Wadan cututtuka: kayyade misalai. Mafi tsanani cututtuka

Kamar yadda ka sani, akwai miliyoyin cututtuka a duniya. Mafi yawa daga cikin pathologies prevalent a duk yankuna. Duk da haka, akwai wani raba rukuni - shi ne endemic cututtuka. Irin cututtuka ba faruwa a ko'ina, amma kawai don wani Gwargwadon kashi. Dangane da ruwan dare bambanta: endemic, annoba da kuma cutar AIDS.

Domin irin wannan cututtuka kawo da kuma mummunan cuta da cewa da'awar miliyoyin rayuka. Daga cikin su: annoba, kwalara, zazzabin cizon sauro. Kamar dukan wadan cututtuka, da kamuwa da cuta fara a wani musamman yankin, sa'an nan bazu ko'ina cikin duniya, kuma suna kira annoba. Mafi sau da yawa, a yankin Pathology ba ta wuce iyakoki na ta biogeographic lardin.

Wadan cututtuka: ra'ayi

Cututtuka, rufe a wani yankin da ake kira endemic. A karkashin wadannan pathologies an fahimci cewa tushen matsalar da yake a cikin yanayi duk lokaci. Yawanci, irin cututtuka haifar da matsaloli tare da ruwa, ƙasa ko iska a yankin. Sau da yawa wadan cututtuka dangantawa da parasites cewa rayuwa a wasu yanayin damina (Indiya, kasashen Afirka). A mafi tsanani cututtuka da suke sha musantawa a tsakiyar zamanai da kuma a baya, kuma, da farko mallakar yankin matsaloli. Abin farin, godiya ga ci gaban epidemiology da kuma magani, ba su auku a cikin zamani duniya.

A Sanadin endemic cututtuka

A mafi yawan lokuta, da etiological dalilai na fama da cututtuka sun hada da kwayar kuma parasitic cututtuka. Dako na wadannan pathologies - hakori ko kwari. A wasu lokuta, a cikin hanyar cuta - da rashin alama abubuwa ko bitamin. Rashin mahadi kamar aidin, alli, bitamin C da D, shi ne m zuwa disturbances a jikin mutanen da suke rayuwa a cikin wani musamman yankin. Har ila yau, zai iya kai wa ga cutar da kuma wuce haddi da alama abubuwa (msl, fluoro).

Ginshikai na cin endemies

Kowane endemic yana ta musamman pathogenesis da kuma na asibiti hoto. Da farko ya dogara a kan hanyar da Pathology. Kwayar kuma kwayan cututtuka na pathogen a cikin jini na mutum da kuma ninka a cikin jikin kyallen takarda. Bayan haka, haƙuri cututtuka fara bayyana. cututtuka a mafi yawan lokuta vectors kwari (sauro, kwari) da kuma hakori. A wasu yankuna na fama da cututtuka dangantawa da parasites cewa rayuwa a cikin ruwa. Sun shiga cikin jikin mutum da kuma ninka akwai. A mafi yawan lokuta, da na asibiti hoto tasowa a lamba tare da tumbi na parasites a cikin jini.

Idan hanyar da cuta ne wadan rashin muhimmanci bitamin da kuma ma'adanai, da pathogenesis na wadannan cututtuka da sauran. Saboda gaskiya cewa jiki ba ya sami wani abubuwa fara aiki compensatory sunadaran. A sakamakon haka, da manufa gabobin hypertrophy, kuma su yi aiki da aka lalace. The asibiti hoto na kowane Pathology dogara a kan abin da irin tsarin shi ne ya shafa saboda wani rashin bitamin ko alama kashi.

Communication endemic cuta epidemiology

Wadan cututtuka da dangantaka ta kai tsaye da ƙasa a kan su wadda aka rarraba. A rashin ko wuce haddi na alama abubuwa a cikin yankin qara yawan pathologies a cikin wannan yanki. Misalan sun ha] da wadannan take hakki: .. wadan goiter, fluorosis, urovskaya cuta, scurvy, da dai sauransu tartsatsi kamuwa take kaiwa zuwa cin gaban cututtukan annoba da annoba. Yawancin wannan batun kwayar, parasitic da kwayan cututtuka.

Kamar haka, akwai ya kasance wani yaduwar annoba, kwalara, zazzabin cizon sauro. Tun da wadannan cututtuka ne canjawa wuri hakori da kwari, suka bugi nahiyar baki daya. Cututtuka da suke da takamaiman zuwa Afirka yankin - shi ne Congo-Crimean zazzabi, cutar Ebola, HIV. Wasu marubuta koma zuwa wadan pathologies barasa da miyagun ƙwayoyi dogara.

Mafi tsanani cututtuka: annoba, kwalara

Mafi na kowa endemic kamata hada da wani musamman m kamuwa da cuta, wadda ta dauki miliyoyin rayuka. A musamman wuri ne shagaltar da annobar cutar AIDS. Cutar da aka rufe da dama nahiyoyi. Tartsatsi alade hade da hijirarsa hakori da suke da wani tafki na kamuwa da cuta. Kamuwa da cuta na iya faruwa a hanyoyi da dama. Mafi sau da yawa shi ne transmissive hanya (ta hanyar gwanjo cizon). Har ila yau pathogen iya shiga cikin jiki tare da abinci da kuma inhaled ta hanyar iska (ga pneumonic nau'i na cutar). Duk da cewa da kamuwa da cuta ne sosai rare a wannan lokacin, yana da daraja ambaton cewa dako da annoba, kamar yadda kafin - yana da wani bera. Ba kamar mutane, hakori iya zama m na dogon lokaci. Idan da suna da wani kullum kamuwa da cuta, su ne m.

Wani endemic rahoto ga annoba, kwalara ta zama. Kamar annoba, ta dauki miliyoyin rayuka da kuma yada kusan a duk faɗin duniya. A pathogen ne Vibrio cholerae. Route na watsa da cuta ne mafi sau da yawa ruwa ko sinadirai. Kamuwa da cuta har yanzu faruwa a yankunan da ya fi karfinsu yanayin tsafta.

The asibiti hoto na fama da cututtuka

Bayyanar cututtuka na fama da cututtuka bambanta da juna. Tare da kasawa da wasu alama abubuwa kullum yake shan wahala tsarin. Misalai ne endemic goiter, urovskaya cuta. A cikin farko idan akwai wani rashin aidin a cikin jiki. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa wani karu a thyroid hormone aiki. A sakamakon haka ne wani bata lokaci ba, a shafi tunanin mutum da kuma ta jiki ci gaba. Urovskaya cuta ne halayyar ga yankunan da low alli abun ciki a cikin ruwan sha. An samu a cikin Trans-Baikal yankin, China da kuma Korea. The asibiti hoto cuta ne nakasawa da ƙasũsuwa da gidajen abinci.

Rarar ma'adanai kuma iya sa wadan cututtuka. An misali ne fluorosis. Lokacin da cutar faruwa sunadarin flourine jari a hakori enamel, wanda bayyana kanta da duhu spots, kuma caries.

Wadan cututtuka ne musamman m. Suna halin maye da shan kashi na dukan kwayoyin. Annoba yana tare da kwamin na tara ulcers a kan fata, ko halakar da huhu nama. Kwalara take kaiwa zuwa m dehydration.

Ganewar asali na fama da cututtuka

Ganewar asali endemic cuta yawanci buga wani ƙunci. Tun da har na Pathology manyan cututtuka da sauri hade da kasawa ko wuce haddi na wani musamman sinadari. Wajibi ne a gudanar da bincike na gona, ruwa da iska a yankin. Idan an dauke da kwayar cutar Pathology, yana da matukar muhimmanci a samu ta Madogararsa. yana da daban-daban ga kowane cuta. Alal misali, yan dako na annoba - gwanjo, Congo-Crimean zazzabi - mites. Tun da mafi cututtuka ne zooantroponoznymi bukatar samun wani tafki na kamuwa da cuta. Mafi sau da yawa shi ne wani bera, linzamin kwamfuta, da shanu.

A dauke da kwayar cutar matakai dauki likitoci don nazarin nazarin halittu abu (tumbi, fitsari, yau), kazalika da abinci da cewa haƙuri cinye. Yi bacteriological bincike na jini da kuma makewayi.

Hanyar da ake rubutu da wadan da cututtuka

Don yãƙi cututtuka wadan aiki ake bukata ba kawai likita, amma kuma epidemiologists. A site na inoculation nan da nan a kafa wani rigakafi yankin. Dukan marasa lafiya ya kamata a asibiti a wani dauke da kwayar cutar asibiti.

Mutane suka kasance a lamba tare da marasa lafiya ya kamata a yi kariya da kuma ba su bar cikin rigakafi zone. Wannan shi ne zama dole su kauce wa kara baza kamuwa da cuta. A site kamuwa da cuta da aka sanya shinge abu don ANNOBA karatu. Za'ayi sanitization, wanda ya hada da wanka da wuraren da disinfectants, samun iska, ruwan tufafi. A rigakafi yanki dole ne samuwa ga m yawan jama'a. Lokacin da musamman m cututtuka, da likita ma'aikatan aiki a cikin na musamman form (Anti kwat da wando).

Rigakafin endemic cuta

Wadan cututtuka bukatar dace rigakafin. A wuraren da rashin abubuwan da alama bitamin bukata abubuwa suna kara da cewa abinci (iodized gishiri) ruwa. Jariri ake bincikar lafiya (ga phenylketonuria, hypothyroidism). Domin da ake zargi da wadan rubũta kari da bitamin da kuma alama abubuwa bace. Har ila yau, ga wasu pathologies bukatar musamman da magani (tafiya a rana), lokaci-lokaci canje-canje a cikin sauyin yanayi yanayi.