Yakub Kolas: biography, kerawa

Yakub Kolas, wanda biography mai cike da daban-daban da suka faru, ya rayu da gaske wuya sosai, amma shi ne babu shakka wani m rayuwa. Wannan marubuci samu wani gaske na ƙwarai mutum, ba kawai a gida, a Belarus, amma kuma ya zama yadu da aka sani kasashen waje.
Kolas Yakub Mihaylovich aka dauke su kafa wani sabon zamani da Belarushiyanci al'adu. Amma ga wani bude kasa ideas a cikin lokaci, dole ne ya biya wani babban isa farashin. Wannan mutumin kusan shekaru uku, aka bauta wa wani kurkuku jumla kamar yadda wani dan gidan fursuna.

Yakub Kolas -biografiya ban mamaki mutum

'Yan mutane san cewa real sunan Belarushiyanci marubuci -Konstantin Mickiewicz. Littattafansu da kuma aiki da mutum shiga cikin pseudonym, da kuma cewa shi ne me ya sa a cikin duniya adabi, ya zama sananne a karkashin zaci sunan -Yakub Colas. Biography of mawãƙi fara a wani karamin kauye da ake kira Belarushiyanci Akinchitsy. Ya aka haife kan 03.11.1882, a wani talakawa iyali forester.

Abu ne mai wuya iyaye iya sa'an nan zaton cewa daga cikin talakawa kadan yaro wanda aka ƙoƙarin koya karatu da rubutu da kuma yaranta kaunace karanta, girma da aka sani Yakub Kolas. Tarihinsa ya fi mayar aka ƙaddara ta gaskiya cewa mahaifin, kasancewa mai sauki forester, sanya kowane kokarin tabbatar da cewa dansa samu dace da ilimi. Shi ne kuma mai girma tasiri a kan Yakubu dole ya kawu -Anton. Wannan ya ya iya qarfafa a yaron babban kauna ga wallafe-wallafe.

Biography: Yakub Kolas -Getting da ilimi da kuma na farko bayyanuwar iyawa

A 1883, nan gaba mawãƙi su motsa tare da iyalinsa to Lastok, inda ya kasance don halartar azuzuwan "itinerant" malami mai suna Ales Fursevich. Next Jakub ya ci gaba da karatu a Nikolaevschinskoy yan makaranta. A lokacin da wannan lokaci da cewa ya zama sha'awar ayyukan litattafan Gogol, Krylov, Pushkin, Nekrasov, Tolstoy da Lermontov. Daga cikin gida kasida mafi girma ra'ayi a kan yaron sanya waqe Janka Lucina. A 1892, Yakub Kolas, wani photo na wanda aka gabatar a wannan labarin, ya shiga a cikin jama'a makaranta a Nikolaev, kuma bayan shekaru 2 quite nasarar kammala karatunsa.

Ya sosai farko samfurin Colas rubuta a cikin shekaru 12 da shekaru. Yana da aka kira "Spring", da kuma na farko saurarõnsu wannan ayar haifi mawãƙi -Mikhail Kazimirovich. Ya kasance haka farin ayar ɗa, cewa ya kasance da wannan aikin Maltsev gabatar da wani ruble, wanda a wancan lokacin ya kasance wani babba jimla.

Fara kerawa Kolas

A 1898, saurayin shiga Nesvizh malamin seminary, inda ya rayayye suka fara samar da ya wallafa biography. Yakub Kolas tare da m babbar sha'awa karanta ayyukan Mickiewicz, Shevchenko, litattafan Gogol, Koltsov, Franco. Bugu da kari, shi ne tsanani sha'awar da Belarushiyanci almara, ya yi karatu ethnography da kuma rubuce baka hadisin Belarusians.

A a layi daya, da shi kansa yake kokarin rubuta a cikin harshe. Amma, ya waqe da kuma litattafan sun yanayin da sauki rai na yankunan karkara da manoma, wanda ya ba ta kasance mai sauki.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa matasa marubucin an dauke da ya rinjayi daya daga cikin malaman - Kudrinsky. Ya amince da aikinsa, da jawo hankali ga gaskiyar cewa musamman muhimmancin ne ayoyin da aka rubuta a Belarushiyanci. Irin wannan yabo daga wani alhẽri mutum kawai ya tabbatar da sha'awar ci gaba da Yakub da wallafe-wallafen aiki.

fara fafatukar

Bayan kammala makarantar sakandare, wani matashi digiri na biyu na wani malami a cikin Polesie. Ya ci gaba da tattara da Belarushiyanci almara, rubuta nasu m ayyukan ƙwarai, kuma a lokaci guda a karon farko matsahi na saba da juyin juya halin Musulunci wallafe-wallafe.

Yakub Kolas fara gudanar da aiki da tattaunawa da manoma, wanda yake ƙoƙarin kai ga su da bukatar su yi yaƙi domin 'yancinsu. Kasancewa wani ilimi mutum, sai ya taimaka musu su yadda ya kamata a shirya takarda zuwa gida gonaki. Sun nuna bukatar samar da jama'a yin amfani da makiyaya da tabkuna. Irin wannan ayyukan ba je kada a gane da hukumomi, da kuma kamar yadda wata azãba ga irin wannan aiki, Mitskevitsa zarar canjawa wuri zuwa koyarwa a makarantun gwamnati Verhmenskoe.

Amma ko da a can, marubucin ba ya hana su bayar da shawarwari. A shekarar 1906, ya kasance wani Oganeza da ɗan takara na Malamai 'Congress (ba bisa doka ba), wanda aka rayayye tattauna da bukatar da kifar da gwamnatin tsarist. Hakika, wannan majalisa da aka karya up da 'yan sanda, da kuma Mickiewicz yana ƙarƙashin bincike.

Da farko wallafe da kuma gidan yari

Da zarar maras koyarwa, marubuci ya yarda da tayin da aka sani publicist A. Vlasov da kuma fara aiki a cikin jaridar edition na "mu rabo". Satumba 1, 1906 a wallafa gidan karo na farko, a karkashin pseudonym Yakub Kolas, Mickiewicz buga ayar.

A wannan lokaci, muna ci gaba da bincike a cikin kungiyar malamai 'majalisa, da kuma a kan ta kammala wani marubuci yanke hukuncin daurin shekaru uku a kurkuku. Bauta wa wani hukunci a quite wuya yanayi, ya ci gaba da aiki. Duk da yake a kurkuku, kokarin azabta wata jama'a adadi Konstantin Mitskevitsa, shi ne ƙara affirmed kuma girma karfi mawãƙi-Bakan'ane Kolas Yakub. Poems, littattafan da aka rubuta da su a lokacin da ake tsare, ƙarshe ya zama alamar kasuwanci. Sai ya zama a kurkuku, da mawãƙi haife ra'ayin rubutu irin shahara ayyukansa kamar yadda:

• "Songs na korafin."
• "New Land".
• "Symon-mawaki".

Wadannan ayyuka suna iya aika da a nufin su, kuma aka buga a cikin edition na "Nasha Niva". Ko sa'an nan, da suka biya da hankali ga Rasha sukar wanda ya lura da gaban da ayyukan Kolas kishin kasa, Belarushiyanci kishin kasa da kuma a bayyane hali ya humanism. Gorky kansa ya ba da mai kyau kimanta wannan karfi yi.

The dogon-jiran saki Yakubu

Bayan da aka sako, a cikin shekaru biyu, da marubuci sanar a Pinsk. A wannan lokacin, ya sadu da matar nan gaba - Mariey Kamenskoy, da kuma a 1913 da suka yi aure. A wannan aure da ma'aurata zauna tare domin kusan shekaru 30. Wannan lokaci ya kasance mai dausayi a cikin rãyuwar Mickiewicz, ya rubuta da yawa, kuma ya iya kafa kansa a matsayin karfi na Belarushiyanci marubucin.

Saka hannu cikin yaki

Bayan fara yakin duniya na mawãƙi ya aka girke a cikin Czar sojojin. Ya samu daraja da sammacin jami'in da aka bauta wa da sabis a Perm. Next ya aka aiko zuwa Romanian gaban da demobilized a 1917 domin kiwon lafiya dalilai. Saboda yana da wani m malami ilimi, ya aka yarda ya ci gaba da sabis a wuri zauna a gari fara'a da kuma wani malamin ya yi aiki a can. A wannan lokaci ya wallafa tarin waqe, wanda a fili audible anti-yaki da kira.

Official amincewa da mawãƙi

Bayan da yaki, Yakub Kolas samu m shahararsa da kuma fitarwa. A 1921 ya koma zuwa Minsk, inda ya rubuta cewa rayayye, yana buga. Ya tsunduma a kimiyya aikin da hidima a matsayin malami. A 1926 ya aka bayar da lakabi na girmamawa "Mutane ta mawãƙi na Belarus." Bayan shekaru biyu ya kuma an zabe kamar yadda mataimakin shugaban na Academy of Sciences na BSSR. Domin ya tarin waqe, Mickiewicz aka sau biyu bayar da Tarayyar Soviet Jihar Prize. Bayan yakin duniya na II, a matsayin wani aiki ma'aikacin, ya kuma an zabe a matsayin mataimakin Koli Soviets na Byelorussian SSR da kuma Tarayyar Soviet. Bugu da kari, da marubuci ya zama wani girmamawa memba na Academy, da an gane da girmama ma'aikaci na kimiyya. Jakub lokacin da yake rayuwa ya aka bayar yawa lambar yabo da kuma kayan ado.

da marubuci ta mutuwa

Karkashin Soviet mulki, da yawa marubuta da kasa ideas fada karkashin m lura da haramta shi a jikinsu. Na yi ba togiya da kuma Yakub Kolas. Awards samu ta hanyar shi daga Soviet hukumomi ba su iya ajiye marubuci daga m tuhuma, tambayar da bincike. Wannan ƙwarai gurgunta ya morale da kuma ta jiki kiwon lafiya. A mawãƙi ya mutu a shekarar 1956, aka binne shi a kasarsa, a birnin Minsk.