related to da ilmin jikin mutum da kwanyar da kuma kusan gaba daya mayar da ita musculoskeletal firam.

maƙogwaro

Human Voice siffofin kai tsaye a cikin maƙogwaro. A can located da vocal igiyoyinsu ake fašakarwar a lokacin da nassi therethrough na iska kwarara. Wannan shi ne kama da kirtani, amma saboda peculiarities na tsarin (tsawon, kauri), su m ba a iyakance ga guda sautin. Kara murya ne Littafi saboda da kusanci na intracranial cavities ko sinuses, wanda ya bada wani mayar da martani. Amma da murya - yana ba. M sautina kawai kafa a lokacin da hadewa aiki na duk bijiro da batun kafa abubuwa daga cikin manya na numfashi fili da kuma juyayi tsarin.

A trachea, ko maƙogwaro, shi ne a tube wanda a hannu daya ya kunshi guringuntsi, da sauran - na jijiyoyin. Its tsawon - goma zuwa goma sha biyar santimita. A matakin na biyar thoracic vertebra ne zuwa kashi biyu main bronchi: hagu da dama. A tsarin da ƙananan numfashi gabobin yafi wakilta guringuntsi, wanda ya hada ta samar da wata tube, samar da iska zuwa cikin zurfin huhu parenchyma.

The rabuwa da numfashi tsarin

Pleura - wani bakin ciki matsanancin harsashi na haske, wakilta serous connective nama. Azahiri, shi za a iya dauka don wani m m shafi, kuma shi ne, ba ma da nisa daga gaskiya. Yana maida hankali ne akan kayan ciki daga kõwane, kuma aka located a kan ciki surface daga cikin kirji. Anatomically biyu pleural rarrabe: daya maida hankali ne akan haske da kanta, da kuma wasu Lines da ciki daga cikin kirji kogo.

visceral Layer

Wannan bangare na harsashi wanda yake a saman kayan ciki aka kira visceral ko na huhu pleura. An tabbaci soldered ga parenchyma (ainihin nauyi) daga cikin huhu, da kuma shi za a iya raba ta tiyata. Shi ne ta hanyar wannan kusa lamba, da kuma maimaitawa da dukkan jiki contours za a iya gane furrows raba haske zuwa hannun jari. Wadannan sassan ake kira ba kawai a matsayin interlobar pleura. Akuma ta hanyar dukan surface daga cikin huhu, da connective nama kewaye da tushen da huhu, don kare ta memba tasoshi, jijiyoyi da kuma babban bronchus, sa'an nan motsa zuwa ga kirji bango.

parietal leaf

An fara daga wurin miƙa mulki, wani yanki na connective nama ne ake kira "parietal, kuma parietal pleura." Wannan shi ne saboda cewa da aka makala shi za a yanzu ba su cikin huhu parenchyma, kuma zuwa karankarman ƙirji, da intercostal tsokoki da su fascia da kuma diaphragm. An muhimmanci alama da aka dauke su da cewa duk lokacin da serosa zauna dukan, duk da bambance-bambance a topographical sunayen. Tiyata ga nasu saukaka rarrabe costal, diaphragmatic da mediastinal sassan, a matsayin wani ɓangare na pleura kan saman huhu da aka kira wani Dome.

rami

Tsakanin biyu zanen gado na pleura akwai kananan rata (ba fiye da bakwai-tenths na wani millimeter), wannan shi ne da pleural rami na cikin huhu. An cika da m wanda ya haifar da kai tsaye serosa. A wata al'ada lafiya mutum samar kullum kawai 'yan milliliters na abu. Pleural ruwa ake bukata don magance ta gogayya karfi tsakanin zanen gado na connective nama a lokacin numfashi.

pathological jihar

M pleural cututtuka ne mai kumburi a yanayi. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ne wajen wani wahala fiye da m cuta, kamar yadda mai mulkin, an dauke da likitoci a tare da sauran asibiti bayyanar cututtuka. Tarin fuka - shi ke mafi kowa dalilin da ya sa inflamed pleura. Kamuwa da cuta ne tartsatsi tsakanin yawan jama'a. A classic version na farko kamuwa da cuta na faruwa ne ta huhu. A tsarin da numfashi tsarin sa kumburi da sauyin da halittar parenchyma a serosa.

Bugu da kari da tarin fuka originators pleura kumburi iya zama neoplastic, autoimmune matakai, allergies, ciwon huhu, ya sa ta hanyar Streptococcus, staphylococcus da pyogenic Flora raunin.

Pleurisy a cikin yanayi ne bushe (fibrinous) da exudative (exudative).

bushe kumburi

A wannan yanayin, da vasculature a cikin connective zanen gado ta kumbura exuded gare qananan adadin ruwa. Yana folds a cikin pleural kogo da kuma Forms m talakawa wanda aka ajiye a kan huhu surface. A tsanani lokuta, wadannan hare-haren sun yi yawa haka da cewa ana iya kafa a kusa da wuya harsashi, wanda ya hana wani mutum numfashi. Wannan wahala gyara ba tare da tiyata ba zai yiwu ba.

exudative kumburi

Idan pleural ruwa da aka samar a cikin manyan lambobi, sa'an nan wanda yayi magana da pleural effusion. Yana, bi da bi, zuwa kashi serous, hemorrhagic kuma surkin jini. A duk ya dogara da yanayi na ruwa, wanda aka located tsakanin connective nama zanen gado.

Idan ruwa ne bayyananne ko dan kadan m, rawaya - shi ne serous effusion. Ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa na gina jiki da kuma kananan adadin sauran Kwayoyin. Yana iya zama a irin wannan har ya cika dukan kirji rami, compressing da gabobin na numfashi tsarin da kuma kunã kangẽwa, su aiki.

Idan likita ya ga a lokacin bincike huda, cewa kirji ne ja ruwa, shi ya ce akwai lalacewar da jirgin ruwa. A dalilan iya zama daban-daban: daga shiga rauni da kuma rufaffiyar karaya da karankarman ƙirji tare da hijirar na kashi, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa ya narke tuberculous huhu nama kogo.

A gaban exudate a babban yawan farin jini Kwayoyin sa shi m, tare da rawaya-kore tint. Wannan mugunya, wanda ke nufin cewa haƙuri yana da wani kwayan kamuwa da cuta da tsanani da rikitarwa. Surkin jini pleurisy in ba haka ba ya kira empyema. Wani lokaci jari na kumburi ruwa da kuma ba wahala a zuciya tsoka, haddasa pericarditis.

Kamar yadda zamu iya gani, da numfashi tsarin kunshi ba kawai daga cikin huhu. Yana hada da hanci da baki, pharynx da maƙogwaro da igiyoyi, trachea, bronchi, huhu, da kuma, ba shakka, da pleura. Wannan shi ne wani hadadden sashin jiki, wanda aiki smoothly, kawo jiki oxygen da kuma sauran iska gas. Domin ya kula da wannan inji domin, dole ne ka sha yau da kullum da kirji X-haskoki, don kauce wa m na numfashi da ciwon ya kama, da kuma kullum bunkasa su rigakafi. Sa'an nan, da mummunan tasiri da muhalli zai kasance kasa shafi numfashi aiki.