Yankin Altai: matsalolin muhalli da hanyoyi don magance su. Yanayi da masana'antu na yankin Altai

A yau, a cikin yankin Altai, wanda yake sananne ne saboda yanayin mai girma, akwai wasu wurare masu ban mamaki. Kusan dukkanin su sun shahara kuma suna ci gaba da samun tasiri ga ayyukan tattalin arziki da masana'antu.

Wannan labarin zai magance matsalolin yanayin muhalli na yankin Altai, hanyoyin da za su fita daga halin da ake ciki, tarihin yankin da sauran abubuwa.

Yankin Altai: cikakken bayani

Altai - yankin da ke kan batun Rasha da kuma kusa da Kazakhstan, yana cikin yankin kudu maso yammacin Siberian Federal District.

Ya kamata a lura cewa har zuwa shekara ta 1991, yankin Altai ya ƙunshi yankin Gorno-Altai mai zaman kansa, wanda a yau yana wakiltar wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta Rasha - Jamhuriyar Altai.

Yawan mutanen yankin sun fi mutane fiye da 2490. Yankin yankin yana da mita 168 000. Km, wanda shine kashi 1 cikin 100 na yawan ƙasar Rasha. Cibiyar tazarar ita ce garin Barnaul (yawan mutane - fiye da mutane dubu 650).

Yana iyakance yankin da Kazakhstan, Kemerovo da yankunan Novosibirsk.

A matsayin lardin, garuruwa 12, ƙauyuka - 14, 67 yankunan karkara da kuma birane (ciki har da yankin ƙasar Jamus). Gidan jirgin kasa na Sijiya na kudu-Siberian yana wucewa ta gefen gefen, inda ake hawa kayan sufuri zuwa yankuna na yamma. Mafi girma tashar jirgin kasa: Aleiskaya, Barnaul, Biysk, Altai, Rubtsovsk.

Location:

Саянская горная ). Altai baki yanki nasa ne da 2nd jiki kasashen (West Siberia da kuma Altai - Sayanskaya dutsen). Dutsen dutsen yana kan kudancin da gabashin ɓangaren fili. Yana Salairsky kunya da kuma na Shefela da Altai. Yankunan tsakiya da na yamma suna wakiltar mahimmanci gado. Wannan Biysko-Chumyshskaya Upland, Piobskoe Plateau da Kulunda Steppe.

Kusan duk yankunan da ke cikin yankin Rasha na yau da kullum suna da mahimmanci ga yankin: duwatsu, taiga, steppes da forest-steppe. Yankin da ke cikin ƙasa yana nuna yanayin daji da dabbobin daji, tare da tashoshin ruwa da laguna, cibiyar sadarwa na katako da ravines, da kuma burs.

Ba da nisa daga Biya River, a tributary da Katun, shi ne mafi girma a gefen birnin: Gorno-Altaisk da Barnaul. Biysk yana tsaye a kan bankunan Biya, wanda ke raba birni zuwa sassa biyu.

Kayan lambu da dabbobi

Kafin mu san abin da matsalolin muhalli ke cikin yankin Altai, za mu bayyana yanayinta.

Mafi yawan ciyayi da ke tattare da haɗuwa da bambancin taimako dabam dabam yana tare da bambancin dabbobin duniya. Ornithofauna na yankin ya ƙunshi fiye da 320 nau'in tsuntsaye. Dabbobi iri na 90 suna wakiltar dabbobi.

A cikin duka, kimanin nau'i 2,000 na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu girma sun girma a cikin yanki na yankin, wanda shine 2/3 na nau'in shuka na dukan Siberia Siyasa. Akwai nau'in relic da cututtuka daga cikinsu. Musamman ma sune wadannan tsire-tsire: St. John's wort, oregano, tsayin elecampane, tushen tushe, rhodiola rosea (tushe na zinari), maral root da marin (ko kuma peony evading), Ural licorice da sauransu. Sauran

Tudun daji na dauke da kashi 26 cikin dari na dukkanin yankin.

Riba da tafkuna na yankin Altai

Ruwa albarkatun ruwa a lardin suna wakiltar karkashin kasa da ruwaye. Mafi girma koguna (daga dubu 17) sune Katun, Ob, Alei, Biya da Charysh. Ob (babbar tashar ruwa na yankin), wanda aka kafa daga ginin Katun da Biya, yana da tsawon kilomita 493. Kogin ruwa yana da kashi 70 cikin dari na yanki.

Lakes na yankin Altai suna da yawa, akwai dubu 13 kawai. Mafi girma shi ne Kulundinskoye, inda yanki na 728 sq. Km.

Yanayi

Sakamakon yanayin yankin Altai shi ne cewa akwai wasu iri-iri iri-iri masu tsire-tsire. Mafi yawa daga cikin kayan kayan da aka tattara suna da hannu da hannu don kada su lalata ƙasa kuma kada su rikita jituwa akan yanayin yankin Altai. Wadannan wurare ne na musamman da nau'o'in albarkatu na duniya, suna jawo hankalin mutane masu yawa. Kuma a yau a wurare masu tuddai da zaku iya sadu da shamans, a kullum shirye su gaya game da kaddarorin masu amfani da tsire-tsire masu girma a nan.

Yankin yana da wadata a cikin tsauni na halitta; Wurin ilimi na Babban Ruwa. Kogin Ob; Crimson, Ƙananan Spring, Kolyvanovskoe, Big Lake; Lake Aya; Denisova da Tavdinsky caves; Mount Sinyuha; Kwarin Kogin Shinok da ruwa; Kogin Katun.

Da farko kallo, yanayin yanayi a Altai ba mummunan ba ne. Ana shahara ga koguna da marmaro, ɗauke da ruwa mafi tsarki daga duwatsu zuwa kwari da gandun daji. Dubban raguna da koguna suna wanke yankunan lardin, tabbatar da dukiya da tsabtace ƙasa. Yana da godiya ga ruwa na wadannan tafkuna cewa yawancin gandun daji da sauran ciyayi sun girma a ƙasa mai kyau da lafiya. Duk da haka, har ma a nan, a ƙarƙashin tasirin rayuwar dan Adam, an kiyaye mummunan yanayin yanayi.

Yankunan da aka kare

Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman al'amurran da suka shafi yau shine maganin matsalar muhalli na yankin Altai, domin a cikin yankuna babu wuraren ajiya ko wuraren shakatawa na kasa.

A cikin duka, akwai garuruwan 33 a lardin, wanda ya mallaki 773,100 hectares, wanda shine kashi 5 cikin 100 na lardin. Wannan bai isa ba don kula da ma'aunin halittu na halittu (yanzu yana ƙarƙashin matsakaitan Rasha). Hakika, akwai matsalolin muhalli a yankin Altai.

A Altai akwai alamun yanayi mai yawa, an dauka a ƙarƙashin kariya da kuma wakiltar abubuwa marasa dabi'u. Dukansu suna da tarihin tarihi, kimiyya da al'adu - muhimmancin gaske (ruwaye, koguna, maɓuɓɓugai na ma'adinai, haɓaka geological, abubuwa masu kyan gani, da dai sauransu). Koda ma bishiyar bishiyoyi guda daya, ta hanyar mu'ujiza har ya zuwa yau, ya wakilci mafi yawan abubuwan tarihi.

A gaba ɗaya, 100 alamu na halitta sun yarda a cikin yankin Altai (ciki har da masu ilimin geo - 54, ruwa - 31, Botanical - 14, da kuma 1).

A Altai, a wasu yankunan, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da dabbobi suna rayuwa kuma suna rayuwa, amma waɗannan yankuna ba su da matsayi na masu kare. Bisa ga halin da ake ciki a yanzu, an yanke shawara a kafa a lardin Tigerek da Kulundinskogo. An dakatar da aiki a kan kungiyar saboda rashin kudade.

Sanadin ragowar muhalli

Akwai matsalolin muhalli a yankin Altai? Hakika akwai.

Ruwan ruwa na yankin ya ƙazantu da lalacewa daga masana'antun masana'antu, masana'antu da kuma masana'antu, da kuma aikin injiniyar wutar lantarki.

Babban matsalar ita ce adana ƙananan kogunan saboda sabuntawarsu da gurbatawa. Saboda rage yawan wuraren gandun daji, yaduwar ruwa ya faru, haifar da tashe tashen hanyoyi. Har ila yau, yawancin tafkuna suna gurɓataccen ruwan sha daga gidaje da ƙauyuka.

Bugu da ƙari, duk abin da ke sama, a kan lardin lardin akwai hanyoyin da za a kaddamar da makamai masu linzami daga Baikonur.

Kammalawa

A yau, UNESCO tana ba da albarkatun da yawa don tallafawa ilimin ilimin kimiyya na yankin. Har ila yau, hukumomi na gari sunyi ƙoƙari don inganta lafiyar muhalli da kuma kiyayewar yanayi. A kowane lokaci a cikin makarantun ilimin ilimi an gudanar da su akan batun "Kariya ga yanayin."

Altai a kowane hali yana daya daga cikin yankuna masu tsabta na yankuna na Rasha. Yana da dabi'ar da aka ba da kyauta da nau'o'in ganye masu goyan bayan lafiyar mutane da yawa.