Yankin Electrostatic da kuma caji ɗaya

A cikin al'umma, akwai matsakaici cewa kawai kwayoyin halitta za a iya la'akari da matsayin da ba kawai wanzu ba, amma kuma a fili. Wannan imani ne kawai jera gaskiya. Ɗaya daga cikin misalan misalai na abubuwa marar ganuwa shine filin lantarki. Magnetic da lantarki suna da nau'i na musamman. Yana da sauƙi don tabbatar da wannan idan munyi la'akari da filin lantarki da halaye.

Back a 1785 Sh Coulomb aka gano da kuma tabbatar da doka da karfi hulda biyu ma'ana jikin da lantarki zargin. Duk da haka, babu tabbaci game da irin tasiri. Yawancin gwaje-gwajen da aka yi, musamman, lokacin da ake tuhumar cajin a cikin wani wuri. An kiyaye doka. Wannan ya bamu damar ɗauka cewa ba'a bukatar matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici don canja wurin iko. Daga baya, Maxwell (bisa ayyukan Faraday) ya gano wani filin lantarki a cikin wani wuri. Ya bayyana cewa filin yana kasancewa a kowane lokaci game da zargin, ko da kuwa irin yanayin, kuma yana tabbatar da hulɗarsu.

Tun da filin shine abu, yana "bin" tsarin Einstein kuma ya yada tare da gudun haske. Ma'aikatar wutar lantarki ta karbi sunansa saboda gaskiyar cewa yana da halayyar cajin kuɗi ('' stic '' - hutawa, auna). Ikon da aka samo ta Aladun ana kiransa lantarki. Ya bayyana irin girman da filin ke yi akan cajin da aka gabatar a cikinta.

Ɗaya daga cikin alamun da filin lantarki yake mallaka shi ne tashin hankali. Nuna nuna nauyin hulɗar hulɗar haraji. Don nazarin, amfani da abin da ake kira gwajin gwaji, gabatarwar abin a cikin filin ba ya ɓatar da ƙarshen. Yawancin lokaci ana zaton shine 1.6 * 10 zuwa iko na -19 panda. Idan ƙararrakin da aka rubuta ta "E" suna ƙin ƙarfi, to, zamu sami:

E = F / Q,

Inda F shine ƙarfin da ke aiki a kan caji na Q (misali, gwaji). Amfani da lissafin ga Coulomb dokar na bukatar mainstreaming da kuma hadawa coefficient na da dielectric akai na matsakaici.

Hanya na electrostatic yana shafar kowane nau'i na caji, kuma tsarin hadaddun tsarin haɗari ya taso. Ana iya la'akari da tashin hankali na tsarin daga ra'ayi na kangewa, saboda haka sakamako na karshe na N-lambobi na caji shine ƙundin jimlar duk ƙarfin filin. A hanyar, ra'ayi na "layi na tashin hankali" (kalmar da aka sani daga makarantar ilimin kimiyya) ya tashi daga Faraday, wanda ya nuna alamar filin, a kowane maɓalli wanda ya dace da maɗauran matakan wutar lantarki. Saboda haka, mafi yawan waɗannan sifofin, yawancin karfi ne. A bambanci ga electromagnetic filayen ba rufe a electrostatics line tashin hankali. Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin ƙananan ƙarfe (da kuma sauran kayan aiki), ƙarfin filin bai kasance ba saboda aikin da aka saba da shi na filin ƙwararrun masu karɓar kyauta a cikin tsarin sassauki. A gaskiya ma, dakarun suna hanzarta daidaitawa, babu halin yanzu, kuma sassan tashin hankali a cikin wannan mai jagoran ba zai iya shiga ba.

Bugu da ƙari vector yawa, da filin za a iya bayyana ta scalar dabi'u dauka a kowane (manufa hali) batu. A cikin masu amfani da electrostatics, waɗannan dabi'u suna halayyar samfurin filin. Za mu iya cewa shi yayi dace da m makamashi for guda tabbatacce cajin a kowane daya batu na farar. Sabili da haka, sashi na auna shine Volt. An ƙaddara ta ƙimar ƙarfin makamashi na cajin Q-gwajin zuwa darajarta, wato, W / Q-gwajin.

Tsarin kanta yana daidai da aikin da sojojin da ke cikin wutar lantarki suka yi, yana motsa cajin daga wata aya zuwa wani, ba tare da nisa ba.