Voivod Shein: a takaice biography da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Spring safe, Afrilu 28, 1634 Moscow m mutane rũgũguwar fita zuwa Red Square. Ko a nan, a cikin babban birnin kasar, saba wa hukuncin kisa damu mai zuwa taron ya sa tartsatsi tashin hankali - babu wargi, da scaffold ya hau babban sarauta gwamnan Shein, kuma tare da shi, shi da mataimakin Artem Izmailov da ɗansa Basil. Abin da ya kai ga scaffold wadannan jiya kewaye da mutane abin da aka sani?

Sun mai hawan duwatsu - magājin wani tsoho iyali

Game inda kuma a lokacin da aka haife gwamnan Shein Mihail Borisovich, da bayanai ba a kiyaye su, amma, a cewar wasu masu bincike suna karkata zuwa yi imani da cewa wannan taron ya faru a cikin marigayi 70-ies na XVI karni. Mun san kuma cewa, ya sauko daga dogon layi na manya Shein, Ambaton wanda ake samu a cikin tarihin, fara daga XIV karni.

Hanyar zuwa saman matsayi na kotu Gwamna Shein ya fara a matsayin wani squire a zamanin mulkin Boris Godunov Serpukhov a lokacin da yake yakin neman zabe kan rundunar 'yan Tatar Khan Giray Gaza. Ya ƙarfafa matsayin ta auri 'yar daya daga cikin mafi kusa zumunta na sarki - Maria Godunov. Pedigree, don haka da wani autocrat, ya abruptly tafi sama da tsani, kuma ya karbi sosai mazauni mai kyau ga waɗanda sau Chashnik, wato, aikin hukuma, ya lura da ruwan inabi cellars na sarki.

A farkon Polish shiga tsakani

Daga ganga na kasashen waje giya matasa bafadan Mikhail Shein tsage soja da ya faru dangane da mamayewa a 1604, da Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian sojojin da kuma fitowan cikin Rasha mayaudarin arya Dmitry I. Halartar a yakin Novgorod-Seversky, ya rufe kansa da ɗaukaka, ya sami ceto daga sananne mutuwar kwamandan sojojin Rasha daga Prince Fedor Mstislavovich. Domin wannan feat da Sarkin sarakuna ba shi da tsada da kuma sa babban yaki kama daga maƙiyi birni.

The m events fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa a cikin irin wannan hanya da cewa, saboda da mutuwa Borisa Godunova da taro canja wuri da wani gagarumin yawan mazaunan makwabta garuruwa da kauyuka a gefen Lzhedmitriya na Shein aka kuma tilasta wa rantsuwa amincewa da mayaudarin, kuma kawai sananne auka na karshe tsĩrar da shi daga wannan tilasta rantsuwarka.

New ta faɗa da wani ganawa

A sosai shahararren rawa da gwamnan Shein, kuma a suppressing da tawaye Ivan Bolotnikov, ya barke a zamanin mulkin Ivana Shuyskogo. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na sojojin aika zuwa iko da 'yan tawaye, bar ga hanyar hordes da kawai jini da kuma lalata, ya halarci dukan manyan fadace-fadace da yaƙin neman zaɓe. Ya na da damar zuwa yãƙi, kuma a karkashin Yelets, kuma Pakhra kogin, da kuma ganuwar da Kremlin, inda ya jagoranci rajimanti Smolensk gentry. Akwai wani matashi gwamnan da kuma daga cikin 'yan wasan, da yaƙi Tula, wanda ya zama na karshe tsattsauran bolotnikovtsev.

A lokacin da a 1607 akwai wata barazana da kama na Smolensk dakarun na Yaren mutanen Poland King Sigismund, da umurnin sarki na magajin gari ya nada shi gwamnan Shein. Smolensk Tsaro wakiltar wani muhimmin dabarun aiki, kamar yadda ya sa a cikin hanyar da makiya to Moscow. A wannan batun, gwamnan ya tafi zuwa babban alhaki ne.

A m na maƙiya sojojin

A jira na m na abokan gaba, wadda bisa ga samuwa data, sa ran a cikin ganuwar birnin a farkon Satumba 1609, Gwamnan Shein gudanar m shiri aikin da nufin karfafa birnin. A musamman, ya bayar da umarnin da aka lebur USAID bango, gina mafi karkashin Boris Godunov, da kuma halitta da dama ƙarin ciki m Lines. Domin rabu da makiya ikon ya dauki amfani da wurinta Zadneprovsky dasa, duk da gine-gine ya ƙone, da kuma mazauna fiye da 600 yadudduka sanya a ciki da sansanin soja.

A farkon Oktoba zo kusa Smolensk Sigismund sojojin, wanda ya ƙidaya 12.5 dubu. Mutane. Suka yi tsayayya da 5.5 dubu. A birnin kare. Yana fara da irinta heroism na tsaro na birnin, wanda dade watanni 20. A ƙarshe na da yawa soja masana tarihi, shi ne misali na mai yawan sabon da kuma underdeveloped a Rasha yi na dabara dabaru.

A tsaron gida, wanda ya ƙare a shan kashi

A musamman, muna magana ne game da abin da ake kira karkashin kasa da yaki kulla a kan ganuwar birnin, a lokacin da suka haƙa ƙarƙashin ganuwar da sansanin soja da kuma na mine galleries bayyana gurgunta, haddasa asarar babba ga Dogayen sanda. Yana gangara a tarihi da kuma mai gani da yawa hari Kanmu ta kewaye birnin da yaƙi sojojin. Su ma sabuwar a lokacin da dabara aka yi amfani da, ci gaba da gwamnan Shein.

A tsaro na Smolensk, duk da haka, tare da kowane watan da aka a yanzu mafi wuya aiki, saboda waje taimako kewaye bai sami, da kuma nasu albarkatun zuwa ga ƙarshe. A sakamakon haka, a cikin bazara na 1611, lokacin da wani 5.5 dubu. A kare zauna da rai kawai mutane 200, da Dogayen sanda dauki garin.

Fursuna da kuma m koma Moscow

Wasu mazauna, gudu daga makiya, kulle kanta a cikin birnin na main haikali - Monomakh Cathedral, kuma ya mutu a sakamakon fashewar da aka karkashin shi da foda mujallar. Gwamnan Sheina Dogayen sanda kama da kuma aika zuwa Poland, inda ya shafe shekaru takwas a kurkuku, har cikar tsaida wutar yaƙi Deulino, daya daga cikin yanayi na wanda ya yin musayar fursunoni.

Daga cikin returnees shi ma gwamnan Shein. Photos, haifuwa siffarta a kan hoto daga cikin shahararrun Rasha artist Yuri Melkova (sanya a farkon labarin), idan ba su yi da'awar cewa su wani hoto kama, sa'an nan, a cikin wani hali, ake bayyana siffarta a kan idanun mutane, wanda ya gan shi a cikin matsari daga Fatherland, kamar almara gwarzo. The yaki ba a kammala, kuma a kan jiya ta kwashe zuciya ƙwarai.

Sake karkashin ganuwar Smolensk

A Moscow, gwamnan Shein dadin duniya game da wurin da Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. Ya aka umurce su su kai wa jami'in umarni, amma Gwamna da dukan zuciyata tsage a cikin sojojin, kuma a 1632, lokacin da wa'adin ya kare Deulino tsagaita wuta, da Sarkin sarakuna da aka aika zuwa saki da shi don haka tunawa Smolensk.

Duk da cewa a karkashin umurnin an sojojin nisa outnumbered da sojojin na kare, da aiki ya yiwuwa ga mahukunta. Da masu bincike tsunduma a cikin binciken na ban mamaki aukuwa a Rasha tarihi, sa a gaba da dama versions bayanin abin da ya faru.

wani kashi

Kamar yadda da yawa daga cikinsu, dalilin da gazawar da aka game da rashin saurin da laifi jami'an sojan alhakin samar da kewaye Smolensk iko battering raguna da abin da besiegers iya shiga cikin birnin. Wasu nuna wa m tsangwama a cikin shakka daga ayyukan soji da kwarewa a wannan fagen Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich da kuma shigar da su a cikin ɓata. Akwai magoya bayan na version bisa ga abin da, da ruwan inabi sun fi mayar ginu ne tare da Gwamnan Shein.

Ko ta wani hanya, amma lokacin m domin kwata 'yanci na birnin, an rasa, kuma nan da nan ya zo sama a cikin birnin da yawa dubban sojojin na Sigismund III tilasta besiegers su tambaye shi domin a tsagaita wuta. Yana da aka samu da kuma yarda Shein da dakarun wakkala a gare shi ya tsere daga ganuwar Smolensk, amma wulãkantãwa yanayi na su.

Rayuwa yanke takaice a kan scaffold

A Moscow, ya ci Gwamnan sa ran fiye sanyi liyafar. The dora alhakin gazawar na soja da aka wakkala a gare shi. Bugu da kari, jiya ta fi so sarki aka tuhuma da laifin cin amanar kasa, bisa jita-jita, wai yayin da a Polish bauta, ya yi rantsuwa amincewa King Sigismund III. Amma da yawa zamani malaman yi imani da cewa dalilin ya da bege na Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich zargi gwamnan batun shi nasa kuskure a cikin shugabanci na soja aiki. Ko ta wani hanya, amma gudanar da gaggawa Boyar hukumar yanke masa hukuncin kisa.

The labari cewa gwamnan Shein kaso na wani asarar jawo wa kansu da su a gindin ganuwar Smolensk, aka sani da zamani al'umma ne sosai shubuha. Mutane da yawa daga cikin soja maza suka yi yãƙi, a karkashin umurnin farko Shein, frankly outraged da kuma barazanar abada ritaya daga sojoji, amma akwai wadanda cewa kawai kange Murna. Musamman mai yawa daga gare su, da aka kewaye da sarkin. Zai yiwu shi ne wanda aka azabtar da rikici da kuma fadi da zarar girmama duk gwamnan Shein, a takaice biography wanda ya kafa tushen labarin mu.