Wanda ya gano sabon abu na roba vulcanization, da kuma abin da yake da shi?

Wanda ya gano sabon abu na roba vulcanization, ba kowa da kowa ya sani. Ko da yake sunan wannan mutum akai-akai da aka ambata a cikin tallace-tallace. Sunansa Charles Nelson Goodyear, kuma a yau da sunansa, "ne" sanannen iri tayoyin. Ba tare da ya hannu, "Indian roba" (roba) na iya taba yi tsiwirwirinsu tartsatsi amfani, t. Don. Shi ne kawai a gimmick, da zarar ya kawo daga Amirka. Domin shekaru masu yawa, Charles gudanar da yawa gwaje-gwajen da daban-daban hadawa roba aka gyara (daga turpentine zuwa mai guba tutiya oxide), yayin da a 1839 shekara ba a bude ta abun da ke ciki na abu da sulfur.

Mene ne roba vulcanization tsari? Daga cikin ra'ayinsa na sunadarai - wani m roba fili kwayoyin a cikin uku girma na sarari Grid type, tare da mai gangara sinadaran shaidu ne fairly rare. A karshen dukiya damar tayoyin su zama guda sosai m, yadda akwai na halitta roba, daga abin da aka sanya.

A roba vulcanization Grid za a iya samu a karkashin high zafin jiki ko radiation, kuma ma a lokacin da ake ji na musamman da sinadaran wakili. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, domin tiyata ta amfani da musamman raka'a kamar boilers, allura gyare-gyaren inji, presses, autoclaves, shaper-vulcanizers da coolants (daga zafi tururi zuwa lantarki dumama).

A magance da zazzabi na raw roba na iya zama quite bambancin dangane da yadda ake amfani da karshe samfur. A classic iyaka ne daga 130 zuwa 200 digiri Celsius, ko da yake roba coatings da adhesives wani lokacin warke a dakin da zazzabi (a 20 digiri, da "sanyi vulcanization"). Abubuwa jamiái ne quite bambance bambancen ga wani ba tsari. Mafi sau da yawa dauki sulfuric vulcanization, wanda damar zuwa sami diene rubbers amfani da taya masana'antu da kuma roba takalma. Bugu da kari, muhimmiyar rawa aka buga da abin da ake kira "boosters" (ga karshen irin tsari), shi ne yafi sulfonamides da kuma sauya TIZOL.

Hot vulcanization na roba za a gudanar a cikin wani dan kankanin lokaci idan boosters suna da hannu a wani tsarin sunadarai: dithiocarbamates, ko xanthates. A wannan yanayin da aiki faruwa hanzari a zazzabi na game 110-125 digiri. Domin curing da adhesives da kuma wasu latex blends ƙananan yanayin zafi (20 zuwa 100 digiri) za a iya yi amfani da lokacin da yin amfani da sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate.

Amfani a cikin vulcanization na roba karin abubuwa (oligoester acrylates, peroxides, phenol guduro, da dai sauransu) Bada don samun kayayyakin da high zafi juriya, monolithic, inganta dielectric Properties. Shi ne kuma ba na karshe rawa a cikin samuwar wani samfurin (daga tafin takalma zuwa kayan ado), antioxidants (play tsawanta rayuwa roba) da kuma plasticizers, kyale don rage danko na dũkiyõyinsu a cikin magani da kudi na "erasing".