Uilyam Batler Yeyts: biography da ayyukansu

Uilyam Batler Yeyts aka sani a matsayin mafi girma a harshen Turanci mawãƙi na marigayi XIX - farkon XX ƙarni, ya yi yawa ga fasalin da poetic style, kazalika da mawallafin wasannin kwaikwayo, essayist kuma mawallafin. A jerin litattafan da shawarar da Hemingway for wajibi karatu ga matasa marubuta, ya aka kayyade, da kuma "tarihin rayuwar" Yeats. Da shayari biya hankali mashawarta juyi. Ba wai kawai a matsayin wani mawãƙi, ya bambanta kansa Uilyam Batler Yeyts. Ya waqe ne haƙĩƙa sosai muhimmanci, duk da haka, Uilyam Batler kuma aka sani a matsayin marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo. Concept wasan kwaikwayo Yeats da wani karfi da tasiri a TS Eliot, halin da aikin ya gada a matsayin "wani ɓangare na wannan karni ruhu."

Origin, matasa da kuma musamman matasa art

Mu ne sha'awar wani Turanci-harshen mawãƙi haife shi a babban birnin na Ireland, a cikin iyali na da wani sanannen mai zane-zane, mallakar Pre-Raphaelite makaranta (ga wanda, ba zato ba tsammani, sun kasance sosai kusa, kuma Kipling ta iyali). Ya bai samu yadda wani nagari m ilimi, amma da yawa yi aiki da kansa. Farkon sha'awar ga wallafe-wallafe.

The ayoyin farko suna alama dauke da ya rinjayi Shelley da kuma Spencer. Ya fara rubuta su da baya a 1882, da kuma na farko bazawa a 1885. Sa'an nan, a cikin 1885, William ya shiga tsakani a kungiyar na Dublin alchemical jama'a aiki a cikin occult. Interest a su za su kasance da mawãƙi ta rayuwa.

William ya fara da za a buga a shekara 20, kuma bayan 4 shekaru buga na farko Littafin waqe-waqe. Kawo up a kan ra'ayoyin da Pre-Raphaelite yãro, sai ya ce, dole ne ya "biri ƙiyayya" wajen rationalism da practicality na zamanin. Yana da jũna a gare shi cewa shayari bugi wannan hasãra, ya nemi mafaka a symbolism, la'akari da cewa image na kyakkyawa, boye daga ra'ayinmu, ba shi yiwuwa a sake wanin resorting to da yin amfani da alamomin. Amma ko da daga baya Yeats bukaci art ne ba kawai da wani tunanin da tasiri a kan mai karatu, amma kuma rinjayar da halin kirki.

ilimi aiki

Mutane da yawa sun ba da mawãƙi kai bishara. A 1891 ya shirya a London Dan Ailan Literary Society, daga baya da National Union of Irish a Dublin, Kingibe a cikin aikin na Society of kasida, ya kula da gabatarwa Irish almara. Daya daga cikin nasarorin da aka halittar da ake kira Gaelic League - Jama'a Union da nufin ci gaba da wani Dan Ailan kasa al'adu, Tarurrukan na harshe na asalin halitta kuma miƙa mulki ga adabi, dangane kasa hadisai.

Irish mutane da wuya tarihi. "Green Island" da aka lugar da Celtic kabilu a IV karni BC. A wannan zamanin, a cikin XII karni, Ireland ya zo karkashin mulkin Ingila. Kawai a 1921 ta samu mulkin matsayi, kuma a shekarar 1949 - 'yancin kai. Northern Ireland, fiye da ake kira Ulster, ya kasance tare da Burtaniya. Harkokin waje na mulkin da aka m, da dokokin ba da damar da Irish yin amfani da su harshen karkashin zafi na mutuwa. By tsakiyar karni na karshe, gwagwarmayar neman nasu al'ada da kuma harshen da ya zama rikitarwa taro ƙaura. Yanzu Dan Ailan waje zaune kamar yadda a Ireland. Yawan masu amfani da harshe fara Wane. Ko a yanzu, a lokacin da halin da ake ciki da aka gyara, da Dan Ailan ce kasa da kwata na 'yan kasa.

"A Dan Ailan wallafe-wallafen Tarurrukan"

Yaki da ƙi al'adu da kuma motsi kafa da kanta da aiki, "Dan Ailan wallafe-wallafen Tarurrukan", a cikin abin da akwai da Gaelic League da kuma farkon wanda ake dangantawa da saki a 1893 shayari tarin, ya wallafa Uilyam Yeyts ( "Celtic Twilight"). The motsi bai yi shi da burin uzkoyazykovym matsaloli, da kuma da yawa daga cikinsu, ciki har da William, rubuta a cikin harshen Turanci. "Gaelic - na kabila, amma ba 'yan qasar harshen," - ya ce Uilyam Batler Yeyts. Quotes shi ne sau da yawa amfani da su inganta wannan yunkuri. Matsala "na Irish wallafe-wallafen Tarurrukan" ya m - farkarwa kasa ruhu, ci gaba da jama'a hadisai, da kare 'yancin kai na kasar al'adu.

Halittar Irish Literary Theater

Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na motsi Uilyam Batler Yeyts kafa a 1899 ta Irish Literary wasan kwaikwayo a Dublin, kuma ya yi ta darektan kusan zuwa mutuwa game da shekaru 40. A sharhin da ya gidan wasan kwaikwayo, sai ya yi aiki da kansa, Magana yafi to al'amurran da suka shafi kasa almara da kuma 'yan qasar tarihi. A nan, Yates ya babbar bidi'a. Ya gudanar ya halicci wani asali manufar "poetic wasan kwaikwayo", da antithesis na dominance na naturalism.

Personal rai da fata game da soyayya

A shayari, wanda ya zama babban sadaukarwa da Yeats, ya ma kullum a kan lookout. Farkon aikin da aka kafe a mythology da kuma amfanin jiki da ra'ayin "madawwami kyakkyawa". Gaskiya da wuya janyo hankalin mawãƙi. A irin ban tausayi launi a cikin shayari na Yeats kawo soyayya. A cikin shekaru 24, ya gana da matasa kyakkyawa Maud Goni, wani actress da kuma juyin juya halin Musulunci, da kuma shekaru da yawa da ga ta m ji cewa kasance m. Kawai shekaru 52 da haihuwa, a karo na hudu samu daga Maud gazawar to connect rayukansu, fara wani iyali Uilyam Batler Yeyts. "Yanã son ya cikin wani sarari suKe alkyabbar ..." - shi ne sunan daya daga cikin waqe game da soyayya lyrics. Af, da Lines daga cikin sauti a farkon movie "ma'auni". Mutane da yawa ba su san cewa su mawallafin - Uilyam Batler Yeyts. "Amma ni, kasancewa matalauta, da kawai mafarkai," - ya ce da lyrical gwarzo na waka, lamenting da cewa shi ba zai iya yada fitar a ƙafa na ƙaunataccen "samaniya siliki."

Bayanan da jama'a shayari

A tsawon lokaci, ayyukan da Yeats delineated karaya. "Madawwami Beauty", a waka game da soyayya - duk da wannan ne a hankali bace. An fara da "nauyin" na tarin (1914), Uilyam Batler ƙara kõma zuwa bayanan da jama'a shayari. mai tarin waqe kai wani siga zamantakewa yanayi. A kullum-dami Katolika Ireland kopilos rashin biyan bukata da mamayar Protestant Ingila. Don warware rikicin da Dublin tawaye a 1916. Ireland ta ayyana kanta a jamhuriyar, amma da mayakan dade kawai kwanaki biyar. Uilyam Batler Yeyts a wannan lokacin a London, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru sun cikakken mamaki ga shi, amma suka bar mai zurfi bugu a kan tunaninsa.

Sai da na ɗauki akuba reappraisal na baya. Maimakon gauraye da Sufi mythology Yeats aikin ya hada da tarihin kasar da ta real heroes. A jini gaskiya na tawaye, wanda da'awar 450 rayuwarsu, da mutuwa ta shugabannin sun jagoranci mawãƙi ka jefar da daukaka aristocracy, wani sabon look at cikin mutane.

The ban tausayi sautin shayari

Rayuwa ba su ba m goyon baya ga grope. A tarzomar yaƙin yaki da Birtaniya invaders taso Yates m cizon yatsa. An rinjãyi ya tsõron wani sarkar dauki na kiyayya da tashin hankali. The ban tausayi sautin halayyar da mafiya yawa daga cikin waqe wannan lokaci. Amma, ba shakka, mu hadu a lyrics na Yeats da kuma na gaisuwa guitar. Misali - da waka "The m na Dunii".

mawãƙi yiwuwa

Yeats shayari dadin fadi da fitarwa. A fili, ba lallai ba ne su nemi hyperbole a cikin dabara na Swedish Academy, wanda ya lura da cewa aikinsa "yana magana cikin ruhaniya jigon da dukan al'umma." Ikon da mawãƙi ya girma. Daga 1922 zuwa 1928, Yates - wani memba na majalisar dattijai Irish, daya daga uku sanatocin su shawara da gwamnatin a game da al'amuran ilimi, adabi da wasannin fasaha. Ya muhawwara jawabin da gudummawar da adana yawa na kasa Monuments. Duk da haka, mafi yawan yunkurin tsoma baki a cikin siyasa ba su ba da sakamakon, kuma ya qi lakabi na girmamawa.

majalisar Dattijan magana

Yeats majalisar dattijai magana ba dalĩlin kima na da rawar da al'adu a cikin al'umma. A daya daga cikinsu ya ce cewa ba shi da bege ga wani united Ireland, ganin Accession na Ulster. amma ya tabbata cewa a karshen da zai faru, kuma ba saboda Irish zai yi yaƙi da shi, amma saboda suna da kyau iko da kasar su. Uilyam Batler Yeyts ce cewa za a yi wannan da samar da wata al'adar zai wakilci kasar da kuma wadda za ta jawo hankalin da tunanin matasa.

A karshe shekaru goma na rayuwa da kuma aiki

A cikin shekaru goma na rayuwarsa, ya zama kamar ma, gudana a asirce. Great halin kirki da kuma kayan tallafi ya Nobel Prize, wanda ya samu a shekarar 1923. Mawãƙi sake cike da ibada da kuma ta jiki ƙarfi na gabatowa tsufa magana da shiru mutumci. Amma wannan shi ne kawai m kwantar da hankula, rai na ruhaniya na mawãƙi ne har yanzu cike da fama. A cikin ragewa shekaru duk girmama marubuci, neman mayar da a baya, da tunani game da nan gaba, ka tambayi kanka daya damun wasu. A cikin aikinsa akwai sabo zaren hatched sabon ideas, canza poetic dabara. Saboda haka ta yaya zai kullum ta rushe kanta. Search Status ba ya bar shi har karshen.

Ya kamata kuma a lura da cewa ayoyin da suka shafi marigayi lokacin aikinsa, da mafi sirri hali fiye da na baya da ayyuka. A musamman, sun mayar da su 'ya'yan William Yeats buga tunani game da tsufa.

A karshe shekaru goma sha biyar da ransa Yeats aka gane a matsayin kasa Irish mawãƙi ne. Ya kasance sau da yawa rashin lafiya, amma ya ci gaba da yi. A cikin shekaru goma na rayuwarsa ya halitta ayyukan da alama wani matsanancin fasaha, mai girma so da kuma hasashensu. Daga cikin su ya kamata mu ambaci irin wannan tarin kamar yadda "The Tower" (1928) da kuma "Karkace bene", halitta a cikin shekara ta 1933.

A mawãƙi ya mutu a kan Faransa Riviera, a garin Cap-Martin, 28 Janairu 1939. Mutuwa ta zo ne bayan wani rashin lafiya. Bisa ga nufin na Yeats, wanda aka sanya a cikin poetic so, a 1948, ya rage da aka reburied a Ireland.

The shawara kan mutum da kuma aiki da mawãƙi

Zato a mulki ne halayyar Yeats, da artist a ko'ina cikin kusan 60-shekara aiki. Ya sau da yawa ya ki ci gaba, canji, kuma bambanta aikinsa. Facts na rayuwa da kuma wallafe-wallafen biography na Yeats ma sabanin. All ransa yana sha'awar sufi da koyarwarsa. Wannan ya nuna a cikin aikinsa. A musamman, spiritualism fascinated Uilyam Yeyts. "Vision" - An wallafa a 1925. Littafin, a cikin abin da ya yi masa fassara da m da kuma tarihi lokacin daga batu na Sufi. A lokaci daya, Uilyam Batler ko ĩmãni m farkisanci demagogy.

Haka kuma, da hukuncin sukar da ya falsafa matsayi sau da yawa yardatayya ware juna: Yeats wakilci neman sauyi, shi ne wani reactionary, da traditionalist, da modernist. Shari'u da goyon baya nassoshi da articles, faxin, poetic Lines. The shawara kan mutum da kuma aiki da William Butler Yeats zama farali. Abu daya ne bayyananne - shi mutum ne kullum jihãdi ga sabon ruhaniya abokai. Kuma shi ne wannan dukiya wahayi zuwa gare shi don ƙirƙirar wani sabon tsari da kuma abun ciki na shayari, wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na zamani da al'adunsu.